Deck 3: Stress and Stress Management

Question 1

Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.

A) some stress is healthful and necessary to keep us alert and occupied
B) intense and prolonged stress can make us more vulnerable to disorders
C) even occasional stress is dangerously harmful
D) over time, stress can impair our ability to experience pleasure

Answer 1

even occasional stress is dangerously harmful

Question 2

The number one reason that college students seek help at college counseling centers is ______.

A) stress
B) depression
C) academic problems
D) loneliness

Answer 2

stress

Question 3

"Stress" is a concept psychologists have borrowed from ______.

A) biology
B) chemistry
C) paleontology
D) physics

Answer 3

physics

Question 4

In psychology, the demand made on an organism to adapt is called ______.

A) pressure
B) stress
C) anxiety
D) coercion

Question 5

About ______ of adult Americans are concerned with the amount of stress in their lives.

A) one-quarter
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 6

About ______ of American in a recent APA poll reported negative psychological and physical health problems resulting from stress

A) one-quarter
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 7

Byron is feeling very stressed about repeated problems with his college roommates about keeping their apartment clean as well as fears about all of the crime in his neighborhood. The sources of his stress would be best classified as ______.

A) daily hassles
B) life changes
C) uplifts
D) defense mechanisms

Question 8

The opposite of uplifts are ______.

A) life changes
B) daily hassles
C) conflicts
D) downturns

Question 9

Regularly occurring conditions and experiences that can threaten or harm our well-being are ______.

A) life-changes
B) daily hassles
C) acculturative stressors
D) pressures

Question 10

About ______ of Americans say that their stress has increased during the past five years.

A) one-quarter
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 11

Sarah is feeling very stressed because she is lonely and having constant problems with her co-workers. The source of her stress would be best classified as ______.

A) daily hassles
B) life changes
C) uplifts
D) pressures

Question 12

In physics, ______ is defined as pressure or force exerted on a body.

A) stress
B) momentum
C) compression
D) acceleration

Question 13

Irregularly occurring major changes in life circumstances, such as losing a job or a loved one, are called ______

A) life-changes
B) daily hassles
C) acculturative stressors
D) pressures

Question 14

Routine sources of annoyance or aggravation that have a negative impact on health are called ______.

A) daily hassles
B) life changes
C) uplifts
D) pressures

Question 15

The opposite of daily hassles are ______.

A) life changes
B) stressors
C) uplifts
D) distractors

Question 16

Younger adults tend to report ______ older adults.

A) significantly lower levels of stress than
B) slightly lower levels of stress than
C) levels of stress identical to those reported by
D) higher levels of stress than

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the types of hassles described in your text?

A) household hassles
B) inner-concern hassles
C) environmental hassles
D) life-change hassles

Question 18

About ______ of Americans say they face extreme levels of stress in their lives.

A) one-eighth
B) one-quarter
C) one-third
D) one-half

Question 19

In a recent APA poll, the most commonly reported psychological symptom of stress was ______.

A) feeling nervous or sad
B) lack of interest, motivation, or energy
C) feeling as though you could cry
D) feeling irritable and angry

Question 20

"Uplifts" refer to ______.

A) little padded devices short people put in their shoes to look taller
B) positive life changes
C) regularly occurring enjoyable experiences
D) religious conversion experiences

Question 21

Drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen that decrease fever, pain, and inflammation are called ______.

A) endorphins
B) prostaglandins
C) analgesics
D) corticosteroids

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT true of stress?

A) Some stress is necessary to keep us alert and occupied.
B) Of all life changes, only negative life changes are stressful.
C) Some stress can actually improve our performance in many tasks.
D) Stress is your body's reaction to any demand to adapt or cope.

Question 23

Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.

A) African Americans encounter racism in their interactions with European Americans and others, even in "progressive" mostly white colleges and universities
B) because of ongoing racism, most African Americans now attend black colleges
C) even open-minded European American college students often assume that African American college students were admitted on the basis of affirmative action rather than on the basis of their own individual merit
D) some European Americans consider African Americans to be a criminal class

Question 24

Pain usually originates ______.

A) at the point of contact
B) in the brain itself
C) in the spinal cord
D) in the endocrine system

Question 25

Substances derived from fatty acids that are involved in body responses such as inflammation and menstrual cramping are called ______.

A) endorphins
B) prostaglandins
C) analgesics
D) corticosteroids

Question 26

Substances that facilitate the transmission of pain messages to the brain and heighten circulation to injured areas of the body are called ______.

A) endorphins
B) prostaglandins
C) analgesics
D) corticosteroids

Question 27

Analgesic drugs act by ______.

A) inhibiting the production of prostaglandins
B) increasing the transmission of pain messages to the brain
C) locking into receptor sites for chemicals that transmit pain messages to the brain
D) inhibiting the neurons that would normally transmit pain messages to the brain

Question 28

Developing a strong sense of ethnic identity and taking pride in one's culture can boost everything EXCEPT _____________.

A) ability to cope with racism and prejudice
B) role confusion
C) self-esteem
D) physical health

Question 29

Which of the following is true of daily hassles and life changes?

A) Both daily hassles and life changes may involve positive and negative experiences.
B) Both daily hassles and life changes involve only negative experiences.
C) Hassles involve both positive and negative experiences, whereas life changes involve only negative experiences.
D) Hassles involve only negative experiences, whereas life changes involve both positive and negative experiences.

Question 30

The feelings of tension and anxiety that accompany efforts to adapt to the orientation and values of the dominant culture are termed ______ stress.

A) adaptive
B) integrative
C) social isolation
D) acculturative

Question 31

Which of the following is true of daily hassles and life changes?

A) Both daily hassles and life changes occur on a daily basis.
B) Both daily hassles and life changes are relatively infrequent events.
C) Hassles are relatively infrequent events whereas, life changes occur on a daily basis.
D) Hassles occur on a daily basis whereas, life changes are relatively infrequent events.

Question 32

Approximately ______ million Americans suffer from chronic pain.

A) 40
B) 80
C) 120
D) 160

Question 33

______ serves the biological function of attracting infection-fighting blood cells to the affected area to protect it against invading germs.

A) Swelling
B) Coagulation
C) Hemorrhage
D) Inflammation

Question 34

Pain is usually the sharpest where nerve endings are ______.

A) exposed
B) longest
C) shortest
D) densely packed

Question 35

Racism's victims are more likely to experience each of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) feelings of being marginal and alienated
B) role confusion
C) strong identification with the dominant culture
D) a poor self-concept

Question 36

Both daily hassles and life changes have been found to be predictors of ______, according to your text.

A) health problems
B) psychotic behavior
C) stunted growth
D) loneliness

Question 37

Analgesic drugs work by inhibiting the production of ______.

A) endorphins
B) prostaglandins
C) antibodies
D) dopamine

Question 38

Endorphins are ______________ that are composed of chains of amino acids.

A) analgesics
B) prostaglandins
C) antibodies
D) neurotransmitters

Question 39

Research has shown that racism and discrimination are connected with each of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) diminished self-esteem
B) physical health problems
C) schizophrenia
D) role confusion

Question 40

Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.

A) pain messages usually originate deep within the brain itself
B) pain can be felt deep within the body
C) there are no nerve endings for pain in the brain
D) pain is adaptive

Question 41

Which of the following people is likely to experience the least amount of pain?

A) Someone who is pessimistic and takes an active role in pain management
B) Someone who is pessimistic and takes a passive role in pain management
C) Someone who is optimistic and takes a passive role in pain management
D) Someone who is optimistic and takes an active role in pain management

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT one of the methods described in your text as an effective psychological method for managing pain?

A) accurate information
B) distraction and fantasy
C) hypnosis
D) flooding

Question 43

Endorphins are similar to ______ in their functions.

A) Prozac
B) antibiotics
C) morphine
D) prostaglandins

Question 44

The degree to which we experience pain is affected by ______.

A) neither our emotional response nor our physical response to stress
B) our emotional response, but not our physical response to stress
C) our physical response to stress but not our emotional response
D) both our emotional response and our physical response to stress

Question 45

A means of training people to gain some degree of control over internal bodily responses through the use of physiological monitoring that provides information about changes in these responses is ______.

A) gate control
B) acupuncture
C) biofeedback
D) placebo control

Question 46

Endorphins act by ______.

A) inhibiting the production of prostaglandins
B) increasing the transmission of pain messages to the brain
C) locking into receptor sites for chemicals that transmit pain messages to the brain
D) inhibiting the neurons that would normally transmit pain messages to the brain

Question 47

Researchers have found that ______.

A) the amount of information patients have is not related to their ability to manage pain
B) physicians often give people far too much information to help them effectively deal with their pain
C) the less information patients have the better they are able to manage pain
D) obtaining accurate and thorough information often helps people manage pain

Question 48

Naturally occurring neurotransmitters that are chemically similar to morphine and act to relieve pain are called ______.

A) endorphins
B) prostaglandins
C) analgesics
D) corticosteroids

Question 49

A trance state in which the person becomes highly suggestible is ______.

A) a flow state
B) hypnosis
C) REM sleep
D) a sympathetic dominant state

Question 50

According to the ______ theory of pain, the nervous system can only process a limited amount of information at a time.

A) volley
B) broken record
C) response
D) gate

Question 51

Melzack is most closely associated with ______.

A) the gate theory of pain
B) the general adaptation syndrome
C) the study of daily hassles
D) deep muscle relaxation techniques

Question 52

The process of inserting thin needles into particular points in the body and rotating them in order to relieve pain is ______.

A) neuromatrix manipulation
B) acupuncture
C) paradoxical relief
D) biofeedback training

Question 53

We are likely to experience the least pain when the pain is ______.

A) derived from an object we do not fear, we perceive we can change the situation, we have self-confidence, and a history of successful response to stress
B) derived from an object we fear, we perceive that we cannot change the situation, we have little self-confidence, but a history of successful response to stress
C) derived from an object we do not fear, we perceive we cannot change the situation, we have self-confidence, and a history of successful response to stress
D) derived from an object we fear, we perceive we cannot change the situation, we have little self-confidence, and we have a history of unsuccessful responses to stress

Question 54

A treatment method that is often used to help people relax targeted muscle groups that are often tensed during periods of pain is known as ______.

A) biofeedback training
B) acupuncture
C) gate control
D) placebo control

Question 55

Which of the following people is likely to experience the most amount of pain?

A) Someone who is pessimistic and takes an active role in pain management
B) Someone who is pessimistic and takes a passive role in pain management
C) Someone who is optimistic and takes a passive role in pain management
D) Someone who is optimistic and takes an active role in pain management

Question 56

According to your text, hypnosis ______.

A) has not been experimentally studied enough to know if it is a valid method for coping with pain
B) should never be used as a treatment for pain
C) should be used only as an adjunct treatment for pain, not as a substitute for conventional treatments
D) can be used as an adjunct treatment, as well as a substitute for conventional treatments for pain

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT one of the methods described in your text as an effective psychological method for coping with pain?

A) taking control of your thoughts
B) catastrophizing
C) biofeedback training
D) relaxation training

Question 58

Experimental studies show that people report lower levels of pain if they ______.

A) are not warned ahead of time that a medical procedure will be painful
B) focus their attention away from their pain
C) let the sensations of pain "flow" through their conscious awareness
D) focus their attention squarely on the source of their pain

Question 59

Coping with pain has traditionally been a ______ issue.

A) legal
B) medical
C) psychological
D) social/political

Question 60

According to the gate theory of pain, if you feel a pain in your toe, you should ______.

A) squeeze all your toes
B) take an analgesic
C) use fantasy to distract yourself
D) mentally relax yourself

Question 61

Herbert wants to drive his father's car. When he asks, he is told that he is too young (13 years old). The stress he feels as a result of having his refused is called ______.

A) anxiety
B) depression
C) frustration
D) inadequacy

Question 62

According to your text, the ability to delay gratification or to maintain self-control when a motive is thwarted is called ______.

A) frustration
B) response delay
C) tolerance for frustration
D) self-actualization

Question 63

The LEAST stressful form of conflict is a(n)______ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) approach-avoidance conflict
C) multiple approach-avoidance
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 64

Tom is on a strict diet when he sees the most delicious-looking double chocolate cheesecake he has ever seen. Part of him really wants to devour the whole cake, but another part of him can't stop thinking about all the calories in the cake. The type of conflict Tom is experiencing is called a(n) ______ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) approach-avoidance
C) multiple approach-avoidance
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 65

Anxiety and fear serve as ______ that prevent us from acting effectively to meet our goals.

A) catalysts
B) physical limitations
C) emotional barriers
D) response characteristics

Question 66

A conflict that involves two goals, each of which is negative and you would prefer to ignore is called a(n) ______ conflict.

A) approach?-approach
B) approach-avoidance
C) multiple approach-avoidance
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 67

A goal or desire that produces mixed feelings in you because it has both positive and negative qualities and you're not sure which qualities to focus on, produces a(n) ______ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) approach-avoidance
C) multiple approach-avoidance
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 68

According to your text, the process of being torn in two or more directions at the same time by opposing motives is called ______.

A) frustration
B) conflict
C) state anxiety
D) trait anxiety

Question 69

According to your text, if we try to earn other people's approval at all costs, we are likely to experience ______.

A) isolation
B) rejection
C) frustration
D) self-actualization

Question 70

Feeling "darned if you do and darned if you don't" is an example of ______.

A) frustration
B) conflict
C) state anxiety
D) trait anxiety

Question 71

For most people, the stresses of commuting are ______.

A) mild and sporadic
B) mild but persistent
C) severe but sporadic
D) severe and persistent

Question 72

Research by Western scientists into the effectiveness of acupuncture has ______.

A) found no evidence for its effectiveness in treating any types of pain
B) produced mixed results
C) found strong evidence for its usefulness in treating almost all types of pain
D) not yet been conducted on a large enough scale to draw any conclusions

Question 73

Greg is fearful of visiting the dentist, but he is also fearful of having his teeth decay if he does not visit the dentist. He is experiencing a(n) ______ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) approach-avoidance
C) multiple approach-avoidance
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 74

Janice cannot decide whether to take her lottery winnings in a lump sum or in partial payments for the next 20 years. The type of conflict she is experiencing is called a(n) ______ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) approach-avoidance
C) multiple approach-avoidance
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 75

People who have encountered frustration, but learned that it is possible to surmount barriers or find substitute goals, are ______ tolerant of frustration than those who have never experienced it.

A) less
B) just as
C) not at all
D) more

Question 76

A conflict in which each of two or more goals has both positive and negative qualities, making it difficult to decide which goal is better or worse for you, is called a(n) ______ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) approach-avoidance
C) multiple approach-avoidance
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 77

Conflict is ______.

A) neither frustrating nor stressful
B) frustrating but not stressful
C) stressful but not frustrating
D) stressful and frustrating

Question 78

The thwarting of a motive to attain a goal, or something that prevents us from doing or getting what we desire produces ______.

A) anxiety
B) depression
C) frustration
D) inadequacy

Question 79

A conflict that involves two positive but mutually exclusive goals, each of which is within reach, is called a(n) ______ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) approach-avoidance
C) multiple approach-avoidance
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 80

Which of the following is not true?

A) Tolerance for frustration may fluctuate.
B) It is the ability to delay gratification and maintain self-control when a goal is thwarted.
C) Stress heaped upon stress can increase our tolerance for frustration.
D) People who have learned to surmount frustration or find substitute goals for it are more tolerant of frustration.