Ecology: Concepts and Applications 4th Edition by Manual Molles

تمرين 1

Winemiller (1990) deleted "weak" trophic links from one set of food webs that he described for fish communities in Venezuela (see fig. 17.3). What was his criterion for designating weak interactions? Earlier, Paine (1980) suggested that ecologists could learn something by focusing on "strong" links in communities. How did Paine's criterion for determining a strong link differ from Winemiller's?