Deck 37: Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

Question 1

It is feared that the H5N1 strain of influenza virus may be the cause of an influenza pandemic in the near future.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Women of childbearing age should be vaccinated against
A)

A) chickenpox.
B) German measles.
C) shingles.
D) influenza

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Antigenic variation occurs almost yearly with the influenza _________ virus.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Diagnosis of West Nile virus infection is through detection of

A) viral growth in cell cultures.
B) by a rise in neutralizing antibody in a patient's serum.
C) PCR analysis from saliva samples.
D) culture on artificial media.

Question 5

In humans, equine encephalitis can present as a spectrum from fever and headache to ___________ ____________and encephalitis.

Question 6

The rash associated with German measles is most likely caused by

A) the virus infecting the cells of the skin.
B) the virus infecting the cells of the dermal layer beneath the skin.
C) an immunological reaction to the virus.
D) all of the choices

Question 7

Acute respiratory viruses cause

A) rhinitis.
B) tonsillitis.
C) bronchitis.
D) all of the choices

Question 8

Congenital rubella syndrome usually occurs in the time frame of the

A) first trimester of pregnancy.
B) second trimester of pregnancy.
C) third trimester of pregnancy.
D) entire pregnancy.

Question 9

German measles is caused by the __________ virus.

A) rubella
B) herpes-zoster
C) reovirus
D) coxsackievirus A

Question 10

In influenza virus, antigenic shift

A) results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell.
B) results from the accumulation of mutations in HA and NA in a single strain of flu virus.
C) can result in major epidemics or pandemics.
D) results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell and can result in major epidemics or pandemics.

Question 11

West Nile virus has been detected in _________ states of the U.S.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 49
D) 10

Question 12

A feature of smallpox not associated with its eradication from the environment is

A) it has obvious clinical features.
B) it has no known reservoir outside of humans.
C) a short period of infectivity.
D) the availability of effective antiviral agents that block replication.
E) all of the choices

Question 13

Which of the following syndromes may result from infection by an arthropod-borne virus?

A) fevers of undifferentiated type with or without a rash
B) encephalitis, often with a high fatality rate
C) hemorrhagic fevers
D) all of the choices

Question 14

Which of the following drugs has been shown to reduce the duration and symptoms of influenza?

A) penicillin
B) AZT
C) amantadine
D) acyclovir

Question 15

Mumps is caused by a

A) morbillis virus.
B) paramyxovirus.
C) adenovirus.
D) synctial virus.

Question 16

Koplik's spots are small red lesions with a white center that form in the mouth and are associated with

A) mumps.
B) measles.
C) chickenpox.
D) flavivirus infection.

Question 17

The reactivated form of chickenpox is called

A) rubella
B) adenovirus.
C) herpes zoster.
D) rubeola.

Question 18

Antigenic variation is common in influenza B and C but is rare in influenza
A.

Question 19

In those cases of pneumonia for which no cause is determined by laboratory findings, __________ pneumonia can be assumed if __________ pneumonia has been ruled out.

A) viral; mycoplasmal
B) bacterial; viral
C) mycoplasmal; viral
D) mycoplasmal; bacterial

Question 20

Chickenpox is caused by the __________ virus.

A) rubella
B) rubeola
C) coxsackievirus B
D) varicella

Question 21

Warts or verrucae are caused by the papillomaviruses.

Question 22

Which of the following does not transmit the AIDS virus?

A) semen
B) blood
C) vaginal secretions
D) mosquitoes

Question 23

Which of the following drugs is (are) effective against cold sores?

A) vidarabine and acyclovir
B) amantadine
C) AZT and ddC
D) protease inhibitors such as ritonavir

Question 24

Acyclovir is the drug used to treat genital herpes; it

A) cures the disease.
B) reduces the healing time.
C) lyses the virus.
D) all of the choices.

Question 25

Once infected with the AIDS virus, an individual experiences what is called the _________ __________ stage during which the number of T cells in the blood declines.

Question 26

Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?

A) They slow the progress of the disease.
B) They cure the disease.
C) They prevent entry of the virus into cells.
D) They result in lysis of virus particles.

Question 27

Which of the following is the typical mode of transmission for hepatitis C?

A) contaminated blood and blood products
B) inhalation of droplets
C) bite from body louse
D) contaminated shellfish

Question 28

Colds are common because of

A) domestic animals serve as a persistent reservoir.
B) immunity once obtained is not protective.
C) a lack of effective antiviral drugs.
D) the antigenic diversity of the rhinoviruses and the lack of long lasting immunity.

Question 29

Control measures for hepatitis B include

A) excluding contact with contaminated materials.
B) passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure.
C) vaccination of high-risk groups.
D) all of the choices

Question 30

The Epstein-Barr virus is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis.

Question 31

Treatment of mononucleosis is via chemotherapy.

Question 32

Plantar warts represent a sexually transmitted disease.

Question 33

Which of the following is known to activate the genital herpes virus?

A) sunlight
B) stress
C) sexual hormones
D) all of the choices

Question 34

Large-scale screening of blood for the hepatitis B virus uses an assay designed to detect

A) the Delta agent.
B) the Dane particle.
C) viral surface antigens.
D) alanine transaminase.

Question 35

Genital herpes is associated with

A) congenital herpes.
B) cervical cancer.
C) miscarriages.
D) all of these

Question 36

Which of the following can stimulate a reactivation of the virus that causes cold sores?

A) physical stress (fever, cold winds, trauma, hormonal changes)
B) emotional stress
C) ultraviolet light
D) all of the choices

Question 37

The most likely mode of transmission of the common cold is by hand-to-hand contact between a rhinovirus donor and a susceptible recipient.

Question 38

The formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies is associated with cytomegalovirus infection.

Question 39

Coinfection with HIV and Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) can greatly promote the development of cancer in AIDS patients.

Question 40

Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus as well as by the hepatitis viruses.

Question 41

The rabies virus is transmitted to humans by

A) the bite of an infected animal.
B) aerosols of the virus that can be present in caves where bats roost.
C) contamination of scratches with saliva from an infected animal.
D) all of the choices

Question 42

Cold sores or fever blisters are caused by the ________ ________ virus.

Question 43

Acute viral gastroenteritis is the leading cause of death in

A) children worldwide.
B) children in the U.S.
C) children in developing countries.
D) children in day care centers.

Question 44

Infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A) is usually transmitted by

A) fecal-oral contamination of food or drink.
B) sexual activity.
C) contaminated blood.
D) inhalation of droplets.

Question 45

The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is

A) body contact.
B) fomites.
C) food and water.
D) respiratory secretions.

Question 46

Negri bodies are produced within ___________ in rabies infected humans.

A) skeletal muscle
B) connective tissue
C) brain neurons
D) bats

Question 47

Acute viral gastroenteritis can be caused by the

A) norovirus and the rotavirus group.
B) cytomegalovirus and hepatitis
C) the Delta agent.
D) varicella zoster virus and rubeola virus.
E)

Question 48

Prevention and control of rabies includes

A) pre-exposure vaccination of dogs and cats.
B) post-exposure vaccination of humans.
C) pre-exposure vaccination of humans at high risk.
D) all of the choices

Question 49

Who of the following should be vaccinated against rabies?

A) nurses
B) farmers
C) veterinarians
D) physicians

Question 50

The Ebola virus causes

A) encephalitis.
B) pulmonary syndrome.
C) hemorrhagic fever.
D) lassa fever.

Question 51

Most drugs used to slow the progress of AIDS fall into which of the following categories?

A) reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors
B) topoisomerase inhibitors
C) RNA polymerase II inhibitors
D) protein synthesis inhibitors

Question 52

Iatrogenic CJD has been transmitted by prion-contaminated by all of the following except

A) human growth hormone.
B) corneal grafts.
C) liver transplants.
D) grafts of dura mater.

Question 53

A major cause of blindness in the United States that results from the HSV 1 virus is ___________ ___________.

Question 54

A type of tumor associated with AIDS is __________ sarcoma.

Question 55

151 deaths have been attributed to vCJD in the U.S.

Question 56

The AIDS virus becomes established in cells bearing the __________ receptor.