Basic Econometrics 5th Edition by Damodar Gujarati,Dawn Porter

تمرين 1

"If two random variables are statistically independent, the coefficient of correlation between the two is zero. But the converse is not necessarily true; that is, zero correlation does not imply statistical independence. However, if two variables are normally distributed, zero correlation necessarily implies statistical independence." Verify this statement for the following joint probability density function of two normally distributed variables Y 1 and Y 2 (this joint probability density function is known as the bivariate normal probability density function):
4 See Appendix A for a general discussion of the properties of the maximum likelihood estimators as well as for the distinction between asymptotic unbiasedness and consistency. Roughly speaking, in asymptotic unbiasedness we try to find out the as n tends to infinity, where n is the sample size on which the estimator is based, whereas in consistency we try to find out how behaves as n increases indefinitely. Notice that the unbiasedness property is a repeated sampling property of an estimator based on a sample of given size, whereas in consistency we are concerned with the behavior of an estimator as the sample size increases indefinitely.
where µ 1 = mean of Y 1
µ 2 = mean of Y 2
1 = standard deviation of Y 1
2 = standard deviation of Y 2
= coefficient of correlation between Y 1 and Y 2