Deck 4: Tissues

Question 1

What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease?

A) autopsy
B) biopsy
C) histology
D) postmortem exam
E) All of these answers are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is a collection of similar cells and surrounding substances?

A) organ
B) tissue
C) organ system
D) extracellular matrix
E) intracellular matrix

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue?

A) little extracellular material
B) rest on a basement membrane
C) has good blood supply within it
D) the cells are thin and flat (not thick)
E) acts as a permeability barrier

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the microscopic study of tissues?

A) anatomy
B) physiology
C) pathology
D) histology
E) embryology

Question 5

Epithelial tissue is characterized by

A) tightly packed cells.
B) absence of any basement membrane.
C) extensive extracellular matrix.
D) a rich blood supply.
E) both tightly packed cells and a rich blood supply.

Question 6

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) endoderm - bone
B) mesoderm - muscle
C) ectoderm - skin
D) neuroectoderm - nervous system
E) neural crest cells - peripheral nervous system, skin pigment, tissues of the face

Question 7

Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its function?

A) simple epithelium - diffusion
B) stratified epithelium - protection
C) squamous epithelium - stretching
D) cuboidal epithelium - absorption
E) columnar epithelium - secretion

Question 8

Epithelial tissue is distinguished from connective, muscular, or nervous tissue by its

A) extracellular matrix.
B) contractility.
C) ability to carry action potentials.
D) ability to serve as insulation.
E) basement membrane.

Question 9

Which of the following categories of epithelium is based on cell shape?

A) columnar
B) keratinized
C) stratified
D) transitional
E) simple

Question 10

The epidermis of the skin is composed of

A) stratified cuboidal epithelium.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) stratified squamous epithelium.
D) irregular dense fibrous connective tissue.
E) stratified columnar epithelium.

Question 11

Which type of epithelium has the following characteristics: multiple layers, squamous cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells?

A) pseudostratified keratinized squamous epithelium
B) simple cuboidal epithelium
C) simple transitional epithelium
D) moist stratified squamous epithelium
E) stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

Question 12

What is the examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease?

A) autopsy
B) biopsy
C) histology
D) embryology
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 13

The embryonic germ layer that is the source of connective tissue and muscle is

A) mesoderm.
B) endoderm.
C) ectoderm.
D) exoderm.
E) neuroectoderm.

Question 14

To determine that a type of epithelium is squamous, which of the following is most important?

A) the number of cell layers
B) the shape of most of the epithelial cells
C) the shape of the most superficial epithelial cells
D) the shape of the basal epithelial cells
E) the shape of the basement membrane

Question 15

Stratified epithelium consists of

A) multiple layers of cells.
B) a single layer of cells.
C) a single layer of cells that changes shape when the tissue is stretched.
D) a multiple layer of cells that appears to change shape when the tissue is stretched.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 16

The various types of epithelium are classified by

A) the size and shape of cells.
B) the shape of cells and number of cell layers.
C) the number of cell layers and size of the cells.
D) the size and location of cells.
E) function and size of cells.

Question 17

The four primary tissue types are

A) epithelial, cartilage, muscular, and brain.
B) connective, epithelial, skin, and blood.
C) epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
D) glands, bone, lungs, and kidney.
E) bone, skin, blood, and muscle.

Question 18

The extracellular material found in tissues is called

A) plasma.
B) lymph.
C) matrix.
D) fibroblast.
E) cytoplasm.

Question 19

Which of the following cell organelles would be most important in secretory epithelial cells?

A) cilia
B) Golgi apparatus
C) lysosomes
D) desmosomes
E) microtubules

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

A) conduction of action potentials
B) secretion and absorption of molecules
C) support of other tissue types
D) contraction
E) shock absorption

Question 21

What is the permeability barrier that joins the cell membranes of adjacent cells to form a tight seal?

A) hemidesmosomes
B) adhesion belt
C) tight junction
D) gap junction
E) desmosomes

Question 22

What is a disk-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another?

A) hemidesmosomes
B) adhesion belt
C) tight junction
D) gap junction
E) desmosomes

Question 23

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach?

A) simple cuboidal epithelium
B) simple columnar epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 24

Structures that function in intercellular communication are

A) desmosomes.
B) tight junctions.
C) hemidesmosomes.
D) gap junctions.
E) centrioles.

Question 25

Epithelium that is primarily secretory in function would most likely be

A) simple squamous.
B) stratified squamous.
C) keratinized columnar.
D) transitional.
E) simple cuboidal.

Question 26

Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many

A) desmosomes.
B) gap junctions.
C) tight junctions.
D) basement junctions.
E) intercalated discs.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Secretory epithelial cells are usually cuboidal or columnar in shape.
B) The movement of materials through epithelium is enhanced by simple squamous epithelium.
C) Stratified epithelium is adapted for a protective role.
D) Columnar epithelial cells promote diffusion.
E) Cuboidal epithelium is found in areas where absorption occurs.

Question 28

All cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces is a description of

A) mesoderm.
B) neuroglia.
C) membrane.
D) dendrite.
E) pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Question 29

If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of

A) connective tissue.
B) keratinized epithelium.
C) stratified squamous epithelium.
D) simple columnar epithelium.
E) simple squamous epithelium.

Question 30

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?

A) simple cuboidal epithelium
B) simple columnar epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 31

What is the girdle of glycoproteins just below the tight junction between epithelial cells?

A) hemidesmosomes
B) adhesion belt
C) intercalated disks
D) gap junction
E) desmosomes

Question 32

What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane?

A) hemidesmosomes
B) adhesion belt
C) tight junction
D) gap junction
E) desmosomes

Question 33

What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea?

A) simple cuboidal epithelium
B) simple columnar epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 34

What is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells?

A) hemidesmosomes
B) adhesion belt
C) tight junction
D) gap junction
E) desmosomes

Question 35

The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a

A) hemidesmosome.
B) desmosome.
C) gap junction.
D) intercalated disc.
E) tight junction.

Question 36

Which of the following statements concerning epithelial cell surfaces is false?

A) Smooth surfaces reduce friction.
B) Epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid.
C) Cilia propel materials along the surface of an epithelial cell.
D) Epithelial cells with microvilli are involved in absorption.
E) Epithelium with folded surfaces can change shape.

Question 37

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth?

A) simple cuboidal epithelium
B) simple columnar epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 38

An example of a gap junction is

A) a desmosome.
B) an adhesion belt.
C) a striation.
D) an intercalated disk.
E) goblet cell.

Question 39

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidney tubules?

A) simple cuboidal epithelium
B) simple columnar epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 40

A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of cells, cells are narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most consistent with those observations? (1) active transport
(2) epithelium
(3) simple epithelium
(4) columnar epithelium
(5) cuboidal epithelium
(6) squamous epithelium
(7) secretion by exocytosis
(8) movement of mucous across its surface

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7
B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 7
C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 8
D) 2, 3, 4, 8
E) 2, 3, 4, 7

Question 41

Connective tissue is separated into subgroups based on the

A) cell type.
B) shape of the cells.
C) number of cell layers.
D) cell functions.
E) structure of the extracellular matrix.

Question 42

Which tissue type forms glands?

A) connective
B) epithelial
C) muscle
D) nervous
E) neuroectoderm

Question 43

What type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion?

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) merocrine
D) apocrine
E) holocrine

Question 44

What type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?

A) mast cells
B) adipocytes
C) osteoclast
D) stem cells
E) macrophages

Question 45

Which of the following is classified as a holocrine gland?

A) sweat gland
B) salivary gland
C) sebaceous gland
D) mammary gland
E) exocrine part of pancreas

Question 46

What type of gland does not have ducts?

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) merocrine
D) apocrine
E) holocrine

Question 47

Glands whose ducts have few branches are called

A) simple.
B) compound.
C) acinar.
D) alveolar.
E) branchless.

Question 48

What type of gland possesses ducts?

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) ectocrine
D) epicrine
E) hypocrine

Question 49

A gland produces a watery secretion that contains solutes. The secretion also contains a substantial amount of phospholipid. The type of secretory process for this gland is probably

A) merocrine.
B) holocrine.
C) apocrine.
D) endocrine.
E) both merocrine and apocrine.

Question 50

The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly

A) onto the skin surface.
B) into the bloodstream.
C) into a gland duct.
D) into the nervous tissue.
E) into the lumen of a tube.

Question 51

What type of gland accumulates its secretion in the cytoplasm of the cell, the cell then ruptures and becomes part of the secretion?

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) merocrine
D) apocrine
E) holocrine

Question 52

What type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete its product?

A) merocrine
B) apocrine
C) holocrine
D) endocrine
E) solocrine

Question 53

A thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called

A) serous fluid.
B) synovial fluid.
C) plasma.
D) saliva.
E) mucus.

Question 54

What type of gland excretes products by secretion into the blood?

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) merocrine
D) apocrine
E) holocrine

Question 55

Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland

A) is a secretory organ.
B) sheds cells with its secretions.
C) has no ducts.
D) contains goblet cells.
E) secretes to a surface.

Question 56

A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a

A) fibroclast.
B) fibrocyte.
C) fibroblast.
D) fibroid.
E) fibromast.

Question 57

A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it

A) consists of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them.
B) has no blood supply to the tissue.
C) covers the outside of organs.
D) is commonly found lining body cavities.
E) contracts.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

A) transport
B) support
C) storage
D) contraction
E) insulation

Question 59

A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as

A) simple acinar.
B) compound acinar.
C) simple branched tubular.
D) multicellular.
E) simple coiled tubular.

Question 60

Macrophages are cells specialized for

A) support.
B) absorption.
C) secretion.
D) phagocytosis
E) carrying gases.

Question 61

Which of the following molecules consists of numerous polysaccharides attached to a protein core?

A) collagen
B) proteoglycan
C) elastin
D) reticulin
E) hyaluronic acid

Question 62

What type of cells release chemicals in response to injury and play an important role in inflammation?

A) mast cells
B) adipocytes
C) osteoclast
D) stem cells
E) macrophages

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT an adhesive molecule found in the ground substance of connective tissue?

A) fibronectin
B) chondronectin
C) chondroitin sulfate
D) osteonectin

Question 64

What type of cells contain large amounts of lipids?

A) mast cells
B) adipocytes
C) osteoclast
D) stem cells
E) macrophages

Question 65

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue would be found in

A) a nerve.
B) the brain.
C) a ligament.
D) a skull bone.
E) a lymph node.

Question 66

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue contains

A) adipose.
B) plasma.
C) serous fluid.
D) synoval fluid.
E) proteoglycans.

Question 67

Proteoglycans trap large quantities of water and spring back to original shape after compression. They are found in

A) neurons.
B) tendons.
C) muscles.
D) intervertebral discs.
E) bones.

Question 68

A coiled fibrous protein in connective tissue that is stretchy is called

A) a reticular fiber.
B) proteoglycan.
C) elastin.
D) collagen.
E) hyaluronic acid.

Question 69

Connective tissue in tendons is

A) dense regular collagenous tissue.
B) dense regular elastic tissue.
C) dense irregular collagenous tissue.
D) dense irregular elastic tissue.
E) reticular tissue.

Question 70

What type of cells phagocytize foreign or injured cells and play a major role in providing protection against infections?

A) mast cells
B) adipocytes
C) osteoclast
D) stem cells
E) macrophages

Question 71

The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are

A) hyaluronic acid, collagen, and reticular fibers.
B) proteoglycan, elastin, and reticular fibers.
C) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
D) proteoglycan, elastin, and hyaluronic acid.
E) chondronectic, osteonectin, fibronectin

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Areolar tissue is tightly packed.
B) Dense connective tissue has a fluid matrix.
C) Mast cells are found in abundance in dense connective tissue.
D) Collagen fibers provide strength to dense connective tissue.
E) Elastic tissue is flexible, but not stretchy.

Question 73

Which of the following matrix molecules tends to trap large quantities of water?

A) collagen
B) proteoglycan
C) elastin
D) hyaluronic acid
E) reticular fibers

Question 74

Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissues all contain

A) phospholipids.
B) carbohydrates.
C) adipose tissue.
D) proteins.
E) triglycerides.

Question 75

Which of the following structures is likely to consist of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue?

A) tendons
B) cartilage
C) elastic ligaments
D) bone
E) dermis of the skin

Question 76

Which of the following statements concerning collagen is false?

A) Collagen is a common protein in the body.
B) Collagen is composed of collagen $\alpha$ -chains.
C) Collagen is strong and flexible.
D) Collagen is elastic and stretches
E) There are at least 20 different types of collagen in the body.

Question 77

Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid

A) resists stretching.
B) functions as an insulator.
C) is a good lubricant for joint cavities.
D) promotes oxygen transport in the plasma.
E) is a protein.

Question 78

What type of cells break down bone tissue?

A) mast cells
B) adipocytes
C) osteoclast
D) stem cells
E) macrophages

Question 79

A long, unbranched polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue is

A) proteoglycan.
B) tropocollagen.
C) hyaluronic acid.
D) chondronectin.

Question 80

A tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to mainly this kind of tissue?

A) broken femur bone
B) bullet penetrating the abdominal wall
C) broken nose
D) tear in the cartilage of the knee
E) tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone