M: Organizational Behavior 2nd Edition by Steven McShane, Mary Von Glinow

تمرين 106

In the expectancy theory, valence refers to the:
A) amount of effort a person puts towards a known goal.
B) individual's perceived probability of performing the task at a particular level.
C) anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels towards an outcome.
D) individual's perceived probability that his or her performance will lead to specific outcomes.
E) feelings that result from a comparison of the individual's outcome/input ratio with the outcome/input ratio of a colleague.