Deck 29: Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Question 1

Therapists who emphasize the application of learning principles in treatment use the ____ approach to psychotherapy.

A) behavior
B) biomedical
C) insight
D) emotion

Answer 1

behavior

Question 2

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

A) The first systematic psychotherapy procedure was Freud's psychoanalysis.
B) Since Freud's time, all forms of treatment for psychological disorders have involved verbal interaction.
C) All psychotherapies employ essentially the same method of treatment.
D) Insight therapy is the most effective method for treating psychological disorders.

Answer 2

The first systematic psychotherapy procedure was Freud's psychoanalysis.

Question 3

Leslie has been feeling depressed for a number of weeks. She thinks she may need to see a therapist to help her overcome her depression, but she doesn't want to see anyone who is going to dwell on her childhood and try to work through any problems she experienced years ago. She wants to see someone who will focus on direct treatment of her current symptoms. In this example, it appears that Leslie is looking for a therapist whose approach to treatment would be classified as

A) insight therapy.
B) non-invasive therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) hypnotherapy.

Answer 3

biomedical therapy.

Question 4

The two MOST common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are

A) marital conflicts and a sense of emptiness.
B) loneliness and boredom.
C) low self-esteem and irrational thinking.
D) excessive anxiety and depression.

Question 5

Therapists who emphasize "talk therapy" in treatment employ the ____ approach to psychotherapy.

A) behavior
B) biomedical
C) insight
D) emotion

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major categories of psychotherapy?

A) biomedical therapies
B) emotion therapies
C) behavior therapies
D) insight therapies

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the main categories of treatment?

A) insight therapies
B) revelation therapies
C) behavior therapies
D) biomedical therapies

Question 8

Based on a 1999 survey, the U.S. Surgeon General estimated that ____ percentage of the US population uses mental health services in a given year.

A) about 25%
B) less then five percent
C) about 15%
D) more than 25%

Question 9

A psychotherapist who participates in complex verbal interactions with clients in order to enhance clients' understanding of themselves and their problems would be classified as

A) an insight therapist.
B) a behavior therapist.
C) a biomedical therapist.
D) a homeopathic therapist.

Question 10

Drug therapy is classified as ____ therapy; electroconvulsive shock therapy is classified as ____ therapy.

A) an aversion; a biomedical
B) a biomedical; a biomedical
C) a biomedical; a behavior
D) a behavior; an insight

Question 11

John suffers from chronic anxiety. He tends to worry constantly and is uncomfortable in a wide variety of situations. He decides to seek therapy. John put considerable thought into what he wants to gain from therapy. John believes that if he can learn to calm himself down when he finds himself in anxiety-producing situations (like taking a psychology exam) he will be better able to cope. Based on John's beliefs, he is most likely to seek a therapist that emphasizes the ____ approach.

A) behavior therapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) insight therapy
D) emotion therapy

Question 12

Therapists who emphasize altering an individual's physiological functioning in treatment use the ____ approach to psychotherapy.

A) behavior
B) biomedical
C) insight
D) emotion

Question 13

The text uses the term psychotherapy to refer to ____ used in the treatment of mental disorders and psychological problems.

A) approaches based on learning principles
B) approaches based on "talk therapy"
C) approaches based on altering physiological functioning
D) all the diverse approaches

Question 14

Claude has been seeing a therapist in an attempt to finally stop smoking. The therapist has described a number of specific techniques that they might try to eliminate Claude's behavior of smoking. In this case, his therapist's approach to treatment would MOST likely be classified as

A) insight therapy.
B) biomedical therapy.
C) homeopathic therapy.
D) behavior therapy.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

A) Psychotherapy is for people with an identified psychological disorder.
B) About half of the people who used mental health services in a given year do not meet the criteria for a full-fledged mental disorder.
C) Men are more likely to seek professional psychological help.
D) The most common problem for which people will seek mental health treatment is for unsatisfactory interpersonal relations.

Question 16

John suffers from chronic anxiety. He tends to worry constantly and is uncomfortable in a wide variety of situations. He decides to seek therapy. John put considerable thought into what he wants to gain from therapy. John believes that if he learns why he is so anxious he will be better able to cope. Based on John's beliefs, he is most likely to seek a therapist that emphasizes the ____ approach.

A) behavior therapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) insight therapy
D) emotion therapy

Question 17

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

A) Men are more likely than women to enter therapy.
B) People from the lower socioeconomic classes are more likely to enter therapy than those from the upper classes.
C) Many people who need therapy don't receive it.
D) Only people who have an identifiable mental disorder are eligible for therapy.

Question 18

The term that is used in the broadest sense to refer to all of the diverse approaches used in the treatment of mental disorders and psychological problems is

A) psychoanalysis.
B) psychopharmacology.
C) psychotherapy.
D) psychiatry.

Question 19

People delay in seeking treatment for mental disorders. In a recent study (Wang et. al 2005) researchers discovered that the median delay in seeking treatment for depression was

A) eight years.
B) nine years.
C) ten years.
D) six years.

Question 20

Vicki is seeing a therapist in an attempt to work through the troubles in her relationship with her father. During her meetings with her therapist, the two of them often engage in lengthy verbal interactions, and her therapist tries to help Vicki work through a variety of potential solutions for the problems she is facing. In this case, her therapist's approach to treatment would MOST likely be classified as

A) insight therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) homeopathic therapy.

Question 21

Which of the following statements concerning psychiatrists is false?

A) psychiatrists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
B) psychiatrists typically devote less of their time to relatively serious disorders than clinical psychologists
C) psychiatrists frequently emphasize biomedical therapy
D) psychiatrists are physicians and have a medical degree

Question 22

Therapies that involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients self-knowledge, and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior, are known as

A) psychopharmacological therapy.
B) emotive therapy.
C) behavioral therapy.
D) insight therapy.

Question 23

The theoretical difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist is that

A) the clinical psychologist has a doctorate; the counseling psychologist has a master's degree.
B) the clinical psychologist specializes in the treatment of mental disorders; the counseling psychologist specializes in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.
C) only the clinical psychologist can prescribe drugs.
D) clinical psychologists are trained to provide behavior therapy; counseling psychologists are trained to provide insight therapy.

Question 24

Your friend is interested in becoming a psychologist and wants to specialize in working with the most severe mental health problems, what specialty is she MOST likely to choose?

A) counseling psychologist
B) clinical psychologist
C) school psychologist
D) research psychologist

Question 25

Which of the following academic degrees is NOT associated with being a psychologist?

A) M.D.
B) Ph.D.
C) Psy.D.
D) Ed.D.

Question 26

According to a recent report, approximately ____ of the U.S. population use mental health services in a given year.

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 35%

Question 27

Today psychoanalysis is MOST likely to be practiced by

A) clinical psychologists.
B) counseling psychologists.
C) social workers.
D) psychiatrists.

Question 28

Which of the following psychologists is MOST likely to deal with the most severe mental health problems?

A) counseling psychologist
B) clinical psychologist
C) school psychologist
D) research psychologist

Question 29

Psychiatrists

A) have essentially the same education as clinical psychologists.
B) are less likely to use psychoanalytic methods than psychologists.
C) are physicians who specialize in the treatment of mental disorders.
D) focus exclusively on biomedical therapies in treating psychological disorders.

Question 30

John suffers from chronic anxiety. He tends to worry constantly and is uncomfortable in a wide variety of situations. He decides to seek therapy. John put considerable thought into what he wants to gain from therapy. John's primary goal is to simply reduce the level of anxiety and tension he is experiencing. Based on John's beliefs, he is most likely to seek a therapist that emphasizes the ____ approach.

A) behavior therapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) insight therapy
D) emotion therapy

Question 31

Which of the following statements is false? ____ are more likely than ____ to receive psychotherapy.

A) Women; men
B) People with medical insurance; people without medical insurance
C) People with less education; people with more education
D) Divorced and separated people; married people

Question 32

Which of the following disorders would be LEAST likely to be treated by psychiatrists?

A) schizophrenia
B) mood disorder
C) anxiety disorder
D) marital problems

Question 33

Compared to psychologists, in their provision of therapy psychiatrists tend to

A) emphasize biomedical treatments more.
B) use group therapies more often.
C) use behavior therapies more often.
D) spend less time working with severely disturbed patients.

Question 34

The idea that interactions designed to help a client develop self-knowledge and thus progress to healthy changes in personality and behavior is the basis for

A) psychopharmacological therapy.
B) emotive therapy.
C) behavioral therapy.
D) insight therapy.

Question 35

Dr. Schwartz practices a form of psychotherapy in which he uses verbal interactions intended to enhance client's self-knowledge and promote healthful changes in personality and behavior. The type of therapy being used by Dr. Schwartz is known as

A) psychopharmacological therapy.
B) emotive therapy.
C) behavioral therapy.
D) insight therapy.

Question 36

In providing psychotherapy, most ____ tend to use either insight therapy or behavior therapy.

A) psychologists and psychiatrists
B) clinical psychologists and psychiatrists
C) clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists
D) counseling psychologists and psychiatrists

Question 37

Which of the following is the MOST complete and accurate list of professionals who provide psychotherapy services?

A) clinical and counseling psychologists
B) clinical and counseling psychologists, and psychiatrists
C) clinical and counseling psychologists, psychiatrists, and clinical social workers
D) clinical and counseling psychologists, psychiatrists, clinical social workers, and psychiatric nurses

Question 38

Clive is a clinical psychologist and his sister Grace is a psychiatrist. The main difference between these two professionals would be the fact that Clive would

A) typically deal with patients who have more severe problems than the patients Grace usually sees.
B) normally treat young children, while Grace would treat more adults.
C) have a degree in psychology, while Grace would have a medical degree.
D) take a psychoanalytic approach in treating patients, while Grace would take a behavioral approach.

Question 39

What do psychoanalytic, client-centered, and cognitive therapies have in common?

A) They all deal with psychotic problems.
B) They all stress insight into the self.
C) They all require an M.D. degree to practice.
D) They all use drugs as part of the treatment.

Question 40

The two principle professions involved in providing psychotherapy are

A) psychologists and psychiatrists.
B) psychologists and psychoanalysts.
C) psychiatrists and psychoanalysts.
D) therapists and counselors.

Question 41

Michelle has been having a recurring dream for the past four months, and during a session with her psychotherapist, the therapist proposed one possible explanation that might give meaning to the images in Michelle's dream. In providing an explanation for the meaning of the dream, the therapist is engaged in

A) interpretation.
B) transference.
C) clarification.
D) free association.

Question 42

Psychoanalysis is a therapy that emphasizes

A) correcting habitual thinking errors.
B) the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses.
C) providing a supportive climate for clients.
D) improving interpersonal skills.

Question 43

Psychoanalysis uses the techniques of ____ to uncover the unconscious conflicts causing an individual's behavior.

A) resistance and transference
B) free association and resistance
C) free association and dream analysis
D) dream analysis and transference

Question 44

All of the following are Freudian techniques to bring unconscious material to consciousness EXCEPT

A) free association.
B) analysis of transference.
C) dream analysis.
D) directed confrontation.

Question 45

In free association,

A) clients relate the events of their dreams as they remember them.
B) clients are restricted to talking about their sexual conflicts only.
C) clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur.
D) therapists openly express their interpretations of clients' thoughts and feelings.

Question 46

A therapist's attempt to explain the significance of a client's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors is referred to as

A) interpretation.
B) debriefing.
C) confrontation.
D) clarification.

Question 47

According to Freud, the events in dreams

A) have no connection to the client's real life and thus are irrelevant in therapy.
B) are symbolic representations of recent events in the client's life.
C) need to be analyzed by the therapist and interpreted for the client.
D) are logical interpretations of random neural activation.

Question 48

Which of the following would Freud consider to be the most direct means of access to the unconscious mind?

A) transference
B) the content of dreams
C) the client's feelings toward the therapist
D) the client's attempts to hinder the progress of therapy

Question 49

Freud believed that psychological disorders are caused by

A) current stressful situations in one's life.
B) inconsistency between one's self-concept and reality.
C) unconscious conflicts left over from early childhood.
D) maladaptive patterns of thinking established in childhood.

Question 50

Freud's approach for the treatment of psychological disorders is

A) psychotherapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) unconscious therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 51

Mario recently started seeing a therapist. At the start of each session, Mario lies down and starts talking about anything that comes to mind. He often rambles, and he sometimes thinks that the things he describes seem trivial or silly, but his therapist encourages him to say whatever comes into his mind. This therapeutic technique is common among therapists who use

A) a client-centered approach in therapy.
B) a cognitive approach in therapy.
C) a psychoanalytic approach in therapy.
D) a holistic approach to therapy.

Question 52

Dr. Stroetz believes that most psychological disorders can be successfully treated by bringing unconscious conflicts and defenses into conscious awareness. Knowing this, you might expect that Dr. Stroetz's bookshelves contain a large number of books written by

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Hans Eysenck.
C) Carl Rogers.
D) Joseph Wolpe.

Question 53

Laura is encouraged by her therapist to talk about absolutely anything that comes to her mind. Over the course of each session as her train of thought wanders, she usually talks about a variety of topics. From time to time her therapist comments on her statements. Laura's therapist can be BEST described as using the technique of

A) resistance.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) dream analysis.
D) free association.

Question 54

Ana has been in psychotherapy for five years. At the start of each session she describes any dreams that she has had since her last session. Her therapist analyzes the symbolism in these dreams, and helps Ana understand the unconscious conflicts that underlie the dreams. In this case, Ana is most likely seeing a therapist who is trained in

A) the client-centered approach.
B) rational-emotive therapy.
C) biofeedback therapy.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 55

All of the following are insight therapies EXCEPT

A) social skills therapy.
B) group therapy.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 56

The use of verbal interactions between the client and therapist designed to enhance the client's self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior BEST describes

A) behavior therapies.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapies.
C) insight therapies.
D) biomedical therapies.

Question 57

You make an appointment to see a therapist, and as you are waiting, you notice that a large number of the books on the therapist's shelves deal with the work of Sigmund Freud. You might expect that this therapist will

A) use counterconditioning to reverse maladaptive behaviors.
B) emphasize the need to bring unconscious conflicts and defenses into conscious awareness.
C) provide a supportive emotional environment while allowing you to determine the pace and direction of your therapy.
D) help you recognize and change negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs.

Question 58

According to Freud, neurosis usually results from unconscious conflicts over

A) power and aggression.
B) sex and aggression.
C) sex and achievement.
D) power and achievement.

Question 59

Freud considered ____ to be the most direct way to access the patient's unconscious or the "royal road to the unconscious."

A) truth-serum
B) hypnosis
C) free association
D) dreams

Question 60

Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of

A) the unconscious.
B) the conscious.
C) irrational thoughts.
D) maladaptive behaviors.

Question 61

Treating the therapist as though he were a very important person from one's past, such as a parent, defines

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) frustration.
D) reaction formation.

Question 62

Psychoanalysts use ____ to help clients gain insight regarding the unconscious meaning of their free associations and dreams.

A) modeling
B) interpretation
C) transference
D) empathy

Question 63

Dr. Spann is a psychoanalytic therapist and over the past two weeks his patient has begun shown increasing hostility, and he often yells and becomes threatening when Dr. Spann offers her interpretations of the things that the patient says during therapy. Dr. Spann should MOST likely deal with the patient's behavior by

A) modeling new behavior for the client.
B) moving to a new topic for discussion.
C) ignoring it and recentering on the real problem.
D) allowing the patient to work through the feelings associated with transference.

Question 64

The psychoanalytic therapist deals with transference by

A) modeling new behavior for the client.
B) moving to a new topic for discussion.
C) ignoring it and recentering on the real problem.
D) allowing the patient to work through the feelings associated with transference.

Question 65

Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers by a client intended to hinder the progress of therapy BEST describes

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) therapeutic obstacles.
D) maladaptive behaviors.

Question 66

Transference in psychoanalytic therapy may reveal itself when the patient

A) transfers from one stage of analysis to another.
B) changes the way the patient feels about people close to the patient.
C) responds to the therapist as though he or she were the patient's parent.
D) shifts social roles during the course of therapy.

Question 67

Research on psychodynamic therapies suggest that the outcome of therapy can be predicted by the amount of

A) transference.
B) free association.
C) resistance.
D) interpretation.

Question 68

At times, individuals decide to terminate therapy at a time the therapist feels is premature and at a point when therapy is about to make significant progress. This is an example of

A) interpretation.
B) repression.
C) transference.
D) resistance.

Question 69

During psychoanalysis when a client begins to start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives the patient is said to be engaging in

A) transference.
B) frustration.
C) resistance.
D) projection.

Question 70

In the rich diversity of psychodynamic approaches to therapy available today, recent research reviews suggest that

A) transference still plays a role, but not interpretation.
B) free association no longer plays a role.
C) interpretation still plays a role, but not transference.
D) interpretation, resistance, and transference still play key roles.

Question 71

Research on psychodynamic therapies suggest that the outcome of therapy suggest that people who exhibit

A) more resistance are less likely to drop out of therapy.
B) less resistance are less likely to drop out of therapy.
C) more transference are less likely to drop out of therapy.
D) less transference are less likely to drop out of therapy.

Question 72

Transference

A) occurs when the client makes conscious attempts to hinder the progress of therapy.
B) refers to the client's redirection toward the therapist of unconscious emotional reactions originally felt toward others.
C) involves transferring memories of past traumatic experiences to current dreams.
D) occurs when the therapist treats the client as though the client was an important authority figure.

Question 73

A client in psychoanalysis has been arriving late for sessions, acting hostile to the analyst, and making up dreams. This is MOST likely

A) transference.
B) frustration.
C) resistance.
D) projection.

Question 74

After several months of psychoanalysis, Andy begins to feel intensely angry with his therapist, although the therapist has been consistently warm and supportive. Andy's feelings are probably

A) due to a misinterpretation of the therapist's behavior.
B) a result of transference.
C) a sign of an impending psychosis.
D) a result of sudden insight about some childhood experience.

Question 75

Doris thinks she is in love with her therapist and has begun to respond to him in that way. Doris is displaying feelings and behavior that psychoanalysts refer to as

A) transference.
B) free association.
C) interpretation.
D) modeling.

Question 76

Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy are referred to as

A) transference.
B) frustration.
C) resistance.
D) projection.

Question 77

Resistance

A) consists primarily of conscious efforts to hinder the progress of therapy.
B) refers to the client's reaction to sexual advances from the therapist.
C) involves largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy.
D) refers to the subtle, primarily unconscious ways in which young children rebel against their parents' demands.

Question 78

George has been in psychotherapy for several months. When he first started therapy George had a very positive relationship with his therapist. However, over the past two weeks he has shown increasing hostility, and he often yells and becomes threatening when his therapist offers her interpretations of the things that George says during therapy. According to Freud, George's behavior may be

A) evidence that his psychological problems are worsening.
B) a sign of repressed free association.
C) evidence of defensive neurosis.
D) a sign of transference.

Question 79

Jimmy has been in psychotherapy for several months, but during the last few sessions he has been distracted and inattentive. When his therapist asks him to describe any dreams he has had recently, Jimmy insists that he doesn't remember any of his dreams. According to Freud, Jimmy's behavior may be a sign of

A) defensive neurosis.
B) resistance.
C) transference.
D) insight.

Question 80

Tasha has been in psychotherapy for just over a year. Lately she has started to express a strong sexual desire for her therapist. Unconsciously she is acting toward him the way she wishes she could act toward her own husband. According to Freud, Tasha's behavior may be a sign of

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) free association.
D) defensive neurosis.