Question 1

Jean seeks psychological help for her intense feelings of worthlessness. Her therapist confronts and challenges her feelings, arguing that it is a self-defeating way to think and is based on erroneous information about herself. Her therapist is probably a ________.

A) psychoanalyst
B) behaviorist
C) rational-emotive therapist
D) client-centered therapist

rational-emotive therapist

Accepted Answer

The therapist's approach of confronting and challenging Jean's thoughts suggests a rational-emotive therapy approach, which focuses on identifying and changing irrational beliefs. This approach is often used to address issues related to self-esteem and worthlessness.

Question 2

Until the end of the 1980s, there were only two main types of antidepressant drugs: ________.&#10;A) MAO inhibitors and tricyclics&#10;B) Prozac and tricyclics&#10;C) Prozac and MAO inhibitors&#10;D) tricyclics and phenothiazines

Accepted Answer

Until the end of the 1980s, the two main types of antidepressant drugs were MAO inhibitors and tricyclics. Prozac, a popular antidepressant drug, was not introduced until 1988. Phenothiazines, on the other hand, are not typically used as antidepressants but rather as antipsychotic medications. Therefore, the correct answer is A) MAO inhibitors and tricyclics.

Question 3

Julie has a fear of riding in elevators. She goes to a therapist who first has her stand outside an elevator with him, and he talks to her until she is calm. Then, the two of them stand outside the elevator with the doors open. Then, they stand in it but do not ride in it. Finally, they ride in the elevator. At each stage, the therapist waits until Julie is completely relaxed before moving on to the next stage. This is an example of ________.

A) transactional analysis
B) aversive conditioning
C) systematic desensitization
D) operant conditioning

systematic desensitization

Accepted Answer

The therapy described is systematic desensitization, a type of exposure therapy used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders by gradually exposing the individual to their feared object or situation while they remain relaxed. It involves a hierarchy of exposure, starting with less anxiety-provoking situations and gradually progressing to more challenging ones. Aversion conditioning involves associating a negative or unpleasant stimulus with a behavior to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future, while transactional analysis and operant conditioning are not applicable to this scenario.

Question 4

Allen is troubled by some aspects of his personality and would like to explore his entire personal development in an effort to gain deeper self-understanding. He would be best served by ________ therapy.

A) group
B) aversive
C) behavior
D) insight

Accepted Answer

Insight therapy focuses on gaining a deeper understanding of the self and one's motivations, making it the most appropriate choice for Allen's goal of exploring his personal development. Group therapy, aversive therapy, and behavior therapy all have different focuses and may not be as effective for Allen's specific needs.

Question 5

Free association is a technique used in ________ therapy.&#10;A) Gestalt&#10;B) rational-emotive&#10;C) psychoanalytic&#10;D) client-centered

Accepted Answer

Free association is a technique commonly used in psychoanalytic therapy, which is based on the theories of Sigmund Freud. In this technique, the therapist encourages the patient to freely express their thoughts and feelings without censorship or judgment, with the goal of bringing unconscious content to the surface and facilitating insight and healing.

Question 6

The best description of the current status of deinstitutionalization is that ________.&#10;A) despite initial problems, it has become a critically acclaimed success&#10;B) despite an initial period of optimism, the policy has now run into serious problems because of a lack of adequate follow-up care&#10;C) although it has enjoyed some success, it has failed largely because of the ease with which patients can be readmitted for short-term stays in hospitals&#10;D) it has succeeded mainly because of the efforts of large medical insurers to support the policy

Accepted Answer

While deinstitutionalization initially showed promise, it has encountered serious problems due to a lack of follow-up care. Patients released from institutions often do not receive adequate community support and end up back in hospitals or other institutions. Despite some successes, the policy as a whole has not been as successful as hoped.

Question 7

Most present-day insight-oriented therapists are more ________ and emotionally ________ their clients than traditional orthodox psychoanalysts thought fit.&#10;A) active; engaged with&#10;B) active; detached from&#10;C) passive; detached from&#10;D) passive; engaged with

Accepted Answer

Insight-oriented therapists are more active and engaged with their clients compared to traditional orthodox psychoanalysts who followed a more passive and detached approach.

Question 8

Halfway houses and other places where ex-patients can find help and support in their efforts to return to normal lives after release from institutions are forms of ________ prevention.&#10;A) tertiary&#10;B) secondary&#10;C) primary&#10;D) basic

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention involves providing support and rehabilitation services for individuals who have already experienced a problem or illness, such as those who have been released from institutions. Halfway houses and other post-institutional support services fall under this category. Secondary prevention involves early intervention and treatment for individuals who are at risk of developing a problem or illness, while primary prevention focuses on preventing problems or illnesses from occurring in the first place. "Basic" is not a recognized level of prevention.

Question 9

Which technique uses reinforcement to change behavior?&#10;A) classical conditioning&#10;B) aversive conditioning&#10;C) desensitization&#10;D) operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is a technique that uses reinforcement (positive or negative) to increase or decrease the occurrence of a behavior. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a natural, reflexive response to eventually produce a conditioned response. Aversive conditioning involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a behavior to decrease the occurrence of that behavior. Desensitization involves gradually exposing an individual to a feared or anxiety-provoking stimulus in a controlled environment to reduce anxiety or fear.

Question 10

Most couple therapists concentrate on ________.&#10;A) improving the couple's patterns of communications and mutual expectations&#10;B) changing the behavior of the person in the marriage who is the source of the couple's problems&#10;C) desensitization techniques to help the marital partners become more tolerant of each other&#10;D) exploring the marital partners' childhoods to understand the source of the current conflicts

Accepted Answer

Most couple therapists focus on improving the couple's communication and addressing their expectations of each other. They may use techniques like active listening, reframing, and conflict resolution to help the couple communicate effectively and work through their issues together. While exploring childhood experiences or using desensitization techniques may be helpful in certain situations, they are not the primary focus of most couple therapy sessions. Changing the behavior of one partner also goes against the idea of working together as a team to improve the relationship.

Deck 13: Extension: Therapies