Microbiology 9th Edition by Laura Black, Jacquelyn Black

تمرين 27

Antigenic shifts in influenza viruses are represented by dra matic changes in the viral antigens. It is likely they arise from rare events in which:
(a) Two different influenza viruses infect a cell at the same time
(b) Two separate viruses undergo lysogenic conversion
(c) Two viruses conjugate
(d) Mutations accumulate
(e) All of the above