Deck 10: Personality

Question 1

Freud's theories form the basis of ________.

A) psychoanalysis
B) structuralism
C) humanistic psychology
D) trait theory

Answer 1

psychoanalysis

Question 2

Freud believed that psychic energy came from ________.

A) the self-actualizing potential
B) an individual's struggle to deal with dependency
C) sexual and aggressive urges
D) the struggle to overcome feelings of inferiority

Answer 2

sexual and aggressive urges

Question 3

Each of the following is one of the propositions central to all psychodynamic theories except ________.

A) our mental representations of ourselves, of others, and of our relationships tend to guide our interactions with other people
B) stable personality patterns do not form until young adulthood
C) mental processes such as emotions, motivations, and thoughts operate in parallel and thus may lead to conflicting feelings
D) much of mental life is unconscious

Answer 3

stable personality patterns do not form until young adulthood

Question 4

The id operates according to the ________.

A) pleasure principle
B) guilt/pride principle
C) reality principle
D) ego ideal

Question 5

For Freud, the seething cauldron of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the ________.

A) superego
B) ego
C) persona
D) id

Question 6

Freud considered the ________ to be the most important drive(s) in the development of personality.

A) death instinct
B) collective unconscious
C) personal unconscious
D) sexual instinct

Question 7

According to your text, personality is each of the following except ________.

A) enduring
B) stable
C) unique
D) unpredictable

Question 8

________ theories see personality as the result of unconscious, often sexual, motivations and conflicts.

A) Trait
B) Psychodynamic
C) Humanistic
D) Cognitive-social learning

Question 9

All psychodynamic theorists share the sense that personality is primarily determined by ________.

A) conscious choice/free will
B) unconscious processes
C) self-actualization
D) learning and conditioning

Question 10

For Freud, the term "sexual instinct" refers to ________.

A) erotic sexuality
B) childhood experiences
C) any form of pleasure
D) the personal unconscious

Question 11

For Freud, material that is well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled is in the ________ mind.

A) collective unconscious
B) preconscious
C) unconscious
D) conscious

Question 12

Freud believed that personality is formed around ________ structures.

A) five
B) three
C) four
D) two

Question 13

Freud's personality theory and his form of therapy are called ________.

A) rational emotive therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) humanism
D) cognitive theory

Question 14

The best known and most influential psychodynamic theorist is ________.

A) Maslow
B) Skinner
C) Watson
D) Freud

Question 15

According to Freud, the energy generated by the sexual instinct is known as the ________.

A) libido
B) secondary process
C) pleasure principle
D) fixated process

Question 16

The unconscious is best defined as ideas, thoughts, and feelings ________.

A) of which we are not and cannot normally become aware
B) we can recall from memory
C) of which we are fully aware
D) of which we are not, and can never become aware

Question 17

Freud stressed ________.

A) the conscious
B) learning
C) the unconscious
D) self-actualization

Question 18

A famous psychologist argues that behavior is the end product of a variety of some conscious and mostly unconscious forces interacting within a person's mind. This psychologist is most likely a ________ psychologist.

A) humanistic
B) cognitive-social learning
C) behavioral
D) psychodynamic

Question 19

The unique pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and situations is called ________.

A) learning
B) a habit
C) personality
D) a trait

Question 20

________ is the study of psychic energy and how it is transformed and expressed in behavior.

A) Gestalt psychology
B) Cognitive psychology
C) Parapsychology
D) Psychodynamics

Question 21

Daydreaming about becoming a famous movie star, politician, or athlete is an example of ________.

A) secondary process thinking
B) wish fulfillment
C) abreaction
D) the reality principle

Question 22

For Freud, sneezing, coughing, and other reflex actions relieve discomfort of the ________.

A) ego ideal
B) conscience
C) ego
D) id

Question 23

According to Freud, thinking and reasoning are controlled by the ________.

A) ego
B) superego
C) collective unconscious
D) id

Question 24

For Freud, the personality structure that is completely unconscious is the ________.

A) alter-ego
B) ego
C) superego
D) id

Question 25

According to Freud, the ego operates ________.

A) only preconsciously
B) partly consciously, partly preconsciously, and partly unconsciously
C) only unconsciously
D) only consciously

Question 26

The id has ________ ways of obtaining gratification.

A) two
B) four
C) five
D) three

Question 27

The id's link to reality is called the ________.

A) ego ideal
B) conscious
C) superego
D) ego

Question 28

The ego operates according to the ________ principle.

A) guilt/pride
B) pleasure
C) reflex
D) reality

Question 29

For Freud, material that we are not currently aware of, but which can be easily recalled is in the ________ mind.

A) preconscious
B) collective unconscious
C) conscious
D) unconscious

Question 30

A personality that consisted of only the ego and the id would be completely ________.

A) selfish
B) illogical
C) rational
D) selfless

Question 31

The ________ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in the external world.

A) superego
B) ego
C) id
D) animus

Question 32

For Freud, ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are currently aware are in the ________ mind.

A) unconscious
B) collective unconscious
C) conscious
D) preconscious

Question 33

Freud believed that personality is composed of ________.

A) the id, the ego, and the superego
B) the conscious, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious
C) a unique pattern of traits
D) the libido, thanatos, and a combination of oral and anal fixations

Question 34

According to Freud, the pleasure principle is the way in which ________.

A) the ego ideal tries to set up standards of what one would like to be
B) young children instinctively seek self-actualization
C) the ego tries to delay satisfying the id's desires until it can do so safely and successfully
D) the id tries to obtain immediate gratification and avoid pain

Question 35

For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the ________.

A) ego
B) superego
C) libido
D) id

Question 36

According to Freud, a selfish, clever criminal who doesn't care who he hurts to get what he wants, as long as he can safely get away with it and not be caught and punished, is being completely controlled by the ________.

A) id and ego
B) id and superego
C) collective unconscious
D) ego and superego

Question 37

Someone insults you and you spend the next two hours imagining the things you could have (or should have) said to humiliate them. According to Freud, you are engaging in

A) transference
B) abreaction
C) free association
D) wish fulfillment

Question 38

Which of the following is not one of the three personality structures postulated by Freud?

A) ego
B) id
C) superego
D) persona

Question 39

For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the ________.

A) persona
B) superego
C) id
D) ego

Question 40

According to Freud, the reality principle is the way in which ________.

A) the id tries to obtain gratification and avoid pain
B) young children instinctively seek self-actualization
C) the ego tries to delay satisfying the id's desires until it can do so safely and successfully
D) the ego ideal established standards of what one would like to be

Question 41

Joe is overly optimistic, gullible, and dependent on others to meet his needs. In Freud's view, he is probably fixated in the ________ stage.

A) phallic
B) anal
C) genital
D) oral

Question 42

Henry is very shy and withdrawn. He rarely acts on impulse, feels guilty about any display of desire, and is emotionally restricted. Freud would say Henry's ________ is the dominant part of his personality.

A) id
B) sexual instinct
C) superego
D) ego

Question 43

When our id is dominant, ________.

A) our instincts are unbridled
B) we are seen as cold and unemotional
C) rational thinking determines our behavior
D) our behavior is too tightly controlled

Question 44

A child is completely dependent on other people to satisfy its needs during the ________ stage.

A) phallic
B) oral
C) anal
D) genital

Question 45

According to Freud, infants given too much oral gratification are most likely to become ________.

A) messy and destructive
B) pessimistic and hostile
C) optimistic and dependent on others
D) stingy and excessively orderly

Question 46

According to Freud, the ________ operate at the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels.

A) id and ego, but not the superego
B) ego and superego, but not the id
C) id and superego, but not the ego
D) id, ego, and superego

Question 47

According to Freud, personality development is due to the way in which we ________.

A) satisfy the actualizing tendency throughout life
B) gratify our spiritual and social needs
C) satisfy the sexual instinct during the course of life
D) integrate archetypes from the collective unconscious into our conscious, waking life

Question 48

According to Freud, the ________ acts as our conscience.

A) ego
B) id
C) superego
D) collective unconscious

Question 49

Henry is impulsive and emotional. His behavior is illogical and he feels little guilt for what he does. Freud would say Henry's ________ is the dominant part of his personality.

A) collective unconscious
B) ego
C) superego
D) id

Question 50

In Freud's view, certain characteristic personality traits are the result of ________.

A) the primary process
B) heredity
C) the reality principle
D) fixation

Question 51

In Freud's view, a partial or complete halt in an individual's psychosexual development is called ________.

A) thanatos
B) libido
C) fixation
D) abreaction

Question 52

When our superego is dominant, ________.

A) our instincts are unbridled
B) we are able to fully enjoy a normal life
C) we do not have any guilt feelings
D) our behavior is checked too tightly

Question 53

The oral stage occurs from ________ of age.

A) 6 to 12 years
B) birth to 18 months
C) 18 months through 3.5 years
D) 3 to 6 years

Question 54

According to Freud, to function effectively, the ________.

A) superego must dominate the id and ego
B) id, ego, and superego must work in harmony
C) id must dominate the ego and superego
D) ego must dominate the id and superego

Question 55

According to Freud, the stage of psychosexual development in which the infant's erotic feelings center on the mouth, lips, and tongue is the ________ stage.

A) latency
B) anal
C) oral
D) phallic

Question 56

Freud believed that we are ________.

A) immoral
B) amoral
C) selfless
D) pure and unspoiled

Question 57

According to Freud, the standard of perfection by which the superego judges the ego's actions is known as the ________.

A) ego ideal
B) animus
C) archetype
D) conscience

Question 58

According to Freud, during the first 18 months of life, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ________.

A) anus
B) mouth
C) genitals
D) hands

Question 59

Jerry has a very immature attitude about sex and sucks his thumb even though he is 32 years old. Freud would say these behaviors result from ________.

A) libido
B) heredity
C) fixation
D) a reaction

Question 60

In Freud's view, fixation can lead to ________.

A) the ego ideal
B) immature forms of sexuality
C) complex moral reasoning
D) the reality principle

Question 61

According to Freud, the Electra complex develops during the ________ stage.

A) anal
B) genital
C) oral
D) phallic

Question 62

The Freudian stage in which children must resolve the Oedipus or Electra complex is the ________ stage.

A) phallic
B) anal
C) genital
D) oral

Question 63

The anal stage occurs from ________ of age.

A) 18 months to 3 ½ years
B) 6 to 12 years
C) 3 to 6 years
D) birth to 18 months

Question 64

As a child, Ivan threw temper tantrums and was openly rebellious. As an adult, he is messy, unorganized, sloppy, and destructive. In Freud's view, he is fixated in the ________ stage.

A) anal
B) oral
C) phallic
D) genital

Question 65

According to Freud, the stage of psychosexual development in which the child's erotic feelings center on the bowels and the process of elimination is the ________ stage.

A) phallic
B) genital
C) anal
D) latency

Question 66

According to Freud, a boy's sexual attachment to his mother and jealousy of his father is called ________.

A) countertransference
B) the Oedipus complex
C) transference
D) the Electra complex

Question 67

The phallic stage begins at about age ________.

A) five
B) three
C) one
D) two

Question 68

The proper chronological order of Freud's psychosexual stages is ________.

A) anal, oral, genital, latency, phallic
B) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
C) oral, anal, genital, phallic, latency
D) anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital

Question 69

According to Freud, during the period from 18 months until 3½ years of age, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ________.

A) mouth
B) hands
C) anus
D) genitals

Question 70

Joe is pessimistic, sarcastic, argumentative, hostile, and lacks confidence. In Freud's view, he is probably fixated in the ________ stage.

A) genital
B) oral
C) phallic
D) anal

Question 71

According to Freud, infants given too little oral gratification are most likely to become ________.

A) stingy and excessively orderly
B) pessimistic and hostile
C) messy and destructive
D) optimistic and dependent on others

Question 72

Most children are toilet trained during the ________ stage.

A) anal
B) genital
C) phallic
D) oral

Question 73

According to Freud, beginning at about age 3, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ________.

A) genitals
B) anus
C) mouth
D) hands

Question 74

According to Freud, a girl's sexual attachment to her father and jealousy of her mother is called ________.

A) the Electra complex
B) the Oedipus complex
C) transference
D) countertransference

Question 75

Ivan is stingy, obstinate, overly precise, and excessively orderly. In Freud's view, he is probably fixated in the ________ stage.

A) anal
B) genital
C) phallic
D) oral

Question 76

According to Freud, the stage of psychosexual development in which erotic feelings of children center on the genitals is the ________ stage.

A) phallic
B) latency
C) anal
D) oral

Question 77

According to Freud, the Oedipal complex develops during the ________ stage.

A) genital
B) oral
C) anal
D) phallic

Question 78

In Freud's view, if parents are too ________ during toilet training, children may become obstinate, stingy, and excessively orderly, and if they are too ________, their children may become messy, unorganized, and sloppy as adults.

A) lenient; lenient
B) lenient; strict
C) strict; lenient
D) strict; strict

Question 79

According to Freud, most children resolve the Oedipal conflict by ________.

A) becoming anally fixated
B) reverting to the oral stage
C) identifying with the parent of the same sex
D) identifying with the parent of the opposite sex

Question 80

According to Freud, the stage in which children develop a marked attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and become jealous of the same-sex parent is the ________ stage.

A) oral
B) phallic
C) anal
D) genital