Molecular Biology Of The Cell 6th Edition by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter

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A small to 3%-of all cancers, across many subtypes, displays a quite remarkable phenome- non: tens to hundreds of rearrangements that primarily involve a single chromosome, or chromosomal region. The breakpoints can be tightly clustered, with several in a few kilobases; the junctions of the rearrangements often involve segments of DNA that were not originally close together on the chromosome. The copy number of various segments within the rearranged chromosome was found to be either zero, indicating deletion, or one, indicating retention. You can imagine two ways in which such multi- ple, localized rearrangements might happen: a progressive rearrangements model with ongoing inversions, deletions, and duplications involving a localized area, or a cata- strophic model in which the chromosome is shattered into fragments that are stitched back together in random order by nonhomologous end joining (Figure Q20-2).