Deck 20: Endocrine System Disorders

Question 1

Sources of insulin include which of the following?

A) recombinant DNA derivatives
B) human derivatives
C) poultry
D) a and b
E) all the above

Answer 1

a and b

Question 2

When steroids are prescribed for long-term therapy, which of the following should be evaluated on a regular basis?

A) blood pressure
B) weight
C) electrolyte balance
D) cardiac function
E) all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

All of the following are true about sulfonylureas EXCEPT they

A) have various times of onset and duration of action
B) are derivatives of sulfonamide antibiotics
C) are insulin-like preparations
D) cause a release of insulin in the pancreas
E) cause hypoglycemia that is more severe in elderly, debilitated, or malnourished patients

Answer 3

are insulin-like preparations

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about the storage of insulin?

A) Lantus and regular insulin should be discarded if cloudy.
B) Prefilled syringes of insulin should be stored vertically with the needle up to avoid clogging of the needle.
C) Regular insulin is stable at room temperature for 2 to 4 weeks.
D) Both b and c are true.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of insulin?

A) Insulin has different times and courses of action.
B) Insulin is given by injection.
C) Insulin differs by source of medication.
D) Illnesses, trauma, and stress increase the need for insulin.
E) Insulin dosages are individualized but will remain the same after the dosage has been adjusted for the individual patient.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is NOT true about adverse reactions to insulin?

A) Insulin may cause allergic reactions in most patients.
B) Blurred vision and hypoglycemia are the most common side effects of insulin.
C) Smoking delays the absorption of insulin and should be delayed for 30 minutes following insulin administration.
D) OTC preparations, because of the sugar content, may cause problems for the person with diabetes mellitus.
E) Pregnancy increases the need for insulin.

Question 7

Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland include which of the following?

A) tropic hormones
B) neurohormones
C) oxytocin and ADH
D) a and c
E) all of the above

Question 8

Which of the following statements is NOT true of diabetes mellitus?

A) Type I diabetes mellitus seems to be a genetic abnormality requiring insulin administration.
B) Type II diabetes is the result of aging, improper diet, or genetic factors and may be treated with oral medications.
C) Drugs for diabetes mellitus include oral hypoglycemics, insulins, and drugs to affect glucose absorption.
D) The symptoms for both types of diabetes mellitus are always polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria, as well as weight loss.
E) Type II diabetes mellitus may be caused by insulin resistance.

Question 9

All of the following are true of Lantus insulin EXCEPT it

A) is cloudy
B) is the latest type of insulin introduced
C) may not be mixed with other types of insulin
D) should be administered once a day at bedtime
E) maintains a continuous hypoglycemic action over a 24-hour period and does not show a distinct peak

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true about the treatment of diabetes mellitus?

A) Persons with diabetes mellitus may treat the disease with medication only.
B) Antidiabetic medications delay absorption of glucose in the diet and inhibit glucose produced in the liver without lowering blood glucose levels.
C) Patients with type II diabetes mellitus may need an oral hypoglycemic agent or an antidiabetic drug.
D) Type I diabetes is most frequently treated with exogenous insulin preparations.
E) Patients with type II diabetes mellitus usually secrete some insulin, and treatment may be guided toward increasing the secretion of insulin by the pancreas.

Question 11

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia/insulin shock include all of the following EXCEPT

A) slow onset
B) skin is moist and pale
C) respirations are shallow
D) pulse is fast and bounding
E) blood pressure is normal

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of calcitonin salmon?

A) It is the same compound as calcitonin.
B) It is used in the treatment of osteoporosis but not in the prevention of the disease.
C) It is administered as a nasal spray.
D) There are no drug interactions with calcitonin salmon because it acts like human calcitonin.
E) It requires an adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium to be effective.

Question 13

Common side effects of medications for endocrine diseases include all of the following EXCEPT

A) headache and nervousness
B) low or high blood sugar
C) no changes in growth and cardiac function
D) diarrhea, heartburn, and edema
E) increased appetite, nausea, and weight gain

Question 14

Replacement therapy regimen should be taken in the mornings because of the hormone's side effect of insomnia.

A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 2, 3, and 5
C) 1, 2, 3, and 5
D) 1 and 4
E) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true of Lispro insulin?

A) It should be taken 5 minutes before meals, while regular insulin must be taken 30 minutes before meals.
B) A person taking Lispro insulin may have more carbohydrates in the diet.
C) A person taking Lispro insulin must eat within 15 minutes of taking the medication.
D) It may only be mixed with other products manufactured by Eli Lilly.
E) It requires a prescription for dispensing.

Question 16

Signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia/diabetic coma include all of the following EXCEPT

A) breath with a fruity odor
B) fast, weak pulse
C) dry skin
D) low blood pressure
E) no thirst

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of insulin delivery systems?

A) Insulin comes in a pen with a cartridge of insulin containing 300 units for quick and easy administration.
B) Insulin comes in a jet injector system that "sprays" the insulin through the skin.
C) Insulin may be injected with a portable insulin pump that delivers a continuous, regulated dose of insulin under the skin through a tiny needle or cannula in the abdomen.
D) Intranasal sprays, patches, and inhaled powders are in the experimental stage to supply insulin at rapid onset with less chance of skin irritation.
E) Implantable insulin pumps are readily available and are relatively inexpensive compared to other types of insulin delivery.

Question 18

Which of the following is a modified human derivative of insulin and is therefore less antigenic and the preferred insulin for use today?

A) Humalog
B) Humulin
C) Novolin
D) Lantus

Question 19

Insulin preparations vary in

A) time of onset
B) peak of action
C) duration of action
D) a and c
E) all of the above

Question 20

Hormones may be used for all of the following EXCEPT

A) replacement therapy
B) visual disturbances
C) endocrine diagnostic testing
D) inflammatory processes
E) therapeutic treatments

Question 21

Glucose absorption inhibitors

A) delay the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines
B) can be used alone or in combination with insulin, metformin, or sulfonylureas
C) may cause flatulence, abdominal distention, and diarrhea
D) b and c
E) all of the above

Question 22

Target organs have specific receptors that respond to target hormones. These are controlled by the hypothalamus and its response to the internal environment.

Question 23

Steroids increase the risk of toxic effects from digoxin and increase the risk of peptic ulcers when used with NSAIDs.

Question 24

Antithyroid medications, used to treat hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, may cross the placenta, affecting the fetus, and may cause sore throat, bleeding, and myalgia.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true of thiazolidinediones or glitazones?

A) They work with NIDDM that may no longer respond to other oral medications for diabetes.
B) They are useful in insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.
C) Side effects include headaches, weight gain, and edema.
D) They do not delay the progression of the disease.
E) They do not cause hypoglycemia.

Question 26

Growth hormone stimulates the growth of all tissues and organs.

Question 27

Steroids may be safely administered to patients with GI ulcers, herpes simplex, renal disease, fungal infections, local viral infections, and emotional instability.

Question 28

ACTH is often used orally as a therapeutic agent for wound healing.

Question 29

Calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland but is regulated by the parathyroid gland to ensure an adequate supply of calcium for neuromuscular and endocrine function.

Question 30

Hormones may have half-lives of days to years, allowing for either rapid or very slow excretions of these substances.

Question 31

Steroids taken for prolonged periods of time should be decreased gradually prior to discontinuing the medication.

Question 32

Diabetes is a disease of fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 33

Topical steroid preparations may be bought OTC in minimal strengths and by prescription in stronger percentages.

Question 34

Patients with diabetes mellitus who are given thyroid replacement therapy must be watched closely for elevated blood sugar levels.

Question 35

Steroids change the efficacy of live viral vaccines.

Question 36

Hyperglycemics

A) are used to increase blood sugars
B) are used to treat diseases with hypersecretion of insulin
C) may cause constipation, anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and heart conditions
D) a and c
E) all of the above

Question 37

Insulin acts as a key to open body cells to glucose.

Question 38

Adrenocorticosteroids, corticosteroids, and steroids all refer to the same substances.

Question 39

Diabetes mellitus is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, and 90% to 95% of all cases are adult onset.

Question 40

Steroids are relatively safe and have few drug interactions.

Question 41

Lispro insulin has a moderate onset and a short duration of action.

Question 42

A person who is taking insulin must exercise routinely and should not skip meals.

Question 43

Oral antidiabetic/hypoglycemic agents should be the first line of therapy for NIDDM.

Question 44

Insulin should be kept in the freezer for long-term storage.

Question 45

With insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, the body keeps secreting more and more insulin that is not used, until finally the pancreas ceases production.

Question 46

Second-generation sulfonylureas are those found in use in this class and are administered once a day.

Question 47

All insulin preparations are cloudy.

Question 48

A person may change from one insulin preparation to another without making adjustments to the dosage required for maintaining homeostasis.

Question 49

Glitazones such as Avandia and Actos interact with oral contraceptives, reducing the contraceptives' effectiveness by 30%.

Question 50

Insulin preparations with precipitates should be shaken.

Question 51

Lente insulin may not be mixed with Regular insulin.

Question 52

The site of insulin administration must be rotated with each injection.

Question 53

Insulin preparations are available in fixed NPH/Regular combinations for ease of administration and to lessen the possibility of mistakes in mixing insulin preparations.

Question 54

IDDM is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by the complete absence of insulin.

Question 55

Lantus insulin may be mixed with other types of insulin.

Question 56

Insulin may be given orally.

Question 57

Insulin preparations should be given subcutaneously but some may be administered intravenously and intramuscularly as needed.

Question 58

Illness, trauma, and stress increase blood glucose levels and thus the need for more insulin.

Question 59

Regular insulin is safe and does not cause hypoglycemia.

Question 60

Glitazones are a class of antihyperglycemics that are similar to other oral antidiabetic medications.

Question 61

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Any hormone produced in the adrenal cortex

A)hormone
B)growth hormone
C)glucocorticoid
D)mineralocorticoid
E)steroid

Question 62

When taking steroids, the health care provider should be alerted to the use of these medications before medical or dental procedures.

Question 63

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates cell division and protein synthesis for growth

A)hormone
B)growth hormone
C)glucocorticoid
D)mineralocorticoid
E)steroid

Question 64

Antidiuretic hormone, also called vasopressin, promotes the excretion of water.

Question 65

Calcitonin salmon is administered using a metered dose pump.

Question 66

Palpitations, nervousness, and headaches may be signs of thyroid toxicity.

Question 67

Hormones may be endogenous and exogenous.

Question 68

Steroids may be administered orally, parenterally, topically, and by inhalation.

Question 69

Amylin GLP-1 analogues stimulate the secretion of insulin in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans and the medication may promote regeneration of beta cells.

Question 70

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Substance originating in an organ, gland, or body part that is secreted directly into the bloodstream and carried to another part of the body, where it begins a chemical reaction to increase the activity of that part or to increase another secretion

A)hormone
B)growth hormone
C)glucocorticoid
D)mineralocorticoid
E)steroid

Question 71

Glucagon is used to treat hypoglycemia.

Question 72

Calcitonin salmon should be stored at room temperature when administered using a metered dose pump.

Question 73

The same types of insulin are mixed to provide adequate coverage throughout the day.

Question 74

Calcitonin salmon is safe for use because the drug has the same metabolic effects as human calcitonin.

Question 75

Lantus provides a continuous 24-hour supply of insulin with no specific peak time.

Question 76

Growth hormones can elevate blood glucose levels in children with diabetes.

Question 77

Regular insulin has a fairly rapid onset and a short duration of action.

Question 78

Insulin dosage is individualized to each patient's needs and physical condition.

Question 79

Vitamin C is necessary for the absorption of calcitonin.

Question 80

Combination insulin preparations are more convenient and are safer for use with the elderly, who may have difficulty mixing two types of insulin.