Ecology 6th Edition by Charles Krebs

تمرين 3

Ladybirds beetles are distasteful to predators because of toxic chemical they secret, yet they also have dark melanic forms (Majerus 1998, p. 221). Melanic ladybirds have declined in frequency in central England along with the peppered moth during the past 50 years as air quality has improved. If ladybirds are not eaten by predators, how might you explain these changes in melanic frequency?