Microbiology 9th Edition by Laura Black, Jacquelyn Black

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Which of the following is characteristic of a plasmid?
(a) Plasmids generally contain genes that are essential to the recipient's survival.
(b) Plasmids can carry genes for antibiotic resistance and bacteriocins that inhibit the growth of other competing bacteria.
(c) Some plasmids can carry genes for catabolic enzymes and virulence factors.
(d) A plasmid is a circular, double-stranded extrachromo somal piece of DNA that is self-replicating.
(e) b, c, and d.