Deck 10: Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of U.S.racial and ethnic diversity?

A) The number of Americans who identify themselves as being of two or more races is projected to decrease.
B) The foreign-born population in the United States is expected to shrink by 2050.
C) By 2025, more than 70 percent of the U.S.population is projected to be white.
D) The multiracial population in the United States is increasing.
E) The United States is the least multicultural country in the world.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Discrimination, both individual and institutional, occurs within racial-ethnic groups.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

People of various skin colors and cultures always experience the same social standing.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Minorities may be smaller in number than a dominant group, but they have more power, privilege, and social status.

Question 5

Prejudiced nondiscriminators do not hire minorities and are disrespectful in everyday interactions.

Question 6

Contrary to the popular belief that race is socially constructed, it is determined biologically.

Question 7

Children of immigrants are less likely than their U.S.-born peers to live in a two-parent household.

Question 8

Unprejudiced nondiscriminators believe in the American creed of freedom and equality for all and cherish egalitarian values.

Question 9

Once established, stereotypes are difficult to change because people often dismiss any evidence to the contrary as an exception.

Question 10

De facto, or informal, segregation has replaced de jure segregation in the United States and many other countries.

Question 11

A characteristic of dominant groups is that they are always the largest in number.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of race?

A) It is determined biologically.
B) It is a social construction.
C) It labels people based on religion.
D) It describes cultural characteristics that one learns.
E) It is conceptually similar to ethnicity.

Question 13

In absolute numbers, poor Latinos outnumber those of other racial-ethnic groups.

Question 14

Prejudiced discriminators are unwilling to defy laws to express their beliefs.

Question 15

The increase in intermarriage is due to many interrelated factors-both micro and macro level-that include everyday contact and changing attitudes.

Question 16

The United States is the least multicultural country in the world.

Question 17

Whereas whites see racism as continuing, many blacks view it as a problem that has been pretty much "solved."

Question 18

Which of the following is a societal invention that labels people based on physical appearance, social class, or other characteristics?

A) Race
B) Cult
C) Denomination
D) Sect
E) Clique

Question 19

Isaac's family is from Africa.They immigrated to the United States when Isaac was very young.Isaac identifies himself as "black." His self-identification is derived from his _____.

A) race
B) ethnicity
C) cult
D) sect
E) denomination

Question 20

A(n) _____ refers to people who share visible physical characteristics, such as skin color and facial features, that members of a society consider socially important.

A) fusion group
B) ethnic group
C) racial group
D) religious group
E) minority group

Question 21

In the dominant-minority group relations continuum, which of the following is the lowest on both acceptance and equality?

A) Genocide
B) Acculturation
C) Segregation
D) Assimilation
E) Pluralism

Question 22

_____ is the systematic effort to kill all members of a particular ethnic, religious, political, racial, or national group.

A) Segregation
B) Acculturation
C) Pluralism
D) Stereotyping
E) Genocide

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of U.S.reactions to immigration?

A) Between 45 to 78 percent of Americans favor deporting undocumented immigrants.
B) All residents of places with hostile immigrant laws believe that newcomers cause problems.
C) Many farmers stress on tightening immigration rules.
D) Few Americans realize that undocumented immigrants contribute significantly to state and local taxes.
E) Industries with low-paying jobs are suffering because they employ a large number of undocumented immigrants.

Question 24

_____ involves conforming to the dominant group's culture, adopting its language and values, and intermarrying with that group.

A) Rationalization
B) Assimilation
C) Segregation
D) Stratification
E) Alienation

Question 25

A(n) _____ refers to people who identify with a common national origin or cultural heritage.

A) fusion group
B) ethnic group
C) racial group
D) religious group
E) dominant group

Question 26

Which of the following terms refers to legal segregation?

A) De dato segregation
B) De facto segregation
C) De jure segregation
D) De fideli segregation
E) De integro segregation

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true of acculturation?

A) It does not include learning the language of the host culture.
B) It does not include adopting the values of the host culture.
C) It does not include adopting the beliefs of the host culture.
D) It does not include blending into the host culture.
E) It does not include intermarriage with a member of the host culture.

Question 28

Which of the following terms refers to any group that may be treated differently and unequally because of its physical, cultural, or other characteristics?

A) Elite
B) Denomination
C) Bourgeoisie
D) Bureaucracy
E) Minority

Question 29

Children of immigrants are less likely than their native-born counterparts to:

A) attend religious services regularly.
B) live in a two-parent household.
C) have a parent with a secure job.
D) earn a college degree.
E) have a physical disability.

Question 30

Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes a minority group from a dominant group and forms a basis for differential or unequal treatment?

A) Education
B) Religion
C) Aptitude
D) Competency
E) Skill

Question 31

_____ is the physical and social separation of dominant and minority groups.

A) Acculturation
B) Assimilation
C) Segregation
D) Pluralism
E) Prejudice

Question 32

Language, geographic roots, food, customs, traditions, and religion are all components of _____.

A) ethnicity
B) race
C) gender
D) cult
E) denomination

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of dominant groups?

A) They are not necessarily the largest in number.
B) They are not culturally distinctive.
C) They are physically indistinguishable.
D) They are lower in social status than minority groups.
E) They have less political power than minority groups.

Question 34

In _____, minority groups maintain many aspects of their original culture while living peacefully with the host culture.

A) ethnocentrism
B) imperialism
C) segregation
D) pluralism
E) genocide

Question 35

_____ is the process of adopting the language, values, beliefs, and other characteristics of the host culture.

A) Acculturation
B) Cultural relativism
C) Segregation
D) Cultural imperialism
E) Rationalization

Question 36

Jackson's family is Jewish.He is proud of his heritage and also identifies himself as a Jew.His self-identification is derived from his _____.

A) race
B) ethnicity
C) cult
D) denomination
E) role

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true of the presence of foreign-born people in the United States?

A) The current proportion of foreign-born U.S.residents is bigger than in the past.
B) The United States has one of the lowest foreign-born rates in the world.
C) The United States admits more immigrants every year than any other nation.
D) Today, the number of undocumented immigrants in the United States has decreased drastically.
E) Today, the foreign born come to the United States primarily from Europe.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true of de facto segregation?

A) It has been replaced by de jure segregation.
B) It is always voluntary in nature.
C) It is due to discrimination in most cases.
D) It is a formal form of separation.
E) It has been declared unconstitutional.

Question 39

_____ was a formal system of racial segregation against black people in South Africa prevalent from the seventeenth century until 1994.

A) Pluralism
B) Acculturation
C) Apartheid
D) Self-fulfilling prophecy
E) Meritocracy

Question 40

Which of the following terms refers to informal segregation?

A) De dato segregation
B) De facto segregation
C) De jure segregation
D) De fideli segregation
E) De integro segregation

Question 41

Pam organized a birthday party for her sister.She invited all of her neighbors, except the new family, the Chos, who recently moved from South Korea.By not inviting the Cho family, which of the following is Pam exhibiting?

A) Scapegoating
B) Stereotyping
C) Acculturation
D) Ethnocentrism
E) Discrimination

Question 42

Danielle, the owner of a large apartment complex, had to decide to whom to rent an apartment.She immediately disregarded the application of Vanessa, a Latino working woman, because Danielle wanted to rent apartments only to whites.Danielle's treatment of Vanessa is an example of _____.

A) institutionalized discrimination
B) individual discrimination
C) institutional discrimination
D) structural discrimination
E) systemic discrimination

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true of African Americans?

A) African Americans are the largest minority group in the United States.
B) The term African American refers to American residents with solely African ancestry.
C) African Americans have higher education levels than Asians.
D) The median family income of African Americans is the lowest of all racial-ethnic groups.
E) African Americans are members of the only group ever brought to the United States voluntarily.

Question 44

According to studies by Allport in 1954 and Feagin and Feagin in 2008, which of the following statements is true of scapegoats?

A) Minorities are difficult to target as scapegoats because of their strong community ties.
B) Scapegoating arises as a result of acculturation.
C) In times of economic hardship, the earliest immigrants are the first to become scapegoats.
D) Minorities are easy targets as scapegoats because they typically differ in physical appearance.
E) Minorities usually strike back against scapegoating.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true of stereotypes?

A) They are always positive.
B) They are always negative.
C) They distort reality.
D) They reinforce individualism.
E) They are easy to change.

Question 46

Anil, an Indian biology professor, went to a community bank to apply for a home loan.The banker told Anil that he would not qualify for a loan.According to the bank's policy, the banker explained, it was risky to offer loans to minority group members because they were not likely to hold a steady job.This scenario illustrates _____.

A) cultural relativism
B) institutional discrimination
C) gendered racism
D) scapegoating
E) pluralism

Question 47

_____ is a set of beliefs that one's own racial group is inherently superior to other groups.

A) Racial prejudice
B) Apartheid
C) Racism
D) Pluralism
E) Racial assimilation

Question 48

_____ are individuals or groups whom people blame for their own problems or shortcomings.

A) Elites
B) Semites
C) Scapegoats
D) Bourgeoisies
E) Proletarians

Question 49

Which of the following statements is true of pluralism?

A) It is the lowest in the dominant-minority group continuum in terms of equality.
B) It is the highest in the dominant-minority group continuum in terms of intolerance.
C) It is especially evident in urban areas with large racial and ethnic communities.
D) It creates a lot of friction between a minority group and the host culture.
E) It involves the complete replacement of a minority group's language by the host culture's language.

Question 50

Izzy, a white teenager, thinks that blacks are born with lower intelligence than other racial groups.Izzy's belief illustrates _____.

A)
Pluralism
B) genocide
C) assimilation
D) apartheid
E) prejudice

Question 51

Which of the following best defines a stereotype?

A) An oversimplified or exaggerated generalization about a group of people
B) A systematic effort to kill all members of a particular racial or ethnic group
C) A visible physical characteristic that members of a society consider socially important
D) A trait of a racial group that characterizes all members of the group
E) A set of beliefs that one's own racial group is inherently superior to other groups

Question 52

Which of the following statements is true of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs)?

A) They are a homogeneous group.
B) They are immigrants to the United States.
C) Their median household income is lower than that of African Americans.
D) Their education levels have decreased more in recent years than those of any other group.
E) They have been in the United States longer than any other group.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true of Latinos?

A) The Latino population is drastically increasing due to immigration.
B) The median household income of Latinos is higher than the national median.
C) Latinos have one of the highest education levels in the United States.
D) The median household income of Latinos is lower than that of American Indians.
E) The median household income of Latinos is higher than that of African Americans.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true of white Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs)?

A) They generally looked down on later waves of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.
B) They viewed later waves of European immigrants as superior, hard-working, and civilized.
C) They shared the same language and religion with later waves of European immigrants.
D) They were all affluent and had no criminal backgrounds.
E) They included immigrants from Australia and New Zealand.

Question 55

Jocelyn recently applied for an internship.When she did not get selected, Jocelyn complained to her friend saying, "They probably gave the internship to a student belonging to a minority group to fill a quota." Jocelyn's comment exemplifies _____.

A) ethnocentrism
B) pluralism
C) tracking
D) scapegoating
E) stereotyping

Question 56

_____ is an attitude that involves forming an opinion about people beforehand, usually in a negative way.

A) Prejudice
B) Apartheid
C) Genocide
D) Pluralism
E) Ethnocentrism

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true of Asian Americans?

A) Asian Indians are the largest Asian American group.
B) Asian Americans have the lowest education levels.
C) More than half of Asian Americans are employed in low-paying jobs.
D) Asian Americans have the highest median household income.
E) Asian Americans are the largest minority group in the United States.

Question 58

While on vacation, Malakai, a black athlete, went to a local restaurant for lunch.Before he could sit down, the owner of the restaurant came out from behind the counter and told Malakai to leave the restaurant because of his skin color.This scenario is an example of _____.

A) institutionalized discrimination
B) individual discrimination
C) institutional discrimination
D) structural discrimination
E) systemic discrimination

Question 59

Which of the following statements best defines discrimination?

A) It is an attitude that prejudges people, usually in a negative way.
B) It is the process of adopting the language, values, and beliefs of the host culture.
C) It is a set of beliefs that one's own racial group is inherently superior to other groups.
D) It is behavior that treats people unequally or unfairly because of their group membership.
E) It is the systematic effort to kill all members of a particular ethnic, religious, political, racial, or national group.

Question 60

In the dominant-minority group relations continuum, which of the following is the highest on both tolerance and equality?

A) Genocide
B) Acculturation
C) Segregation
D) Assimilation
E) Pluralism

Question 61

Discuss the factors responsible for the increase in interracial marriages.

Question 62

Describe pluralism.

Question 63

What is a minority? Discuss the characteristics of a minority.

Question 64

Discuss de facto segregation.

Question 65

_____ refers to marriage or sexual relations between a man and a woman of different races.

A) Ethnocentrism
B) Pluralism
C) Genocide
D) Miscegenation
E) Acculturation

Question 66

Discuss the symbolic-interactionist perspective on racial-ethnic inequality.

Question 67

Discuss how conflict theorists view racial-ethnic inequality.

Question 68

Describe genocide.Provide historical examples of genocide.

Question 69

Explain a racial-ethnic group.

Question 70

Describe institutional discrimination.

Question 71

Discuss the contact hypothesis.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true of Middle Eastern Americans?

A)
Middle Eastern Americans tend to be better educated and wealthier than other Americans.
B) The median income of Arab American households is lower than all other U.S households.
C) Lebanese have lower median family incomes than Iraqis.
D) Middle Eastern Americans are a homogenous group.
E) Lebanese and Syrians have the highest poverty rates.

Question 73

Those who criticize immigrants for not becoming Americanized quickly enough reflect a _____ view of racial-ethnic relations.

A) functionalist
B) radical
C) symbolic-interactionist
D) fundamentalist
E) capitalist

Question 74

Discuss the relationship between prejudice and discrimination.

Question 75

What is individual discrimination?

Question 76

What is prejudice? Discuss with an example.

Question 77

Which of the following statements is a functionalist most likely to agree with?

A) Racial-ethnic inequality persists because it benefits minority groups.
B) If a society is to work harmoniously, newcomers must retain their cultural heritage and values.
C) Racial-ethnic inequality is dysfunctional, but increases many dominant group members' solidarity.
D) Institutional discrimination is ineffective in relegating minorities to low-paying jobs.
E) Immigration is dysfunctional for the host nation even if it gains needed workers.

Question 78

Discuss the functionalist perspective on racial-ethnic inequality.

Question 79

Discuss gendered racism.

Question 80

In the context of the sociological explanations of racial-ethnic inequality,_____ see on going strife between dominant and minority groups.

A) functionalists
B) conflict theorists
C) symbolic interactionists
D) feminist theorists
E) exchange theorists