Ecology 6th Edition by Charles Krebs

تمرين 4

Norwegian lemmings do not live in lowland forests in Scandinavia even though they are regularly seen in these areas when their alpine populations are at high density. Suggest three hypotheses to explain the failure of lemmings to establish permanent populations in lowland forest, and discuss experiments to test these ideas. Oksanen and Oksanen (1992) discuss this question.