Biology 8th Edition by Kenneth Mason ,Jonathan Losos,Susan Singer,Peter Raven,George Johnson

تمرين 5

The sheet of cells that form the gut epithelium folds into peaks called villi and valleys called crypts. The cells within the crypt region secrete a protein, Netrin-1, that becomes concentrated within the crypts. Netrin-1 is the ligand for a receptor protein that is found on the surface of all gut epithelial cells. Netrin-1 binding triggers a signal pathway that promotes cell growth. Gut epithelial cells undergo apoptosis (cell death) in the absence of Netrin-1 ligand binding.
A) How would you characterize the type of signaling (autocrine, paracrine, endocrine) found in this system
B) Predict where the greatest amount of cell growth and cell death would occur in the epithelium.
C) The loss of the Netrin-1 receptor is associated with some types of colon cancer. Suggest an explanation for the link between this signaling pathway and tumor formation.