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Becker's World of the Cell 9th Edition by Lewis Kleinsmith, Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
النسخة 9الرقم المعياري الدولي: 9780134295510Becker's World of the Cell 9th Edition by Lewis Kleinsmith, Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
النسخة 9الرقم المعياري الدولي: 9780134295510 تمرين 1
The Historical Strands of Cell Biology. For each of the following events, indicate whether it belongs mainly to the cytological (C), biochemical (B), or genetic (G)strand in the historical development of cell biology.
(a)Köllicker describes "sarcosomes" (now called mitochondria)in muscle cells (1857).
(b)Hoppe-Seyler isolates the protein hemoglobin in crystalline form (1864).
(c)Haeckel postulates that the nucleus is responsible for heredity (1868).
(d)Ostwald proves that enzymes are catalysts (1893).
(e)Muller discovers that X-rays induce mutations (1927).
(f)Davson and Danielli postulate a model for the structure of cell membranes (1935).
(g)Beadle and Tatum formulate the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis (1940).
(h)Claude isolates the first mitochondrial fractions from rat liver (1940).
(i)Lipmann postulates the central importance of ATP in cellular energy transactions (1940).
(j)Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty demonstrate that bacterial transformation is attributable to DNA, not protein (1944).
(k)Palade, Porter, and Sjøstrand each develop techniques for fixing and sectioning biological tissue for electron microscopy (1952-1953).
(l)Lehninger demonstrates that oxidative phosphorylation depends for its immediate energy source on the transport of electrons in the mitochondrion (1957).
(a)Köllicker describes "sarcosomes" (now called mitochondria)in muscle cells (1857).
(b)Hoppe-Seyler isolates the protein hemoglobin in crystalline form (1864).
(c)Haeckel postulates that the nucleus is responsible for heredity (1868).
(d)Ostwald proves that enzymes are catalysts (1893).
(e)Muller discovers that X-rays induce mutations (1927).
(f)Davson and Danielli postulate a model for the structure of cell membranes (1935).
(g)Beadle and Tatum formulate the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis (1940).
(h)Claude isolates the first mitochondrial fractions from rat liver (1940).
(i)Lipmann postulates the central importance of ATP in cellular energy transactions (1940).
(j)Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty demonstrate that bacterial transformation is attributable to DNA, not protein (1944).
(k)Palade, Porter, and Sjøstrand each develop techniques for fixing and sectioning biological tissue for electron microscopy (1952-1953).
(l)Lehninger demonstrates that oxidative phosphorylation depends for its immediate energy source on the transport of electrons in the mitochondrion (1957).
التوضيح
موثّق
موثّق
(a)
Visualization of sarcosomes would fall under the cytological branch of historical developments in developmental biology. Sarcosomes are crucial to energy production in muscle cells.
(b)
Isolation of crystalline hemoglobin constitutes a major biochemical discovery. Hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transportation throughout the body.
(c)
The answer nearly falls into the realm of theoretical genetics , but does highlight an important change in thinking.
(d)
By providing proof of the function of the enzymes, Ostwald provided important biochemical information to the community.
(e)
Mutations induced by X-Rays represent an important genetic discovery.
(f)
The 1930's were an exciting time for scientists interested in morphology and cytology , as is the case with the postulation of how cell membranes were organized.
(g)
The one gene - one enzyme hypothesis was a landmark genetic discovery, redefining the fundamental relationship between DNA and proteins.
(h)
Fractionation, or the ability to isolate (cellular)components based upon their relative mass, is an important biochemical technique.
(i)
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)is integral to many cellular functions. It is the primary chemical component that allows cells to regulate intracellular activities. Any process that is labeled "active" requires ATP and thus requires energy to perform. The postulation of ATP's involvement in cellular processes was a biochemical achievement.
(j)
Bacterial transformation refers to the ability of bacteria to uptake extracellular DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)and express and/or incorporates that genetic material into its own genome. This is a genetic achievement.
(k)
This marks the ability to take exceptionally thin slices of biologic material. Frequently, sections are only one cell thick! This has had a profound impact on cytology as it allows for high resolution images of single cell thick cross sections.
(l)
By characterizing the molecular processes of oxidative phosphorylation, Lehninger contributed an important finding to the biochemical community of researchers.
Visualization of sarcosomes would fall under the cytological branch of historical developments in developmental biology. Sarcosomes are crucial to energy production in muscle cells.
(b)
Isolation of crystalline hemoglobin constitutes a major biochemical discovery. Hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transportation throughout the body.
(c)
The answer nearly falls into the realm of theoretical genetics , but does highlight an important change in thinking.
(d)
By providing proof of the function of the enzymes, Ostwald provided important biochemical information to the community.
(e)
Mutations induced by X-Rays represent an important genetic discovery.
(f)
The 1930's were an exciting time for scientists interested in morphology and cytology , as is the case with the postulation of how cell membranes were organized.
(g)
The one gene - one enzyme hypothesis was a landmark genetic discovery, redefining the fundamental relationship between DNA and proteins.
(h)
Fractionation, or the ability to isolate (cellular)components based upon their relative mass, is an important biochemical technique.
(i)
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)is integral to many cellular functions. It is the primary chemical component that allows cells to regulate intracellular activities. Any process that is labeled "active" requires ATP and thus requires energy to perform. The postulation of ATP's involvement in cellular processes was a biochemical achievement.
(j)
Bacterial transformation refers to the ability of bacteria to uptake extracellular DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)and express and/or incorporates that genetic material into its own genome. This is a genetic achievement.
(k)
This marks the ability to take exceptionally thin slices of biologic material. Frequently, sections are only one cell thick! This has had a profound impact on cytology as it allows for high resolution images of single cell thick cross sections.
(l)
By characterizing the molecular processes of oxidative phosphorylation, Lehninger contributed an important finding to the biochemical community of researchers.
Becker's World of the Cell 9th Edition by Lewis Kleinsmith, Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
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