Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a traditional American feminine stereotype?

A) realistic
B) submissive
C) dependent
D) helpful

Answer 1

realistic

Question 2

A complex cluster of ways in which males and females are expected to behave is a(n) ______.

A) archetype
B) gender identity
C) stereotype
D) gender role

Answer 2

gender role

Question 3

The process by which women often perform worse on math tests after being told that "women do not do well in math," is known as ______.

A) intrinsic insecurity
B) systematic deprivation
C) the Stockholm syndrome
D) stereotype threat

Answer 3

stereotype threat

Question 4

Our sense of maleness of femaleness is our ______.

A) sexual orientation
B) sex role
C) gender identity
D) social orientation

Question 5

Traditionally, in American culture, men have been expected to be strong, independent providers. This expectation of men is known as a(n) ______.

A) archetype
B) sexual orientation
C) stereotype
D) gender role

Question 6

Today, many behavior scientists have argued that masculinity and femininity are ______.

A) independent personality dimensions
B) part of the same personality dimension
C) opposite poles on one continuum
D) indefinable

Question 7

Traditionally in Western cultures, women have been expected to be homemakers, or work in nurturing jobs such as nursing or teaching. This expectation of women is known as a(n) ______.

A) archetype
B) sexual orientation
C) stereotype
D) gender role

Question 8

Our sexuality includes each of the following EXCEPT our ______.

A) social orientation
B) sexual orientation
C) gender identity
D) gender-role behavior

Question 9

The belief that ALL women are emotional is a ______.

A) sex norm
B) stereotype
C) archetype
D) role norm

Question 10

Which of the following is a traditional American masculine stereotype?

A) patient
B) helpful
C) tough
D) dependent

Question 11

Claiming that all women are fickle and illogical is an example of a gender ______.

A) role
B) stereotype
C) identity
D) orientation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a traditional American masculine stereotype?

A) tough
B) self-reliant
C) patient
D) protective

Question 13

Gender-role stereotypes such as "men are logical while women are fickle," are ______.

A) found only in the United States
B) found only in Western industrialized nations
C) found only in non-Western nations
D) widespread throughout the world

Question 14

Behaviors that society deems appropriate for members of our own gender in society are ______.

A) sex role stereotypes
B) gender role behaviors
C) social mores
D) gender identity expectations

Question 15

The possession of stereotypic traits and behavior patterns of both genders is called ______.

A) psychological androgyny
B) empathy
C) psychological transsexualism
D) psychological heterosexuality

Question 16

The direction of our sexual attraction is our ______.

A) sexual orientation
B) sex role
C) gender identity
D) social orientation

Question 17

A fixed conventional idea about a group is a ______.

A) precognition
B) stereotype
C) archetype
D) role norm

Question 18

Most of us consider masculinity and femininity as ______.

A) independent personality dimensions
B) two separate names for the same basic personality characteristics
C) opposite poles of one continuum
D) indefinable

Question 19

Which of the following is a traditional American feminine stereotype?

A) patient
B) rigid
C) tough
D) active

Question 20

A generalized belief about what men and women are like is a gender ______.

A) role
B) stereotype
C) identity
D) orientation

Question 21

A person with which of the following personal characteristics is likely to be LEAST well-adjusted?

A) stereotypically masculine
B) stereotypically feminine
C) undifferentiated
D) psychologically androgynous

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT true of psychologically androgynous people?

A) They feel more comfortable engaging in a wider range of activities.
B) They are less likely to try to help others in need.
C) They are more willing to share the leadership in mixed-sex groups.
D) They show greater self-esteem.

Question 23

Several researchers have argued that the self-esteem benefits of androgyny stem from the ______.

A) greater tolerance for and acceptance of homosexuality in recent years
B) presence of traditionally female traits in both men and women
C) presence of traditionally male traits in both men and women
D) presence of a combination of masculine and feminine traits in men and women

Question 24

So-called "feminine" traits ______.

A) do not contribute to marital happiness, whether found in men or women
B) contribute to marital happiness when found in women, but not in men
C) contribute to marital happiness when found on men, but not in women
D) contribute to marital happiness, whether found in men or women

Question 25

According to the Antill study of marital happiness, the happiest couples were women whose husbands had ______ levels of femininity and men whose wives had ______ levels of femininity.

A) low, low
B) low, high
C) high, low
D) high, high

Question 26

Psychologically ______ people may be more resistant to stress than other people.

A) undifferentiated
B) androgynous
C) traditional
D) opposite

Question 27

People who are low in both stereotypical masculine and feminine traits are ______.

A) undifferentiated
B) androgynous
C) traditional
D) opposite

Question 28

Traditionally greater male knowledge and skill in areas such as world affairs, science, and industry reflects ______.

A) men's greater innate intelligence in these areas
B) systematic exclusion of women from these areas
C) men's greater personal interest in these areas
D) underlying genetic differences in ability in these areas

Question 29

People who possess both stereotypically masculine and feminine traits are ______.

A) undifferentiated
B) androgynous
C) traditional
D) bisexual

Question 30

Undifferentiated women tend to be viewed ______ positively than other women and are ______ satisfied with their marriages than are other women.

A) less, less
B) more, less
C) less, more
D) more, more

Question 31

Assessment of intelligence has ______.

A) shown that males have higher overall levels of cognitive ability than females
B) shown that males are more logical and analytical than females
C) found no overall differences in cognitive abilities between males and females
D) found that females are more sociable and suggestible than males

Question 32

Compared to traditional men, androgynous men are ______ likely to express loving feelings and are ______ tolerant of their wives' or lovers' faults.

A) more; more
B) more; less
C) less; more
D) less; less

Question 33

The Antill study of marital happiness found that which of the following people would be the happiest?

A) husbands whose wives had low levels of femininity
B) husbands whose wives were undifferentiated
C) wives whose husbands had only high levels of masculinity
D) wives whose husbands were androgynous

Question 34

Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.

A) modern life has confirmed our traditional concepts of what it means to be a man or woman
B) throughout history it has been assumed that women and men must be psychologically different
C) understanding psychological gender differences is more complex than understanding biological anatomical differences
D) gender differences are wrapped up in biological, social, cultural, and psychological factors

Question 35

Each of the following is true of psychologically androgynous people EXCEPT ______.

A) they feel more comfortable than others performing a wide range of activities
B) they are more willing than others to share leadership in mixed-gender groups
C) they report greater interest than others in pursuing traditional occupational roles
D) they tend to display more creativity than others

Question 36

Traits such as independence and assertiveness contribute to high self-esteem in ______.

A) neither men nor women
B) men but not women
C) women but not men
D) both men and women

Question 37

A person with which of the following personal characteristics is likely to be MOST well-adjusted?

A) stereotypically masculine
B) stereotypically feminine
C) undifferentiated
D) psychologically androgynous

Question 38

Psychologically ______ people tend to display the most creativity.

A) undifferentiated
B) masculine
C) feminine
D) androgynous

Question 39

______ women are likely to be viewed less positively than other women and are less satisfied with their marriages than are other women.

A) Undifferentiated
B) Androgynous
C) Traditional
D) Opposite

Question 40

Wives of psychologically androgynous husbands are ______ than women whose husbands are traditionally masculine.

A) less satisfied
B) more frustrated
C) more traditional
D) happier

Question 41

Psychological studies of aggression find that ______ behave more aggressively than females do.

A) neither male adults nor male children
B) male adults, but not male children
C) male children, but not male adults
D) male children and male adults

Question 42

Women in our culture are given more latitude than men to express each of the following emotions EXCEPT ______.

A) anger
B) joy
C) sadness
D) love

Question 43

In our culture, ______ to want to combine sex with a romantic relationship.

A) neither men nor women are likely
B) men are more likely than women
C) women are more likely than men
D) both men and women are likely

Question 44

In math, the differences in test performance between males and females are ______.

A) small, but growing
B) large and growing
C) small and narrowing
D) large, but narrowing

Question 45

Girls acquire language somewhat ______ than boys do and girls are far ______ likely to have reading problems.

A) earlier, less
B) later, less
C) earlier, more
D) later, more

Question 46

Research has found that ______.

A) women are genetically superior to men in visual-spatial skills, on average, and men perform at lower levels than women no matter how much they are trained
B) women and men are equal, on average, in visual-spatial skills
C) although women, on average, are weaker in visual-spatial skills, even with brief training they eliminate the gap between theirs and men's skills
D) women, on average, are weaker than men in visual-spatial skills and they remain weaker no matter how much training they are given

Question 47

In our culture, men are ______ interested than women in casual sex and are ______ interested in having more than one sex partner.

A) less, less
B) more, less
C) less, more
D) more, more

Question 48

Among college students, ______.

A) men show far greater aptitude for mathematics than females
B) men show moderately greater aptitude for mathematics than females
C) men and women show equal aptitude for mathematics
D) women show moderately greater aptitude for mathematics than men

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a factor listed by your book as a caution against attaching too much importance to studies that have found gender-based differences in cognitive functioning?

A) the differences are small
B) variation within groups is larger than the variation between groups
C) the differences may reflect sociocultural influences
D) the differences disappear by the time children enter high school

Question 50

Manipulating relationships as a means of inflicting harm on others is known as ______.

A) symbiotic reciprocity
B) relational aggression
C) exchange theory
D) overt hostility

Question 51

Overall, girls show greater ______ abilities than boys, but boys show better ______ abilities than girls.

A) visual-spatial, verbal
B) verbal, musical
C) l musical, visual-spatial
D) verbal, visual-spatial

Question 52

Women exceed men in which of the following?

A) extraversion
B) assertiveness
C) tough-mindedness
D) spatial skills

Question 53

Research suggests that girls are somewhat superior to boys in ______.

A) spatial skills
B) mathematical ability
C) verbal skills
D) overall intelligence

Question 54

Men exceed women in which of the following?

A) extraversion
B) aggressiveness
C) trust
D) cooperation with others

Question 55

Research indicates that in social conversations ______.

A) women are far more talkative than men
B) women are only moderately more talkative than men
C) women and men are equally talkative
D) men are far more talkative than women

Question 56

Which of the following is true of communication style differences between men and women?

A) Women smile less often than men.
B) Men are more likely to reveal their personal experiences in a conversation.
C) Men are more likely to openly express anger.
D) Men or more likely to reveal their feelings in a conversation..

Question 57

According to your text, the small differences that exist between males and females in spatial and math abilities may represent ______.

A) genetic differences
B) brain size and capacity differences
C) flawed methodology in the research
D) sociocultural influences

Question 58

Research suggests that boys are somewhat superior to girls in ______.

A) visual-spatial ability
B) cognitive ability
C) verbal skills
D) overall intelligence

Question 59

Compared to men, women, in terms of social behavior, tend to be ______ cooperative and ______ competitive.

A) less, less
B) less, more
C) more, less
D) more, more

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT true of communication style differences between men and women?

A) Women smile less often than men.
B) Women are more likely to reveal their feelings in a conversation.
C) Women are more likely to reveal their personal experiences in a conversation.
D) Men are more likely to openly express anger.

Question 61

One's psychological awareness of being male or female is known as ______.

A) a gender role
B) sexual orientation
C) differentiation
D) gender identity

Question 62

Michael is biologically/genetically male, but believes he is really a female trapped in the body of the wrong sex. His situation is typical of someone with ______.

A) transvestic fetishism
B) gender identity disorder
C) a paraphilia
D) a sexual orientation disorder

Question 63

Most experts today believe that the development of gender-specific behaviors is due to _______.

A) neither biological nor environmental factors
B) almost exclusively biological factors
C) almost exclusively environmental factors
D) an interaction of biological and environmental factors

Question 64

Prenatal differentiation of sex organs of a fetus in the mother's womb is due to ______.

A) environmental influences
B) sex hormones
C) the mother's weight
D) the mother's diet

Question 65

Transgendered individuals are also called ______.

A) hermaphrodites
B) transsexuals
C) bisexuals
D) transvestites

Question 66

The process of going from being male to female, or vice versa, is termed gender ______.

A) identification
B) transfusion
C) reassignment
D) clarification

Question 67

Adults with gender identity disorder are also known as ______.

A) transgendered individuals
B) transvestites
C) bisexuals
D) hermaphrodites

Question 68

Jayne is physically a female, but psychologically perceives herself as being a male. The American Psychiatric Association labels this phenomenon ______.

A) gender identity disorder
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) a sexual dysfunction
D) sexual orientation disorder

Question 69

Manipulating relationships as a means of inflicting harm upon others is called ______ aggression.

A) relational
B) androgynous
C) passive
D) coy

Question 70

A developing movement within psychology that seeks to apply the theory of evolution to explaining human social behavior is ______ psychology.

A) physiological
B) anthropological
C) social
D) evolutionary

Question 71

Research indicates that boys are ______ likely than girls to engage in physical aggression and ______ likely than girls to engage in relational aggression.

A) less, less
B) less, more
C) more, less
D) more, more

Question 72

A statement about whether one is attracted to members of one's own sex, or the opposite sex, or both sexes, is known as ______.

A) gender identity
B) a sex role
C) gender typing
D) sexual orientation

Question 73

Adults with gender identity disorder are also known as ______.

A) transsexuals
B) transvestites
C) bisexuals
D) hermaphrodites

Question 74

Expressing aggression by excluding others from groups or by starting rumors about them, are both types of ______ aggression.

A) relational
B) androgynous
C) passive
D) coy

Question 75

Which of the following people is MOST likely to request sexual reassignment surgery?

A) a transvestite
B) a homosexual
C) a bisexual
D) a transsexual

Question 76

Researchers have found ______ of the brain.

A) no gender differences in the functioning and organization
B) gender differences in the functioning, but not the organization
C) gender differences in the organization, but not the functioning
D) gender differences in the organization and the functioning

Question 77

Your text suggests that sex hormones in utero ______.

A) only influence the development of male and female sex organs
B) appear to have no measurable effect on the developing fetus
C) influence the development of male and female sex organs and may masculinize or feminize the brain
D) may cause the child to begin sexual activity earlier than normal

Question 78

The processes by which males and females develop psychological gender differences are known as ______.

A) gender identity
B) differentiation
C) gender typing
D) sexual orientation

Question 79

People whose gender identity is the opposite of their anatomical (chromosomal) gender are known as ______.

A) transvestites
B) bisexuals
C) transsexuals
D) hermaphrodites

Question 80

Researchers have found that children born with ambiguous genitalia tend to develop ______.

A) no gender identity at all
B) a gender identity consistent with their sex chromosomal pattern
C) a gender identity opposite of their sex chromosomal pattern
D) a gender identity consistent with that with which they were reared, regardless of their sex chromosomal pattern