Biology 11th Edition by Gerald Audesirk,Teresa Audesirk,Bruce Byers

تمرين 5

During major floods, only the topmost branches of submerged trees may be visible above the water. If you were asked to sketch the branches below the surface of the water solely on the basis of the positions of the exposed tips, you would be attempting a reconstruction somewhat similar to the "family tree" by which systematists link various organisms according to their common ancestors (analogous to branching points). What sources of error do both exercises share? What advantages do modern systematists have?