Deck 14: Psychology and Physical Health

Question 1

____ refers to malignant cell growth, which may occur in many organ systems in the body.

A) Cancer
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Myocardial ischemia
D) Coronary heart disease

Answer 1

Cancer

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with the Type B personality?

A) impatient
B) easy-going
C) competitive
D) time-conscious

Answer 2

easy-going

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics is least closely associated with the Type B personality?

A) patient
B) easy-going
C) competitive
D) relatively relaxed

Answer 3

competitive

Question 4

Which component of Type A behavior seems to be most responsible for the increased rate of heart attacks?

A) hostility
B) highly driven work goals
C) competitiveness
D) impatience

Question 5

Before the 20th century, the principal threats to health in our society were

A) farm accidents.
B) heart diseases.
C) contagious diseases.
D) various forms of cancer.

Question 6

Which of the following is not considered a chronic disease?

A) cancer
B) stroke
C) influenza
D) heart disease

Question 7

Which of the following is known to be the principal cause of coronary heart disease?

A) diabetes
B) atherosclerosis
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding hostile individuals is not accurate?

A) They probably create additional stress for themselves.
B) They are likely to get more exercise than Type B individuals.
C) They tend to have less social support than others.
D) They appear to exhibit greater physiological reactivity than Type B individuals.

Question 9

Angina is

A) a psychosomatic condition.
B) chest pain.
C) a mild heart attack.
D) a heart attack.

Question 10

____ is the gradual narrowing of the coronary arteries.

A) Cancer
B) Influenza
C) Atherosclerosis
D) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 11

Hank continually loses his temper when waiting in lines. He has very little patience for other people and is driven to be highly successful. Hank's personality is called

A) Type A
B) Type AeH
C) hostile subtype
D) domineering subtype

Question 12

A heart attack is called

A) atherosclerosis.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) a myocardial ischemia.
D) a myocardial infarction.

Question 13

The name of the condition when the heart is temporarily deprived of adequate blood flow is

A) atherosclerosis.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) myocardial ischemia.
D) myocardial infarction.

Question 14

____ play a larger role in chronic diseases than contagious diseases.

A) Lifestyles
B) Viruses
C) Infections and viruses
D) Lifestyles and stress

Question 15

The evidence linking psychological factors to the onset of cancer is

A) strong.
B) moderate.
C) relatively weak.
D) non-existent; little research has been done.

Question 16

Bobby has had overwhelming feelings of sadness and despair for the last six months. A psychologist would likely categorize him as having

A) Type A personality.
B) dysthymic personality.
C) persistent sadness disorder.
D) depression.

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with the Type A personality?

A) hostile
B) patient
C) permissive
D) cooperative

Question 18

The Type A behavior pattern is most closely linked to which of the following physical ailments?

A) cancer
B) asthma
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) coronary heart disease

Question 19

____ psychology is the area concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health.

A) Health
B) Clinical
C) Community
D) Psychosociology

Question 20

The greatest threat to health in our society today is posed by

A) homicide.
B) chronic diseases.
C) contagious diseases.
D) environmental toxins.

Question 21

Which of the following has been found to impair immune functioning in animals?

A) shock
B) restraint
C) crowding
D) all of these

Question 22

People have a tendency to ____ the risk of their own health-impairing habits, and ____ the risks associated with others' self-destructive behaviors.

A) overestimate; underestimate
B) underestimate; overestimate
C) accurately view; overestimate
D) underestimate; accurately view

Question 23

Who is most likely to have an impact on their immune function?

A) Ray, whose wife died
B) Janet, whose house burned down
C) George, who totaled his car
D) Beatrice, who cares for her child with cerebral palsy

Question 24

Which of the following is considered one of the common warning signs of alcoholism?

A) serving alcoholic drinks to close relatives
B) drinking to relieve uncomfortable feelings
C) having several drinks at a social gathering
D) having dreams in which alcohol is consumed

Question 25

Research shows that smoking increases the likelihood of developing

A) cancer.
B) heart disease.
C) arteriosclerosis.
D) all of these.

Question 26

Dr. VanGundy is researching the relationship between stress and subsequent health in normal individuals. He is likely to find a correlation around

A) .10.
B) .25.
C) .40.
D) .60.

Question 27

Studies of the immune system in humans have found that stress

A) has very little effect on immune activity.
B) can lead to the destruction of lymphocytes.
C) is related to increased levels of immune activity.
D) is related to decreased levels of immune activity.

Question 28

The strength of the relationship between stress and health is

A) very weak.
B) weak.
C) modest.
D) strong.

Question 29

The immune response is

A) a series of steps taken by Type A personalities.
B) the body's defensive reaction to invasion.
C) one of the isolation effects of depression.
D) none of these.

Question 30

In the U.S., about ____% of females and ____% of males smoke.

A) 21; 26
B) 26; 21
C) 26; 26
D) 21; 21

Question 31

In the U.S., college students smoke ____ compared to the general population.

A) more for males; less for female
B) less for males; more for females
C) less for males and females
D) more for males and females

Question 32

Research shows that long-term success rates for efforts to quit smoking are about ____ percent.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 80

Question 33

On college campuses, alcohol appears to contribute to about ____ percent of student rapes.

A) 20
B) 50
C) 75
D) 90

Question 34

Researchers have found a correlation between reduced immune activity and scores on

A) Weschler Intelligence Scale.
B) Somatic Rating Scale.
C) several occupational interest inventories.
D) the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

Question 35

Health risks after quitting smoking decline until they reach a normal level after about

A) 1 year.
B) 5 years.
C) 10 years.
D) 15 years.

Question 36

Virtually all of the research on stress and physical health in humans is

A) anecdotal.
B) correlational.
C) experimental.
D) observational.

Question 37

Which of the following has been shown to increase the risk of such diseases as lung cancer, arteriosclerosis, and emphysema?

A) obesity
B) smoking
C) poor nutrition
D) lack of exercise

Question 38

Excessive drinking is correlated with which of the following?

A) heart disease
B) stomach cancer
C) cirrhosis of the liver
D) all of these

Question 39

In our society, alcohol is associated with which of the following crimes?

A) murder
B) child abuse
C) spouse abuse
D) all of these

Question 40

The most likely explanation for people's tendency to act in self-destructive ways is that

A) people have an innate desire for sensation seeking.
B) most people tend to believe that bad things happen to bad people.
C) many health-impairing habits involve activities that are quite pleasant at the time.
D) people engage in health-impairing behavior "on the spur of the moment," without giving much thought to the consequences.

Question 41

An exercise activity that you find enjoyable

A) is likely to increase the physical benefits of exercise.
B) makes it easier to follow through and exercise regularly.
C) tends to detract from the psychological benefits of exercise.
D) reduces the likelihood that you'll get caught in the "competition trap".

Question 42

____ may increase one's risk for cardiovascular disease.

A) Eating fish
B) Consuming omega 3 fatty acids
C) Avoiding processed meats
D) Eating a low-fiber diet

Question 43

Researchers have found that in terms of their weight, adult adoptees tend to resemble their____ more than their ____.

A) adoptive parents; biological parents
B) biological parents; adoptive parents
C) adoptive siblings; biological siblings
D) biological siblings; adoptive siblings

Question 44

In order to lose one pound, you need to burn up ____ more calories than you consume.

A) 500
B) 1000
C) 3500
D) 5000

Question 45

It's a good idea to increase consumption of complex carbohydrates, natural sugars, and ample fiber. You can do this by eating more food from which of the following groups?

A) breads and cereals
B) fish, chicken, turkey
C) milk and milk products
D) fruits, vegetables, whole grains

Question 46

Nutritional deficiencies among Americans are most likely a result of

A) low income.
B) lack of knowledge about nutrition.
C) inability to find appropriate foods.
D) emphasis in the media on "convenience" foods.

Question 47

The main function of vitamins and minerals is to

A) strengthen the immune system.
B) provide energy sources for the body.
C) help release energy from other foods.
D) provide roughage to facilitate digestion.

Question 48

____ provide(s) roughage that facilitates digestion.

A) Fiber
B) Protein
C) Vitamins
D) Minerals

Question 49

Ahmed maintains a diet high in serum cholesterol, eating an abundance of eggs, cheese, butter, and shellfish. Ahmed may well be increasing his risk of

A) arthritis.
B) emphysema.
C) heart disease.
D) all of these.

Question 50

Which of the following is not considered a nutrient essential for physical well-being?

A) fats
B) starchoglycens
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates

Question 51

Which of the following groups of nutrients supplies the body with energy?

A) vitamins, minerals, fiber
B) proteins, fats, carbohydrates
C) cholesterol, vitamins, glucose
D) polyunsaturated, fiber, amino acids

Question 52

Typically, people are considered obese if their weight exceeds their ideal body weight by ____ percent.

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Question 53

____ is a disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus.

A) HIV
B) Hemophilia
C) Myocardial ischemia
D) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 54

Recent studies suggest that physical fitness is associated with a decreased risk for which of the following?

A) colon cancer in men
B) breast cancer in women
C) reproductive cancer in women
D) all of these

Question 55

High caffeine consumption is likely to elevate one's risk for

A) depression.
B) hypertension.
C) prostate cancer.
D) all of these.

Question 56

Which of the following nutritional habits can increase susceptibility to a variety of diseases and health problems?

A) obesity
B) high fat diets
C) low fiber diets
D) all of these

Question 57

Which of the following is not good advice for devising an exercise program?

A) Increase your participation gradually.
B) Exercise regularly without overdoing it.
C) Look for an activity that you will find enjoyable.
D) You should try to "exercise through" any minor injuries.

Question 58

To benefit from exercise, you need to exercise

A) strenuously on a regular basis.
B) a light amount daily.
C) a moderate amount three times a week.
D) carefully for the first year.

Question 59

Eric's objection to exercise is that the dangers of muscular and skeletal injuries, not to mention heart attacks, far outweigh the benefits. Given the research, which of the following would be an appropriate response?

A) He's right. All he really needs to do is monitor his diet.
B) He's right. All he really needs to do is eliminate his health-impairing habits.
C) He's wrong. The hazards he mentions have not been supported by research.
D) He's wrong. The dangers can be minimized by carefully planning an exercise program.

Question 60

Harry wants to lose 50 pounds. He should

A) sharply increase his exercise.
B) sharply reduce his food intake.
C) decrease his food intake and increase his exercise, both in moderate ways.
D) sharply increase his exercise while simultaneously reducing his food intake dramatically.

Question 61

Which of the following factors is likely to be the most important in increasing patients' adherence to medical advice?

A) more detailed instructions from the practitioner
B) a larger number of practitioners from which to choose
C) the dissemination of literature about common medical problems
D) the communication process between the practitioner and the patient

Question 62

For which of the following reasons is someone most likely to play the sick role?

A) to escape the demands of others
B) to deflect attention from themselves
C) to establish the basis for a malpractice lawsuit
D) to continue to receive medical insurance payments

Question 63

Physical distress caused by the termination of drug use is called

A) extinction.
B) tolerance.
C) withdrawal illness.
D) reverse tolerance.

Question 64

Which of the following is not considered a common barrier to effective provider-patient communication?

A) Many providers use too much medical jargon.
B) Medical visits are usually very brief, allowing little time for discussion.
C) Some patients are evasive about their real concerns because they fear a serious diagnosis.
D) Some providers are reluctant to challenge their patients' subjective interpretation of their own symptoms.

Question 65

U.S. heterosexuals are generally ____ from HIV ____.

A) safe; because it is generally confined to homosexuals and drug users
B) unsafe; because HIV infection rates are relatively equal among most groups
C) safe; if you share information about former lovers with your partner
D) unsafe; because partners tend to not fully disclose past sexual history

Question 66

Because she quit an addictive drug Michelle is experiencing fatigue, apathy, and irritability. Michelle is probably withdrawing from

A) barbiturates.
B) stimulants.
C) marijuana.
D) LSD.

Question 67

Tolerance involves

A) physical dependence on a drug.
B) psychological dependence on a drug.
C) gradual increase in responsiveness to a drug with continued use.
D) progressive decrease in responsiveness to a drug with continued use.

Question 68

Which of the following is least likely to be a consequence of playing the "sick role"?

A) decreased demands from others
B) delayed professional care
C) increased concern from others
D) increased affection from others

Question 69

AIDS is the final stage of the HIV infection process, which typically manifests itself about ____ years after the original infection.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 8
D) 15

Question 70

Because he quit an addictive drug Michael is experiencing vomiting, diarrhea, chills, and tremors. Michael is probably withdrawing from

A) barbiturates.
B) stimulants.
C) marijuana.
D) LSD.

Question 71

People who are eager to seek medical care are most likely to be which of the following?

A) psychotic
B) extraverted
C) playing the sick role
D) high in sensation seeking

Question 72

When a person must continue to take a drug in order to avoid withdrawal illness the person has developed

A) abuse.
B) tolerance.
C) physical dependence.
D) psychological dependence.

Question 73

Abstinence syndrome is another term for

A) abuse.
B) withdrawal illness.
C) physical dependence.
D) psychological dependence.

Question 74

Where is HIV infection increasing the fastest?

A) among U.S. heroin users
B) among European homosexuals
C) among South American prostitutes
D) among African heterosexuals

Question 75

People are most likely to follow the instructions they receive from health care professionals when

A) the instructions are punctuated with impressive medical jargon.
B) they like, respect, and understand the health care professional.
C) they don't fully understand the instructions, but feel the need to do something.
D) all of these.

Question 76

Worldwide, which of the following is the most common mode of transmission of the HIV virus?

A) sharing food
B) heterosexual relations
C) sexual contact among homosexual men
D) the sharing of needles by intravenous drug users

Question 77

Which of the following is good advice for minimizing the risk of developing AIDS?

A) You should have sexual contact with fewer partners.
B) Intravenous drug users should use sterilized needles for drug injection.
C) You should curtail sexual behaviors that increase the probability of mixing semen and blood.
D) All of these statements constitute good advice.

Question 78

Which of the following statements about AIDS is accurate?

A) Having AIDS and being infected with HIV are basically the same thing.
B) People who donate blood on a regular basis are in danger of contracting AIDS.
C) AIDS can be readily transmitted through casual contact with infected individuals.
D) HIV carriers often remain healthy and symptom-free for many years after they are infected.

Question 79

Treatment with which of the following has recently been found to hold promise for substantially longer survival for AIDS victims?

A) Prozac
B) exhibitory retrovirus therapy
C) intense inhibitors
D) highly active antiretroviral therapy

Question 80

When a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy an intense emotional and mental craving the person has developed

A) abuse.
B) tolerance.
C) physical dependence.
D) psychological dependence.