Deck 1: Psychology: The Science of Behaviour

Question 1

According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective,the main motivations for behaviour are:

A) biological processes
B) environmental consequences of behaviour
C) unconscious conflicts
D) conscious cognitive processes
E) sociocultural factors

Answer 1

unconscious conflicts

Question 2

The philosophical school of thought that proposed that all human behaviour can be accounted for by,and reduced to,biological processes was referred to as:

A) functionalism
B) rationalism
C) mind-body dualism
D) monism
E) gestaltism

Answer 2

monism

Question 3

According to the sociocultural perspective,the rules that specify what is and is not acceptable behaviour for members of a group (such as what men and women should wear or how to act in different social situations)are called

A) standards.
B) styles.
C) practices.
D) norms.
E) models.

Answer 3

norms.

Question 4

Professor Lewin studies aggression.She wants to know how various programs can decrease bullying at school.Her research is best described as

A) applied research.
B) basic research.
C) a broad spectrum approach.
D) psychodynamic research.
E) dualism.

Question 5

Culture A places an emphasis on self-expression and pursuing personal interests.Culture B values group goals and maintaining harmony within the group.Which of the following statements are TRUE?

A) an example of culture A is China;an example of culture B is Canada
B) culture A is considered to be more individualistic;culture B is considered more collectivistic
C) culture A is considered to be more collectivistic;culture B is considered to be more individualistic
D) culture B would follow the principles of sociobiology while culture A would not
E) there should be little difference between the two cultures

Question 6

Wilhelm Wundt is credited with which of the following?

A) He opened the first psychology laboratory in 1879
B) He founded Gestalt perspective
C) He developed the functional approach
D) He studied the cognitive process of young children
E) He developed the first intelligence test

Question 7

Charles Whitman was a mass murderer with no previous history of violence.After Whitman committed several murders and suicide,an autopsy revealed that he had a malignant tumour in an area of the brain associated with aggression.Psychologists who cite this fact in an attempt to explain his aggressive acts are focused on which level of analysis?

A) psychological
B) environmental
C) biological
D) structural
E) sociocultural

Question 8

A psychologist emphasizes individual values and choice and how people can fulfill their own potential.Most likely,she follows the

A) behavioural perspective.
B) psychodynamic perspective.
C) cognitive perspective.
D) humanistic perspective.
E) Gestalt tradition

Question 9

Evolutionary theory assumes that individuals who receive a competitive advantage from inherited traits will be more likely to survive,reproduce,and thus pass on these adaptive traits to future generations.This process is known as

A) natural endurance.
B) natural segregation.
C) natural selection.
D) natural survival.
E) natural extinction.

Question 10

Professor Jonas studies aggression.She sets up an experiment and makes her best guess as to how the results will come out.This best illustrates psychology's central goal of

A) explanation.
B) prediction.
C) description.
D) explanation
E) criticism

Question 11

Behaviourism gave rise to a set of behaviour change techniques that are known as

A) behaviour creation.
B) cognitive behavior therapy.
C) behaviour enhancement.
D) behaviour modification.
E) behaviour remodelling.

Question 12

Which one of the following is NOT associated with the sociobiology?

A) understanding why women have a greater investment than men in the reproductive process
B) examining human information processes and problem-solving strategies
C) understanding why males tend to be more aggressive than females
D) understanding why parents will sacrifice their own lives in order to ensure the survival of their children based on the notion that genetic survival is more important than individual survival
E) all of these statements are not associated with sociobiology

Question 13

Which of the following major perspectives in psychology is most similar to empiricism?

A) behavioural perspective
B) psychodynamic perspective
C) Gestalt perspective
D) cognitive perspective
E) biological perspective

Question 14

Which of the following statement is TRUE from the perspective of monism?

A) studying the body won't tell us anything about the mind
B) the mind is separated from the body
C) mental events are not a product of physical events
D) studying the body will enable us to learn more about the mind
E) none of the answers are true from the perspective of monism

Question 15

After being exposed to certain sounds during an experiment,participants are asked to describe their inner experiences.This study is an example of studying

A) insight.
B) introspection.
C) perception.
D) natural selection.
E) interaction.

Question 16

According to the text,in order to obtain a complete understanding of behavior we need to

A) focus our attention on the environmental and biological levels of analysis.
B) focus our attention on the psychological and biological level of analysis.
C) move back and forth between different levels of analysis.
D) focus our attention on the psychological level of analysis.
E) select one of the three levels of analysis and apply it rigorously.

Question 17

During his sessions,Dr.Brown discusses with his patients their conscious motives,choices,and discovering their full potential.Dr.Brown conducts therapy from what type of perspective?

A) psychoanalytic
B) behavioural
C) cognitive
D) biological
E) humanistic

Question 18

Dr.Smith is a psychologist who is interested in studying aggression in sports.For her research,she attends high school basketball games and records the number of aggressive acts she observes.Dr.Smith's research is best viewed as meeting psychology's basic goal of ______________.

A) description
B) understanding
C) prediction
D) control
E) treatment

Question 19

Dr.Jones and Dr.Adams are both psychologists who work in the area of bullying.Dr.Jones is interested in how often bullying happens and the factors involved in bullying.Dr.Adams on the other hand,is interested in developing an intervention in helping victims of school bullying,feel better about themselves.Which one of the following statement is true?

A) Dr.Jones' work is best described as insight research;Dr.Adams' work is best described as basic research
B) Dr.Jones' work is best described as applied research;Dr.Adams' work is best described as basic research
C) Dr.Jones' work is best described as basic research;Dr.Adams' work is best described as applied research
D) Dr.Jones' work is best described as applied research;Dr.Adams' work is best described as interaction research
E) Dr.Jones' work is best described as interaction research;Dr.Adams' work is best described as insight research

Question 20

The sociocultural and behavioural perspectives are similar in that both emphasize:

A) the importance of internal mental factors
B) the role of the environment on the development of behaviour
C) the effect of biological factors on behaviour
D) the importance of innate human drives to actualize potential
E) the importance of unconscious motivation

Question 21

Professor Springer studies the influence of perfume on an individual's mood.At what level of analysis is this research?

A) biological
B) psychological
C) environmental
D) applied
E) basic

Question 22

If we wanted to understand depression from a biological level,we might look at _____,but at the psychological level we would focus more on ________.

A) neurotransmitters;thinking style
B) evolutionary trends;cross-cultural differences
C) introspection;the unconsciousness
D) reward structure;drugs
E) nurture;nature

Question 23

Your friend Tomas wants to continue in psychology and his goal is to help people with issues of personal adjustment and career planning.Which specialty area of psychology would you recommend to Tomas for continued study?

A) clinical
B) social
C) personality
D) counselling
E) cultural

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a good test-taking strategy as recommended in the text?

A) For essays,organize your answer before writing
B) As you read a multiple-choice question,try to answer it at first without looking at the alternatives
C) Never change an answer on a multiple-choice test
D) Use your time wisely and track your progress
E) Eliminate those alternatives that you can rule out immediately and choose from the rest

Question 25

Which of the following concepts is NOT linked to psychoanalysis?

A) the unconscious
B) free association
C) inborn sexual and aggressive drives
D) introspection
E) repression

Question 26

You overhear two psychologists talking about human behaviour.Professor A believes that humans are controlled by inner forces and conflicts while Professor B states that humans are "free-agents" and seek self-actualization.Most likely,Professor A follows the ________ perspective while Professor B follows the ______ perspective.

A) psychodynamic;humanistic
B) behavioural;sociocultural
C) biological;cognitive
D) sociocultural;behavioural
E) cognitive;psychodynamic

Question 27

Let's say that you believe that it is possible to control all aspects of society and harness the power of the environment to your liking.Your position is closest to that of a

A) psychodynamic psychologist.
B) cognitive behaviourist.
C) Gestalt psychologist.
D) radical behaviourist.
E) humanistic psychologist.

Question 28

Which of the following approaches to psychology LEAST reflects the cognitive perspective?

A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) Gestalt psychology
D) the study of the mind
E) sociobiology

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT true about psychology?

A) psychology is empirical
B) behaviour is determined by multiple causal factors
C) behaviour can mostly be attributed to biological factors
D) human experience of the world is subjective
E) psychological capacities have evolved during each species' history