Microbiology 9th Edition by Laura Black, Jacquelyn Black

تمرين 11

Beside capsule formation, microbes can resist phagocytosis by which of the following methods?
(a) Interfering with chemotaxis
(b) Production of toxins such as leukocidin and streptoly sin that cause the release of the phagocyte's own lyso somal enzymes into its cytoplasm, killing them
(c) Some microbes take up residence within macrophages and are protected from lysosomes and their contents by formation of parasitophorous vacuoles (PVs)
(d) Avoidance of adherence to macrophages
(e) All of the above