Question 1

Patients taking antacids should be educated regarding these drugs,including:&#10;A) They may cause constipation or diarrhea&#10;B) Many are high in sodium&#10;C) Separate antacids from other medications by 1 hour&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Patients should be educated that antacids may cause constipation or diarrhea. Many antacids are high in sodium and can cause fluid retention in those who are sensitive to sodium. Additionally, patients should separate antacids from other medications by at least 1 hour to avoid any potential interactions or decreased effectiveness of other medications. Therefore, the correct answer is D, all of the above.

Question 2

Patients who are on chronic long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy require monitoring for: A) Iron deficiency anemia,vitamin B₁₂ and calcium deficiency B) Folate and magnesium deficiency C) Elevated uric acid levels leading to gout D) Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia

Accepted Answer

Patients on long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy are at risk for developing iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, and calcium deficiency due to decreased absorption in the gut. Therefore, monitoring for these deficiencies is necessary.

Question 3

Hannah will be traveling to Mexico with her church group over Spring Break to build houses.She is concerned she may develop traveler's diarrhea.Advice includes normal food and water precautions as well as:

A) Loperamide four times a day throughout the trip
B) Bismuth subsalicylate with each meal and bedtime
C) A prescription for diphenoxylate with atropine to use if she gets diarrhea
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Bismuth subsalicylate can be used as a preventive measure for traveler's diarrhea when taken with meals and at bedtime.

Question 4

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)is a common OTC remedy for gastrointestinal complaints.Bismuth subsalicylate:&#10;A) May lead to toxicity if taken with aspirin&#10;B) Is contraindicated in children with flu-like illness&#10;C) Has antimicrobial effects against bacterial and viral enteropathogens&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Bismuth subsalicylate may lead to toxicity if taken with aspirin. It is also contraindicated in children with flu-like illness due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Additionally, it has antimicrobial effects against bacterial and viral enteropathogens.

Question 5

Josie is a 5 year old who presents to the clinic with a 48-hour history of nausea,vomiting,and some diarrhea.She is unable to keep fluids down and her weight is 4 pounds less than her last recorded weight.Besides IV fluids,her exam warrants the use of an antinausea medication.Which of the following would be the appropriate drug to order for Josie?

A) Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
B) Meclizine (Antivert)
C) Promethazine (Phenergan)
D) Ondansetron (Zofran)

Accepted Answer

Ondansetron (Zofran) is the most appropriate drug for Josie because it is effective in treating nausea and vomiting, and it has been approved for use in children aged 6 months and older. Prochlorperazine (Compazine) and promethazine (Phenergan) are not recommended in young children due to possible side effects on the central nervous system. Meclizine (Antivert) is primarily used for dizziness and motion sickness, not nausea and vomiting associated with gastroenteritis.

Question 6

Jim presents with complaints of &#34;heart burn&#34; that is minimally relieved with Tums (calcium carbonate)and is diagnosed with GERD.An appropriate first step therapy would be:&#10;A) Omeprazole (Prilosec)twice a day&#10;B) Ranitidine (Zantac)twice a day&#10;C) Famotidine (Pepcid)once a day&#10;D) Metoclopramide (Reglan)four times a day

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jim presents with complaints of &#34;heart burn&#34;...

Question 7

Patrick is a 10 year old who presents with constipation.Along with diet changes,a laxative is ordered to provide more rapid relief of constipation.An appropriate choice of medication for a 10 year old would be:

A) PEG 3350 (Miralax)
B) Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)suppository
C) Docusate (Colace)suppository
D) Polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution

Accepted Answer

PEG 3350 (Miralax) is a safe and effective choice for treating constipation in children. It works by drawing water into the colon, softening the stool and making it easier to pass. Additionally, it is tasteless and odorless, which improves compliance in children. Bisacodyl and Docusate are both stimulant laxatives which may cause cramping and discomfort, and are generally not recommended for long-term use. Polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution is typically used to prepare for colonoscopy and is not indicated for regular use in children.

Question 8

Many patients self-medicate with antacids.Which patients should be counseled to not take calcium carbonate antacids without discussing with their provider or a pharmacist first?&#10;A) Patients with kidney stones&#10;B) Pregnant patients&#10;C) Patients with heartburn&#10;D) Post-menopausal women

Accepted Answer

Patients with kidney stones should be cautious with calcium carbonate antacids as they can increase calcium levels and potentially contribute to stone formation.

Question 9

Sadie is a 72 year old who takes omeprazole for her chronic GERD.Chronic long-term omeprazole use places her at increased risk for:&#10;A) Megaloblastic anemia&#10;B) Osteoporosis&#10;C) Hypertension&#10;D) Strokes

Accepted Answer

Chronic long-term omeprazole use has been associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis due to decreased calcium absorption.

Deck 20: Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System