Anatomy, Physiology, and Disease 3rd Edition by Karen Lee,Jeff Ankney,Bruce Colbert

تمرين 24

Maria is a 35-year-old diabetic who now takes good care of herself. Diagnosed with autoimmune type I at 12 years old, Maria rebelled against the dietary restrictions, daily insulin injections, and blood monitoring. During adolescence she had wild blood sugar swings, hypoglycemic episodes that would cause her to black out one day and be off the chart with hyperglycemia the next. She ignored all the "scare tactics" her doctors and parents tried to lay on her. She figured it was no big deal. She'd deal with her diabetes when she was good and ready.
In early 20s, Maria's retinas began to hemorrhage. Luckily the problem was caught early enough to save her eyesight. Then a minor cut on her leg turned into an ulcer that had to be treated surgically. Alarmed, she did some Web surfing and realized that she was flirting with disaster. She talked to her doctor and a nutritionist and began to stick to her diet and exercise program and to monitor her blood glucose level daily.
For several years her blood glucose was relatively stable, marked by occasional periods of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. When she turned 30, things began to unravel. Even when she followed her treatment plan rigorously, her blood sugar was sometimes difficult to control. She tried an insulin pump to stabilize her blood sugar. Nothing worked. She passed out several times in public and then began to have other problems. She had several skin infections and began to have sharp pain in her hands and feet. Her kidneys began to fail. In an attempt to control her diabetes, her doctor suggested a pancreas transplant.
a. List and explain two problems the lack of insulin causes for cells.
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b. In what future system chapters will you expect to see Maria discussed
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