Cengage Advantage Books: Sustaining the Earth 10th Edition by Tyler Miller,Scott Spoolman

تمرين 4

Define toxicology , toxicity , dose , and response. Explain how the toxicity of a substance can be estimated by using laboratory animals and discuss the limitations of this approach. What is a dose-response curve ? Explain how toxicities are estimated by case reports and epidemiological studies and discuss the limitations of these approaches.