Cengage Advantage Books: Business Law 9th Edition by Arnold Goldman ,William Sigismond

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Facts
Mason, a homeless person was charged with unlawfully entering Gormont's World of Entertainment situated in a large city. He entered after closing hours at around 2 a.m. without permission and stole several thousand dollars from vending machines, an open safe, and from several cash registers. He was taken into custody by the police and held for trial.
At Trial
He appeared in court without funds and without an attorney and asked the court to appoint an attorney for him. His request was denied by the judge on the grounds that the state of Mississippi in which he lived provided attorneys only to indigent defendants charged with crimes that might result in the death penalty if they were found guilty. Mason left to defend himself, was convicted and sentenced to prison. While in prison, he applied to the highest level court in his state (state supreme court) to have his case reviewed and overturned on the grounds that his constitutional rights had been violated. This request was denied. Mason then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. The U.S. Supreme Court accepted his case and ruled that his constitutional rights had indeed been violated.
Questions
1. Which of Mason's constitutional rights had been violated?
2. What document did Mason need to file with the Court to have his case tried by the U.S. Supreme Court?
3. Was the U.S. Supreme Court required to take Mason's case?