Biology 11th Edition by Cecie Starr ,Ralph Taggart

تمرين 7

Cigarette smoke is mostly carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen. The rest contains at least fifty-five different chemicals identified as carcinogenic, or cancer-causing, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). When these carcinogens enter the bloodstream, enzymes convert them to a series of chemical intermediates that are easier to excrete. Some of the intermediates bind irreversibly to DNA. Propose one mechanism by which smoking cigarettes can cause cancer.