Introduction to Psychology 10th Edition by Rod Plotnik,Haig Kouyoumdjian

تمرين 13

According to Pavlov's original explanation, classical conditioning occurs because of (a) _____, which means that the conditioned stimulus (tone) bonds to the unconditioned stimulus (food). Through this bond, or association, the conditioned stimulus (tone) elicits the conditioned response (salivation) by substituting for the (b) _____ (food). Pavlov's explanation of classical conditioning was criticized, and researchers suggested instead that conditioning occurs because two stimuli are paired close together in time. This explanation, which is called (c) _____ theory, has been challenged, in turn, by more recent explanations.