Deck 2: The History and Social Context of Nursing

Question 1

To which early nursing leader is attributed the founding of the American Red Cross?

A) Clara Barton
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Lavinia Lloyd Dock

Answer 1

Clara Barton

Question 2

A recent trend in nursing has been an increase in the number of men and women with degrees in other fields or other careers applying to nursing programs. What is the single most important reason for this trend?

A) Nursing as a career has gained increased status and prestige.
B) Nursing salaries have outpaced many other fields.
C) A nursing career provides both job security and meaningful employment.
D) Working conditions in nursing have improved.

Answer 2

A nursing career provides both job security and meaningful employment.

Question 3

What specialty of nursing was considered well suited for men at a time when other areas were excluding men from practicing?

A) Obstetric nursing
B) Pediatric nursing
C) Psychiatric nursing
D) Nurse educator

Answer 3

Psychiatric nursing

Question 4

When surveyed, which profession was chosen by the general public as highest in honesty and ethics?

A) Physician
B) Pharmacist
C) Nurse
D) Attorney

Question 5

Which of the following trends in health care delivery that began in the second half of the twentieth century continues today?

A) Widespread use of team nursing to address the nursing shortage
B) Massive movement of nurses out of acute care and into home care
C) Advent of primary care to replace specialized care
D) Provision of care to the poor, elderly, and disabled through Medicare and Medicaid

Question 6

Which one of the following events occurring during the first decade of the twentieth century brought sweeping changes to nursing?

A) It was required that all practicing nurses be licensed.
B) Permissive licensing laws allowed registered nurses (RNs) to practice without a license if they registered with the state.
C) All states required a standardized licensing examination.
D) Nurses had to pass a licensing examination to use the title RN.

Question 7

What was the purpose of the Hill-Burton Act?

A) It established funding for the construction of hospitals.
B) It provided women in the service with military rank.
C) It established and funded the Frontier Nursing Service.
D) It created the Cadet Nurse Corps.

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes how the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 became a pivotal point in the history of nursing education in the United States?

A) Florence Nightingale's work on sanitation and its relationship to mortality rates was finally recognized.
B) The organization today known as the NLN was formed to address issues in nursing education.
C) The American Nurses Association (ANA) was formed to oversee nursing education in the United States.
D) The International Council of Nurses (ICN) was formed to enhance collaboration between practicing nurses and educators.

Question 9

Which early nursing leader founded the first training school for nurses that would later become a model for early nursing education?

A) Dorothea Dix
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Clara Barton
D) Mary Ann Bickerdyke

Question 10

Which of the following nursing leaders, because of her work in the Henry Street Settlement, is considered the founder of public health nursing?

A) Margaret Sanger
B) Clara Barton
C) Lillian Wald
D) Lavinia Lloyd Dock

Question 11

Which of the following was an unsuccessful attempt by the American Medical Association (AMA) to alleviate the nursing shortage of the time?

A) Creation of the nurse manager position
B) Creation of the registered care technician
C) Recruitment of RNs from English-speaking countries
D) Redistribution of qualified nurses to certain geographic locations

Question 12

Which early nursing organization is credited with first recommending state registration for nurses?

A) ICN
B) NLN
C) ANA
D) National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses

Question 13

What was the most significant impact on the profession of nursing made by Mary Breckenridge in her role as a frontier nurse?

A) She demonstrated that nurses could provide primary care in rural settings.
B) She demonstrated that female nurses could protect themselves in unsettled rural environments.
C) She demonstrated that nurses were capable of teaching new mothers to care for babies.
D) She demonstrated that nurses could provide care to many clients despite geographic boundaries.

Question 14

A shift in population growth is expected to place stress on nursing resources. Which age-group is expected to experience the greatest population growth in the next decade?

A) Older than 85 years of age
B) 75 to 85 years of age
C) 35 to 65 years of age
D) 18 to 35 years of age

Question 15

Despite the caring efforts of early public health nurses in the Henry Street Settlement, racial disparity left many people underserved. Which of the following African-American public health nurses was instrumental in providing excellent nursing care to underserved families despite these social challenges?

A) Jessie Sleet Scales
B) Margaret Sanger
C) Lavinia Lloyd Dock
D) Anita M. McGee

Question 16

In 2002 which major American corporation partnered with nursing to design a media campaign to promote the image of nursing?

A) Johnson & Johnson
B) Baxter
C) Microsoft
D) Wal-Mart

Question 17

In which practice area was the first clinical nurse specialist (CNS) role developed?

A) Mother-baby
B) Psychiatric nursing
C) Intensive care nursing
D) Emergency nursing

Question 18

When surveyed, what is the primary reason given by men for entering nursing?

A) To make a difference
B) High salaries
C) Flexible schedules
D) Opportunity for travel

Question 19

Who was the first educated African-American professional nurse?

A) Linda Richards
B) Phoebe Pember
C) Sojourner Truth
D) Mary Eliza Mahoney

Question 20

What were some of the application requirements of nursing education programs in the 1900s?

A) Male, intelligent, strong
B) Female, sensitive, subservient
C) Female, docile, from poor background
D) Male, high breeding, independent

Question 21

Florence Nightingale is often credited as being the first nurse researcher. This designation is based on

A) her methods of reorganizing British hospitals.
B) her use of data on the morbidity and mortality of soldiers in hospitals in Scutari.
C) demonstration that trained nurses provided better nursing care.
D) publication of Notes on Nursing, the first scholarly nursing publication.

Question 22

Biomedical technology involves the use of complex machines or devices in patient care situations. Because of the highly technological environment in which nurses work, it is important that nurses

A) assume total responsibility for monitoring data generated by these devices.
B) use human touch and words of reassurance frequently to convey caring.
C) maintain the device's safety by assuring routine assessment by physicians.
D) be careful not to frighten the patient and family with information about the device.

Question 23

What was the most important influence of war on nursing?

A) It allowed for the development of hospitals.
B) Nurses were able to perform medical procedures during war.
C) Improved medical care increased soldiers' survival rates.
D) It provided for the creation of new technology to make work easier.

Question 24

Provisions of the Affordable Care Act include (Select all that apply.)

A) lifetime limits of catastrophic care insurance will cover.
B) children up to age 26 being allowed to stay on parents' insurance.
C) disallowing denial of coverage for children and teens' preexisting conditions.
D) the right to appeal coverage decisions.
E) recommended preventative services without out-of-pocket cost to consumers.

Question 25

The nursing profession is responsible for improving its own image. The most effective avenue for changing the image of nursing is to

A) write letters expressing concerns to those responsible for negative images on television and in films.
B) have nurses as consultants to the media to ensure that the media producers have accurate information about nursing.
C) have nurses appear and behave professionally and explain what nurses do in each patient interaction.
D) support the Johnson & Johnson campaign by distributing their information about nursing to students interested in nursing.

Question 26

Nursing practices during the Civil War advanced the cause of professional nursing. The move toward formal education and training was supported by (Select all that apply.)

A) endorsement by the Catholic nursing orders (Sisters of Charity, Sisters of Mercy, and Sisters of the Holy Cross).
B) a proposal by Dr. Samuel Gross in 1869 that large hospitals develop training schools for nurses.
C) reports of inadequate conditions in hospitals reported by social reformers after the Civil War.
D) lobbying by the United States Sanitary Commission for the creation of nursing schools.
E) the appointment of Dorothea Dix as Superintendent of Women Nurses of the (Union) Army.

Question 27

Historically, one solution that attempted to correct the shortage of RNs was to increase the supply of nurses. Means of increasing the supply of nurses included (Select all that apply.)

A) implementation of team nursing.
B) use of "traveling nurses."
C) development of associate degree programs.
D) importation of nurses from English-speaking countries.
E) use of registered care technicians.

Question 28

Margaret Sanger, as a nurse and activist, worked on the Lower East Side of New York City in the early 1900s with immigrant women. What was the focus of her work?

A) Sanitation to prevent disease transmission
B) Health education for children
C) Providing nursing care to underserved African-American families
D) Safe contraception and family planning for women

Question 29

The first trained nurse in the United States graduated in 1873 and later became the supervisor of the Boston Training School. Who was this nurse?

A) Mary Ann Bickerdyke
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Linda Richards
D) Sallie Thompkins

Question 30

During the Great Depression, staffing of hospitals changed with an impact lasting to the current day. What was this change?

A) The employment of graduate nurses in hospitals
B) The need for increased private duty nurses and rural health nurses decreased the number of nurses seeking employment in hospitals
C) The opening of more schools of nursing in hospitals
D) The increased number of collegiate schools of nursing, which allowed hospitals to increase the educational requirements for the staff

Question 31

The diversity of the population entering the health care system is a challenge for nurses because

A) the portion of minorities in nursing is greater than the portion of minorities in the general population.
B) educators are culturally competent leaders for nurses and students.
C) lessons about culture and cultural differences are not part of progressive education programs.
D) ethnic minority group nurses are approximately 12% of nurses.