Deck 30: Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Question 1

Charlie alternates between periods of elation and depression. Which of the following medications is he MOST likely to receive to control his condition?

A) Thorazine
B) Prozac
C) lithium
D) Xanax

Answer 1

lithium

Question 2

The newest class of antidepressants is the

A) MAO inhibitors.
B) SSRIs.
C) tricyclics.
D) SNRIs.

Answer 2

SNRIs.

Question 3

Results from a number of studies suggests an elevated risk of suicide is associated with the use of

A) MAO inhibitors.
B) antipsychotics.
C) tricyclics.
D) SSRIs.

Answer 3

SSRIs.

Question 4

SNRIs inhibit reuptake of

A) serotonin and norepinephrine.
B) serotonin and glutamate.
C) glutamate and norepinephrine.
D) glutamate and endorphins.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of drug therapy?

A) The side effects may be worse than the illnesses they are supposed to cure.
B) The therapy is typically expensive.
C) They temporarily relieve symptoms without addressing the real problem.
D) Many drugs are overprescribed, and many patients are overmedicated.

Question 6

Sandra has been diagnosed with depression. Her doctor is MOST likely to prescribe

A) Lithium.
B) Thioridazine or Chlorpromazine.
C) Prozac, Paxil, or Zoloft.
D) Valium or Xanax.

Question 7

Lithium is a

A) chemical used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar disorder.
B) drug that generally elevates mood in patients with bipolar disorder.
C) drug that gradually reduces psychotic symptoms.
D) drug that reduces tension, apprehension, and nervousness.

Question 8

Therapeutic drugs that gradually elevate mood are

A) antidepressant drugs.
B) antipsychotic drugs.
C) mood stabilizers.
D) antianxiety drugs.

Question 9

Lancaster has been feeling worthless and unmotivated since he lost his job six months ago. He schedules an appointment with his doctor to find out if there is some physical problem that is causing his symptoms. His doctor tells Lancaster that he has a psychological disorder that should respond well to medication. The doctor will most likely treat Lancaster's symptoms by prescribing

A) Xanax.
B) Thorazine.
C) Zoloft.
D) Valium.

Question 10

The newest antidepressant drugs such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft

A) increase levels of dopamine in the brain.
B) act as MAO inhibitors.
C) slow the reuptake process at serotonin synapses.
D) also reduce the manic symptoms associated with bipolar disorder.

Question 11

In comparison to lithium, mood stabilizers such as valproic acid are

A) more effective in treating bipolar disorder but have more adverse effects.
B) less effective in treating bipolar disorder but have fewer adverse effects.
C) equally as effective in treating bipolar disorder and have fewer adverse effects.
D) less effective in treating bipolar disorder and have more adverse effects.

Question 12

Ariana's doctor has recently prescribed a drug that slows the reuptake process at serotonin synapses. Her doctor is most likely treating Ariana for symptoms of

A) schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) a somatoform disorder.
D) depression.

Question 13

Bipolar disorder is frequently treated with

A) antidepressant drugs.
B) lithium or valproic acid.
C) Prozac, Paxil, or Zoloft.
D) Valium.

Question 14

Critics maintain that the negative effects of psychiatric drugs are NOT fully appreciated because

A) managed care (HMOs & PPOs) has too much influence over the treatments chosen by mental health practitioners.
B) the therapy is typically expensive and only available to the middle and upper classes.
C) the pharmaceutical industry has undue influence over the research enterprise as it relates to drug efficacy.
D) both managed care organizations and the pharmaceutical industry has undue influence over the research enterprise as it relates to drug efficacy.

Question 15

SSRIs seem to be least effective for individual suffering from

A) depression.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) panic disorder.

Question 16

Price has had several episodes of severe depression, but for the past week he has been euphoric and hyperactive, and he hasn't slept for the past four nights. His family is concerned, and they have brought him to a mental health clinic for treatment. If the doctor who sees him prescribes medication to reduce Price's current symptoms, the medication that will MOST likely be prescribed is

A) a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
B) a tricyclic drug.
C) lithium.
D) a drug from the benzodiazepine family.

Question 17

The therapeutic drugs used to control bipolar disorder are referred to as

A) antianxiety drugs.
B) antidepressants.
C) antipsychotics.
D) mood stabilizers.

Question 18

Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are all

A) mood stabilizers.
B) antianxiety drugs.
C) antidepressant drugs.
D) antipsychotic drugs.

Question 19

The newest drug treatments for bipolar disorder use mood stabilizers such as

A) alprazolam.
B) setraline.
C) haloperidol.
D) valproic acid.

Question 20

Lithium is a chemical used to treat

A) major depression.
B) schizophrenia.
C) multiple-personality disorders.
D) bipolar mood disorders.

Question 21

You are watching a television documentary that shows a patient who is undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). If this documentary is depicting psychotherapy in the late 1930s or early 1940s, you should conclude that

A) the patient is being treated for severe depression that has not responded to medication.
B) the patient is being treated for epilepsy.
C) the doctor is using a form of aversion therapy to reduce compulsive behaviors in a patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
D) the patient is being treated for schizophrenia.

Question 22

Deep brain stimulation

A) passes a low electric current through the forehead using a small paddle.
B) has proven valuable in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.
C) has minimal side effects and is tolerated well.
D) allows scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in specific areas of the brain.

Question 23

You are watching a television documentary that shows a patient who is undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). If this documentary is depicting psychotherapy in the 1990s, you should conclude that

A) the patient is being treated for severe depression that has not responded to medication.
B) the patient is being treated for severe schizophrenia that has not responded to medication.
C) the documentary is inaccurate because electroconvulsive shock therapy hasn't been used since the 1970s.
D) the documentary is an "undercover expose," and the doctor administrating the treatment is in violation of current ethical guidelines.

Question 24

Critics of managed care maintain that mental health care has experienced particularly severe cuts because

A) the question of "medically necessary care" is more subjective in regards to psychological disorders than other areas of health care.
B) patients who are denied psychotherapy are less likely to complain than patients with other health care needs.
C) both of the above.
D) neither of the above; mental health services are treated the same as other areas of health care.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

A) An individual client may be treated with several different kinds of therapy.
B) A combination of therapeutic approaches is often more effective than a single approach.
C) Therapy is generally more effective if a single approach is used consistently throughout the treatment of an individual client.
D) Generally speaking, the majority of clinical psychologists use an eclectic approach to therapy.

Question 26

Critics suggest that the negative effects of psychiatric drugs are not fully appreciated because the pharmaceutical industry has gained undue influence over

A) marketing of psychiatric drugs.
B) physicians who prescribe psychiatric drugs.
C) publicity concerning psychiatric drugs.
D) research concerning psychiatric drugs.

Question 27

Deep brain stimulation

A) involves surgically implanting an electrode in the brain.
B) allows scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in specific areas of the brain.
C) passes a low electric current through the forehead using a small paddle.
D) uses electric shock to relieve severe depression.

Question 28

A biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions is

A) aversion therapy.
B) electrocution therapy.
C) electroconvulsive therapy.
D) shock treatment.

Question 29

Which of the following statements concerning electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is false?

A) memory loss is a common short-term side effect
B) objective evidence has shown that ECT causes structural damage to the brain
C) use of ECT peaked in the 1940s and 1950s
D) ECT is used to treat major depression

Question 30

Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)

A) involves the use of electric shock to produce a cortical seizure and convulsions.
B) is used primarily for the treatment of schizophrenia.
C) has been used increasingly often since the 1940s.
D) is one of the key components in aversion therapy.

Question 31

Today, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is MOST likely to be used as a treatment for patients with

A) schizophrenia.
B) schizophrenia who have not responded to antipsychotic drugs.
C) major depression.
D) major depression who have not responded to antidepressant drugs.

Question 32

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

A) involves surgically implanting an electrode in the brain.
B) allows scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in specific areas of the brain.
C) passes a low electric current through the forehead using a small paddle.
D) uses electric shock to relieve severe depression.

Question 33

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) can hold down costs by restricting mental health services. According to critics, these restrictions may include all of the following EXCEPT

A) underdiagnosing mental health conditions.
B) requiring re-certification of the service providers within the HMO.
C) failing to make needed referrals to mental health specialists.
D) arbitrarily limiting the length of treatment.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms that has been raised concerning the impact of managed care on mental health care?

A) Delays in providing service result in spontaneous remission of psychological disorders in nearly 25 percent of cases.
B) Mental health care has seen severe service cuts because the question of what is medically necessary can be subjective.
C) Patients who are denied psychotherapy services are relatively unlikely to complain.
D) Cost containment may cause physicians to prescribe older, less-expensive drugs that are less effective.

Question 35

The risks of ECT

A) have been completely eliminated by modern improvements in the procedure.
B) may include both short- and long-term intellectual impairment.
C) are so severe that the use of ECT has been banned by law.
D) are negligible, as long as appropriate precautions are taken.

Question 36

Many managed care systems hold down cost by

A) directing patients to less well-trained counselors.
B) requiring physicians to prescribe older, cheaper medications.
C) limiting the length of treatment.
D) all of the above.

Question 37

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

A) involves surgically implanting an electrode in the brain.
B) controls seizure disorders.
C) has minimal side effects.
D) is highly invasive.

Question 38

The most accurate statement about why ECT works to the degree that it does is that

A) it acts as a form of aversion therapy.
B) it alters neural circuits in the brain.
C) it alters neurotransmitter activity in the brain.
D) no one is really certain why it works.

Question 39

Neuroscientists are experimenting with transcranial magnetic stimulation mainly as a treatment for

A) depression.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) anxiety disorders.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of drug therapy for psychological disorders?

A) their side effects are underestimated
B) they are not as effective as advertised
C) they are overprescribed
D) they can cause significant and sometimes permanent cognitive deficits

Question 41

In the Featured Study, which investigated the impact of combining insight therapy and medication, the researchers found that the relapse rate for participants who received the combination of interpersonal therapy and medication was

A) lower than that for either medication alone or interpersonal therapy alone.
B) higher than that for either medication alone or interpersonal therapy alone.
C) lower than that for medication alone but higher than that for interpersonal therapy alone.
D) higher than that for medication alone but lower than that interpersonal therapy alone.

Question 42

The community health movement emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT

A) reduced dependence on medication to treat psychological disorders.
B) reduced dependence on hospitalization for psychological disorders.
C) locally provided treatment for psychological disorders.
D) programs designed to prevent the onset of psychological disorders.

Question 43

Currently, approximately one-half to two-thirds of psychologists describe their approach to therapy as

A) psychodynamic.
B) eclectic.
C) biomedical.
D) behavioral.

Question 44

The practice of therapy that involves drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one is known as

A) a psychoanalytic approach to therapy.
B) an eclectic approach to therapy.
C) a Gestalt approach to therapy.
D) a behavioral approach to therapy.

Question 45

In the Featured Study "Combining Insight Therapy and Medication" the relapse rate was lowest for the treatment condition that received

A) medication.
B) interpersonal therapy and placebo medication.
C) interpersonal therapy and medication.
D) placebo medication.

Question 46

Dr. Brannigen often treats individuals who have symptoms of major depression. During the initial treatment, Dr. Brannigen often prescribes antidepressants, but during the course of therapy he also encourages patients to recognize and change negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs. He believes that drug treatment can be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression, but only by understanding the causes of their depression will individuals be able to prevent relapses. Dr. Brannigen's approach to therapy could BEST be described as

A) a humanistic approach.
B) a behavioral approach.
C) a deinstitutional approach.
D) an eclectic approach.

Question 47

Ethel is 75 years old and is a member of an ethnic minority group; for the past six months she has been coping with major depression. Based on the data on how cultural factors influence the process and outcomes of psychotherapy you should predict that Ethel will

A) take a tricyclic antidepressant.
B) receive informal assistance from family members and clergy that share her cultural heritage.
C) participate in organized group therapy combined with antipsychotic medication.
D) participate in individual interpersonal psychotherapy with a private counselor.

Question 48

Dr. Smith has just been appointed chief-of-staff at a large hospital located near an area of town where many minorities live. Dr. Smith is very interested in increasing the level of mental health services provided to the minority community. If you could give him one piece of advice, it would be MOST beneficial if you told him he should

A) hire trained therapists who are from the same minority group.
B) advertise in the local minority-language newspaper.
C) have evening and weekend hours for mental health services.
D) open several community mental health centers in the neighborhood.

Question 49

In the Featured Study which investigated the impact of combining insight therapy and medication, the researchers speculate that the combined treatment they tested may be best-suited for dealing with

A) both the biological and psychosocial substrates of old-age depression.
B) the biological substrate, but not the psychosocial substrate of old-age depression.
C) the psychosocial substrate, but not the biological substrate of old-age depression.
D) the genetic substrate, but not the biological substrate of old-age depression.

Question 50

In the Featured Study "Combining Insight Therapy and Medication" participants were

A) young adults diagnosed with anxiety disorders.
B) young adults diagnosed with depression.
C) elderly adults diagnosed with anxiety disorders.
D) elderly adults diagnosed with depression.

Question 51

Dissatisfaction with the system of public mental hospitals led to the

A) development of psychotherapy techniques in the 1900s.
B) "rebirth" of mental institutions in the 1960s.
C) community mental health movement of the 1960s.
D) managed care movement of the 1990s.

Question 52

Imagine that during 2001 the American Psychological Association (APA) sent a survey to all the clinical and counseling psychologists who were on their mailing list. When the results were compiled, the APA most likely found that the greatest proportion of the individuals who were surveyed identified themselves as having

A) a psychodynamic approach to therapy.
B) a biomedical approach to therapy.
C) an eclectic approach to therapy.
D) a humanistic approach to therapy.

Question 53

Ethel is 75 years old, and for the past six months she has been coping with major depression. Based on the results reported in the Featured Study which investigated the impact of combining insight therapy and medication, you should predict that Ethel will show the best response to treatment if her therapist combines

A) a tricyclic antidepressant with electroconvulsive shock therapy.
B) interpersonal psychotherapy with electroconvulsive shock therapy.
C) group therapy with antipsychotic medication.
D) interpersonal psychotherapy with a tricyclic antidepressant.

Question 54

In the Featured Study, which investigated the impact of combining insight therapy and medication, the researchers found that the combination of interpersonal therapy and medication was

A) most valuable to patients over 70 years of age.
B) least valuable to patients over 70 years of age.
C) most valuable to patients under 40 years of age.
D) least valuable to patients under 40 years of age.

Question 55

A major shift in the treatment of individuals with psychological disorders from the public mental hospital system to the community mental health movement took place during the

A) 1950s.
B) 1960s.
C) 1970s.
D) 1980s.

Question 56

Suggestions for improving mental health services for American minority groups have included all of the following EXCEPT

A) recruitment and training of more ethnic minority therapists.
B) some modifications in traditional approaches to therapy.
C) the provision of free therapeutic services for all ethnic clients.
D) work harder to build a therapeutic alliance.

Question 57

Eclectic therapists

A) commit themselves to just one theoretical approach.
B) utilize only the insight approaches to therapy.
C) use ideas and techniques from a variety of therapeutic approaches.
D) refuse to adjust their techniques to the unique needs of each client.

Question 58

Generally speaking, the majority of clinical psychologists describe themselves as using

A) a psychoanalytic approach to therapy.
B) an eclectic approach to therapy.
C) a Gestalt approach to therapy.
D) a behavioral approach to therapy.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a major reason American minority groups tend to underutilize mental health services?

A) frustrating interactions with bureaucracies
B) lack of therapists who speak their language
C) belief that psychological disorders are caused by supernatural forces
D) distrust of large intimidating institutions such as hospitals and community mental health centers

Question 60

A psychologist who draws ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of just one system is BEST described as

A) cognitive-behavioral in approach.
B) biomedical in approach.
C) eclectic in approach.
D) insightful in approach.

Question 61

Compared to the 1950s, the average inpatient population in public mental hospitals today is

A) vastly lower.
B) slightly lower
C) slightly higher.
D) vastly higher.

Question 62

What percentage of psychiatric inpatient admissions are readmission of former patients?

A) approximately 1 percent
B) less than 15 percent
C) over 66 percent
D) approximately 95 percent

Question 63

Taken as a whole, the evidence suggests that roughly ____ of the homeless suffer from severe mental illness (schizophrenic and mood disorders), and that another ____ or more are struggling with alcohol and drug problems.

A) one-third; one-third
B) one-half; one-third
C) one-third; one-quarter
D) one-quarter; one-third

Question 64

The transferring of treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities is referred to as

A) mainstreaming.
B) exit-transfer therapy.
C) decentralization.
D) deinstitutionalization.

Question 65

Taken as a whole, the results from studies investigating mental illness among the homeless indicate that, compared to the non-homeless, homeless persons are

A) less likely to suffer from mental health problems or substance abuse problems.
B) equally likely to suffer from mental health problems.
C) more likely to suffer from mental health problems.
D) less likely to suffer from mental health problems, but more likely to exhibit substance abuse problems.

Question 66

Today there are many alternative approaches to treatment, including client-centered therapy, cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, and biomedical therapies. This wide range of alternatives illustrates that

A) behavior is determined by multiple causes.
B) psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
C) psychology is theoretically diverse.
D) heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.

Question 67

Deinstitutionalization means that

A) hospitalization for mental illness has become a thing of the past.
B) whenever possible, the mentally ill should be treated at community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care.
C) the environment inside mental hospitals is designed to be less structured and rigid.
D) mental hospitals should take increased responsibility for the treatment of all clients, even those who are not seriously ill.

Question 68

Taken as a whole, the results from studies investigating mental illness among the homeless suggest that

A) the homeless population is made up primarily of elderly male alcoholics.
B) many of the homeless suffer from some form of psychological disorder.
C) most of the homeless have family or friends they could go to, if they chose.
D) deinstitutionalization has been largely successful in getting mental patients off the streets.

Question 69

Many specific therapies have turned out to be irrelevant or counterproductive when used with different cultural groups. This finding illustrates that

A) psychology is theoretically diverse.
B) our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
C) psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
D) our experience of the world is highly subjective.

Question 70

The various approaches to psychotherapy differ in their treatment approach, in part, because they have different opinions concerning the factors that contribute to the development of psychological disorders. This difference of opinion BEST reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

A) psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
B) behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.
C) psychology is theoretically diverse.
D) psychology is empirical.

Question 71

The policy of transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care is called

A) minimalization.
B) cost-benefit policy.
C) dehospitalization.
D) deinstitutionalization.

Question 72

The first U.S. president to address the nation on the subject of mental health was

A) Lyndon Johnson.
B) Harry Truman.
C) Franklin Roosevelt.
D) John F. Kennedy.

Question 73

Which of the following was NOT a problem with state mental hospitals in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s?

A) The hospitals were underfunded.
B) The hospitals were overstaffed.
C) The hospital staff was undertrained.
D) The hospitals were overcrowded.

Question 74

The different approaches to psychotherapy

A) overlap so much that there is little basis for differentiating one from another.
B) have developed due to tension between competing theories.
C) are all equally appropriate for all kinds of psychological problems.
D) can be used interchangeably for the majority of psychological disorders.

Question 75

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

A) Although many people have benefited from deinstitutionalization by avoiding unnecessary hospital stays, there have been some unanticipated problems.
B) Deinstitutionalization has been an outstanding success, resulting in better care for all clients.
C) Deinstitutionalization has been a failure, resulting in poorer treatment for both inpatients and outpatients.
D) Deinstitutionalization hasn't had much of an impact on mental health care at all.

Question 76

With regard to a therapist's sex,

A) it is generally better to choose a therapist the same sex as yourself.
B) it is generally better to choose a therapist the opposite sex as yourself.
C) you should feel free to look for a therapist of one sex or the other if it is personally important to you.
D) both men and women report better outcomes when seeing female therapists.

Question 77

With regard to sexual exploitation of a client, the studies indicate all of the following EXCEPT

A) sexual exploitation incidents almost always involve a male therapist.
B) sexual exploitation incidents almost always involve a female client.
C) a small percentage of therapists take advantage of their clients sexually.
D) the impact of these sexual liaisons are usually not very harmful to the client.

Question 78

Which U.S. president is credited with initiating the community health movement?

A) Lyndon Johnson
B) Harry Truman
C) Franklin Roosevelt
D) John F. Kennedy

Question 79

Which of the following is least accurate concerning trends in mental hospitals in this country?

A) The length of stay has increased since the 1950s.
B) They serve mainly the chronically ill patient.
C) More patients are now placed in local facilities instead of the mental hospital.
D) The number of patients in mental hospitals has declined since the 1950s.

Question 80

Which of the following has NOT been an outcome of deinstitutionalization?

A) a decrease in the average inpatient population in state and county mental hospitals
B) an increase in the average length of stay in state and county mental hospitals
C) an increase in the number of mentally ill patients in local general hospitals
D) more outpatient care of psychological disorders