
Biology 11th Edition by Cecie Starr ,Ralph Taggart
النسخة 11الرقم المعياري الدولي: 978-0495106784
Biology 11th Edition by Cecie Starr ,Ralph Taggart
النسخة 11الرقم المعياري الدولي: 978-0495106784 تمرين 2
Rarely can experimenters observe all individuals of a group. They select subsets or samples of populations, events, and other aspects of nature. However, they must try to avoid bias, which means risking a test by using subsets that are not really representative of the whole. Sampling error can occur when estimates are based on a limited sample rather than the whole population. Test results are less likely to be distorted when a sampling is large and the test is repeated. Explain how sampling error could have affected results of the potato chip experiment described in Section 1.6 if the experimenters had not been careful.
التوضيح
Sampling is choosing or deficiency a certain set of people or individual of interest keeping in mind the control of the clinical study and evaluating or testing the product or any commodity. Sampling must be done purely arbitrarily or it may lead to sampling bias.
Sampling always involve a large group of people like in olestra laced potato chip experiment a large group of 1100 people were chosen out of which only 15.8% people reported of gastrointestinal cramp problem. Had the sampling been small Then there might be probability that nobody report of GI cramp problem. Thus choosing a small sample in itself results in biasness of the study. Apparently there might be not a single case of negative output and launching the product in the market may be a complete failure. Sampling must be arbitrary and large in order to substantiate the diverse results in a better way and evaluate the efficiency of the clinical trial and the overall output.
Sampling always involve a large group of people like in olestra laced potato chip experiment a large group of 1100 people were chosen out of which only 15.8% people reported of gastrointestinal cramp problem. Had the sampling been small Then there might be probability that nobody report of GI cramp problem. Thus choosing a small sample in itself results in biasness of the study. Apparently there might be not a single case of negative output and launching the product in the market may be a complete failure. Sampling must be arbitrary and large in order to substantiate the diverse results in a better way and evaluate the efficiency of the clinical trial and the overall output.
Biology 11th Edition by Cecie Starr ,Ralph Taggart
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