Deck 39: Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Question 1

New cases of tuberculosis are the result of recent transmission or reactivation of old dormant infections.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

A)glomerulonephritis
B)rheumatic fever
C)scarlet fever
D)scarlatina

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Diphtheria is treated with

A)antitoxin and antibiotics.
B)anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics.
C)DPT vaccine.
D)diuretic drugs and antibiotics.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Legionnaires' disease is so named because

A)it caused a large epidemic among members of the French Foreign Legion.
B)it was first identified at a convention of the American Legion.
C)it was a common infection among foot soldiers.
D)none of the choices

Question 5

The exotoxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A)causes an inflammatory response.
B)causes the formation of a pseudomembrane on the respiratory mucosa.
C)may destroy cardiac and kidney tissue.
D)all of the choices

Question 6

A sharp reduction in the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b infections is principally due to

A)the discovery of new antibiotics.
B)the development of an effective vaccine.
C)the elimination of the natural reservoir of H.influenzae.
D)improvements in sanitary conditions in meat processing plants.

Question 7

Diphtheria exotoxin is made only by strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that carry a prophage containing the tox gene.

Question 8

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most prevalent gram-negative bacterium isolated from pneumonia patients.

Question 9

When in the human body,Legionella pneumophila resides

A)in alveolar macrophages.
B)in alveoli.
C)in the lower intestinal tract.
D)in the meninges.

Question 10

Legionella pneumophila may be found in

A)soil and aquatic ecosystems.
B)air-conditioning systems.
C)shower stalls.
D)all of the choices

Question 11

Diphtheria is an acute contagious disease caused by an exotoxin that

A)functions by inhibiting protein synthesis.
B)may cause destruction of cardiac,kidney and nerve tissues.
C)can be neutralized as a result of immunity produced by the DPT vaccine.
D)all of the choices

Question 12

Which of the following is not a major cause of meningitis cases in the United States?

A)Neisseria meningitides
B)Haemophilus influenzae
C)Staphylococcus aureus
D)Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 13

Which of the following drug(s)is(are)used to treat tuberculosis?

A)isoniazid
B)ethambutol
C)rifampin
D)all of the choices

Question 14

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A)does not cause pneumonia despite its name.
B)causes pneumonia more often than Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C)causes pneumonia only in conjunction with viral activity.
D)is one of the causes of atypical pneumonia.

Question 15

Pulmonary mycobacterial infections in AIDS patients is mostly likely to be caused by

A)Mycobacterium avium complex.
B)Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C)Mycobacterium bovis.
D)Mycobacterium africanum.

Question 16

Beta-hemolytic group A streptococci are responsible for

A)rheumatic fever.
B)necrotizing fasciitis.
C)pharyngitis.
D)all of the choices

Question 17

Which of the following is prevented by the DPT vaccine?

A)diphtheria
B)whooping cough
C)tetanus
D)all of the choices

Question 18

Once the initial case has occurred,Legionnaires' disease spreads as a propagated epidemic.

Question 19

In tuberculosis,when a caseous lesion calcifies,it is called a

A)tubercle.
B)Ghon complex.
C)tuberculous cavity.
D)all of the choices

Question 20

The causative agent of whooping cough is

A)Bartonella henselae.
B)Ehrlichia chaffeensis.
C)Bordetella pertussis.
D)Campylobacter jejuni.

Question 21

In the primary stage of syphilis,the initial symptom is a small,painless,reddened ulcer called a __________.

Question 22

Which stage of syphilis is characterized by a skin rash?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)latent

Question 23

The vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the

A)louse.
B)flea.
C)tick.
D)mosquito.

Question 24

Lyme disease is spread from human to human by mosquito vectors.

Question 25

A variety of free-living amoebae and ciliated protozoa are thought to provide a natural reservoir for survival and growth of Legionella spp.in nature.

Question 26

Diphtheria is a contagious disease that spreads from person to person mainly by the fecal-oral route.

Question 27

The causative agent of bubonic plague is

A)Coxiella burnetii.
B)Ehrlichia chaffeensis.
C)Yersinia pestis.
D)Kingella kingae.

Question 28

Newborn infants can be infected with ____________ streptococcus during birth.

Question 29

Identity confirmation of Yersinia pestis by advanced laboratory techniques can be carried out in almost any hospital clinical laboratory.

Question 30

Inflammation of the membranes around the brain or spinal cord is called __________.

Question 31

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent single cause of blindness resulting from an infectious agent.

Question 32

The pathogen most frequently involved in causing clostridial myonecrosis is

A)Clostridium septicum.
B)Clostridium perfringens.
C)Clostridium tetani.
D)Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 33

The natural host(s)for Borrelia burgdorferi is (are)

A)mosquitoes.
B)birds.
C)ticks.
D)deer and field mice.

Question 34

Neisseria gonorrhoeae may sometimes cause

A)ophthalmia neonatorum.
B)nongonococcal urethritis.
C)lymphogranuloma venereum.
D)salpingitis.

Question 35

Which of the following is caused by a member of the rickettsias?

A)Rocky Mountain spotted fever
B)Q-fever
C)Typhoid fever
D)all of the choices

Question 36

A disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is

A)dental caries.
B)trachoma.
C)gonococcal urethritis.
D)trachoma and nongonococcal urethritis.

Question 37

Plague is spread from wild rodents to humans by the bite of an infected tick.

Question 38

Trachoma is transmitted by

A)contact with inanimate objects.
B)hand-to-hand contact.
C)flies.
D)all of the choices

Question 39

A(n)__________ is an enlarged lymph node that appears during cases of the plague.

Question 40

Helicobacter pylori is a principal causative agent of

A)human ehrlichiosis.
B)toxic shock syndrome.
C)peptic ulcer disease.
D)gastroenteritis.

Question 41

Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of improperly stored or cooked food in which __________ has grown.

A)Staphylococcus epidermidis
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Staphylococcus pneumoniae
D)all of the choices

Question 42

Passage of Vibrio cholerae through the human body results in reduced infectivity for the next human host.

Question 43

Diagnosis of syphilis is by way of

A)clinical history.
B)immunofluorescence examination of lesion fluids.
C)dark-field examination of lesion fluids.
D)all of the choices

Question 44

Which of the following is not usually involved with the spread of staphylococci?

A)sexual intercourse
B)respiratory secretions
C)hands
D)inanimate objects

Question 45

Staphylococci can be divided into pathogenic and relatively nonpathogenic strains based on whether or not they synthesize

A)catalase.
B)coagulase.
C)leukocidins.
D)a capsule.

Question 46

Humans acquire typhoid fever by

A)sexual activity.
B)mosquito bites.
C)inhalation of contaminated dust particles.
D)ingesting water or food contaminated with feces.

Question 47

Pelvic inflammatory disease may result from infection with

A)Staphylococcus epidermidis.
B)Clostridium perfringens.
C)Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
D)Mycobacterium leprae.

Question 48

Cholera is very prevalent in all of the following areas except

A)Asia.
B)North America.
C)Middle East.
D)Africa.

Question 49

Which of the following is not involved in the transmission of salmonellosis?

A)poultry
B)eggs
C)canned vegetables
D)water

Question 50

Which of the following does (do)not always require the presence of living bacteria?

A)intoxications
B)food poisoning
C)bacterial diarrhea
D)all of the choices

Question 51

An acute infection and inflammation of the dermal layer of the skin is

A)scarlet fever.
B)cellulites.
C)erysipelas.
D)pharyngitis.

Question 52

Campylobacter jejuni is commonly found in the intestinal tract of

A)chickens.
B)turkeys.
C)cattle.
D)all of the choices

Question 53

Pathogenic staphylococci inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis,phagocytosis,and the action of vancomycin by the production of

A)hemolysins.
B)slime.
C)leukocidins.
D)a capsule

Question 54

Gonorrhea,a sexually transmitted disease,is an acute infection of the mucous membranes of the

A)genitourinary tract.
B)conjunctiva.
C)rectum.
D)all of the choices

Question 55

Treatment of gas gangrene may involve

A)wound debridement.
B)antitoxins.
C)hyperbaric chambers.
D)all of the choices

Question 56

A diffuse,spreading infection of subcutaneous skin tissue is

A)erysipelas.
B)cellulitis.
C)rheumatic fever.
D)glomerulonephritis.

Question 57

Staphylococcus epidermidis can be characterized by all of the following except that it

A)does not produce coagulase.
B)is not pigmented.
C)produces a yellow pigment.
D)can be associated with nosocomial infections.

Question 58

Leprosy is caused by a microbe of the genus

A)Chlamydia.
B)Streptococcus.
C)Staphylococcus.
D)Mycobacterium.

Question 59

Campylobacter jejuni is transmitted to humans by all of the following except

A)contaminated food and water.
B)infected animals.
C)insect vectors.
D)anal-oral sexual activity.

Question 60

Which of the following is important in the treatment of potential infections by Clostridium tetani?

A)proper care of wounds contaminated with soil.
B)prophylactic use of antitoxin.
C)administration of penicillin.
D)All of the choices are important in the treatment of potential infections by Clostridium tetani.

Question 61

Anthrax is a highly infectious disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans who come in direct contact with infected animals or their products.

Question 62

The disease anthrax is caused by a species belonging to which genus?

A)Vibrio
B)Kingella
C)Ehrlichia
D)Bacillus

Question 63

Bacillus anthracis strains can be separated into five categories based on

A)spore morphology.
B)serological assays for lipopolysaccharide variants.
C)a genetic assay that detect variable numbers of tandem repeats in various genes.
D)membrane lipid composition as measure by gas chromatography.

Question 64

Francisella tularensis is transmitted to humans by

A)biting arthropods.
B)direct contact with infected tissue.
C)inhalation of aerosols.
D)all of the choices.

Question 65

Q fever is apt to occur in epidemic form among

A)farmers.
B)slaughterhouse workers.
C)veterinarians.
D)all of the choices

Question 66

Dental pathogens are called __________.

Question 67

Sepsis and septic shock cannot be categorized under a specific mode of transmission.

Question 68

Bacterial vaginosis may be the result of transfer from the rectum where the causative organisms usually reside in addition to occurring by means of sexual transmission.

Question 69

In humans the most common type of anthrax disease is

A)cutaneous anthrax resulting from the introduction of spores into a break in the skin.
B)pulmonary anthrax from inhalation of spores attached to dust.
C)gastrointestinal anthrax resulting from consumption of undercooked food contaminated with spores.
D)tick borne anthrax resulting from direct introduction of vegetative Bacillus anthracis to the blood stream of a host.

Question 70

Humans may contact psittacosis by

A)handling infected birds.
B)inhaling excreta of dried birds.
C)consuming undercooked chicken.
D)handling infected birds and inhaling excreta of dried birds

Question 71

The disease caused by Streptococcus mutans is

A)trachoma.
B)dental decay or caries.
C)plague.
D)atypical pneumonia.

Question 72

__________ formation begins with the initial colonization of the pellicle by Streptococcus gordonii,S.oralis,and S.mitis.

Question 73

Septic shock is actually the result of endogenous mediators released from the patient's own cells in response to bacterial endotoxins or exotoxins.

Question 74

Ornithosis is caused by

A)Chlamydophilia psittaci.
B)Chlamydia trachomatis.
C)Ureaplasma urealyticum.
D)Mycoplasma hominis.

Question 75

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major cause of hemorrhagic colitis in the U.S.