Ecology 6th Edition by Charles Krebs

تمرين 5

In Scotland, female offspring of red grouse disperse to surrounding areas, while male of offspring take up a territory next to their father, if they survive. A male's territory is always occupied exclusively by one bird. Describe how the aggression associated with territorial defense might differ if a male is surrounded by his sons or by unrelated males. Mougeot et al. (2003) describe this system and some experiments on this issue.