Deck 1: The Human Organism

Question 1

Studies at the biochemical and molecular levels would be most appropriate for learning about the

A) locations of body parts.
B) gross anatomy of bones.
C) physiological functions of organs.
D) ecological niches of humans.
E) systemic anatomy.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which body system would be affected by degeneration of cartilage in joints?

A) muscular
B) nervous
C) cardiovascular
D) skeletal
E) lymphatic

Answer 2

D

Question 3

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the function of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n)

A) neurologist.
B) anatomist.
C) engineer.
D) physiologist.
E) histologist.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the

A) endocrine system.
B) cardiovascular system.
C) skeletal system.
D) respiratory system.
E) digestive system.

Question 5

Which of the following activities would represent a physiological study?

A) observing the structure of the interior of the heart
B) studying a model of the kidney
C) examining the surface of a bone
D) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
E) determining normal blood sugar levels for 20-year-old students

Question 6

Organize the following structural levels of the human body from simplest to most complex. (1) cell
(2) tissue
(3) chemical
(4) organ system
(5) organ

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5
C) 3, 1, 2, 5, 4
D) 4, 2, 3, 1, 5
E) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5

Question 7

The study of the structural features and functions of the cell is

A) cytology.
B) histology.
C) molecular biology.
D) microbiology.
E) surface anatomy.

Question 8

Consider the following structural levels: chemical, organ, tissue, cell, and organ system. Which level encompasses the other four?

A) tissue
B) organ system
C) organ
D) chemical
E) cell

Question 9

Which organ system is the location of blood cell production?

A) cardiovascular
B) skeletal
C) digestive
D) nervous
E) endocrine

Question 10

The study of tissues is

A) cytology.
B) histology.
C) molecular biology.
D) microbiology.
E) surface anatomy.

Question 11

Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?

A) nervous
B) cardiovascular
C) urinary
D) lymphatic
E) respiratory

Question 12

A tissue is a

A) structure contained within a cell.
B) lower level of organization than a cell.
C) group of organs that performs specific functions.
D) group of cells with similar structure and function.
E) structure that contains a group of organs.

Question 13

Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines?

A) histology
B) physiology
C) gross anatomy
D) radiology
E) regional anatomy

Question 14

Knowledge of the structure of body parts helps us to understand their function. Which of the following is an accurate example of that principle?

A) The basic structural unit of the body is the cell.
B) The internal environment of the body is maintained in a relatively stable condition.
C) Moveable joints allow us to bend our fingers to perform many different actions.
D) Each tissue type is composed of cells that have a similar structure and function.
E) Negative feedback is not homeostatic.

Question 15

The study of the body's organization by areas is

A) systemic anatomy.
B) regional anatomy.
C) molecular biology.
D) microbiology.
E) surface anatomy.

Question 16

The integumentary system

A) regulates body temperature.
B) breaks down food into small particles for absorption.
C) controls intellectual functions.
D) produces body movements.
E) coordinates and integrates body function.

Question 17

The study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is

A) systemic anatomy.
B) regional anatomy.
C) molecular biology.
D) microbiology.
E) surface anatomy.

Question 18

Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together?

A) regional
B) developmental
C) systemic
D) histology
E) surface anatomy

Question 19

Anatomy is

A) the study of function.
B) a branch of physiology.
C) the study of structure.
D) the study of living organisms.
E) the study of homeostasis.

Question 20

Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following?

A) histology
B) physiology
C) gross anatomy
D) radiology
E) cytology

Question 21

An organ is

A) a small structure within a cell.
B) a structure composed of several tissue types.
C) the basic structural unit of all living organisms.
D) a group of molecules with a common set of functions.
E) a group of cells with similar structure and function.

Question 22

An organ system is

A) a small structure within a cell.
B) a structure composed of several tissue types.
C) the basic structural unit of all living organisms.
D) a group of organs with a common set of functions.
E) a group of cells with similar structure and function.

Question 23

Homeostasis is defined as

A) the production of energy by cells.
B) the combination of growth, self-repair, and energy release.
C) an amplification of deviation from the normal range.
D) the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.
E) a condition in the body that does not involve fluctuation.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT the correct name of an organ system?

A) integumentary
B) lymphatic
C) cardiovascular
D) muscular
E) hormonal

Question 25

Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis?

A) As body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body.
B) When a person drinks large quantities of water, urine output decreases to raise blood volume.
C) Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to decline.
D) Decreases in blood pressure cause a corresponding decrease in heart rate.
E) As blood pressure falls, blood flow to the heart decreases.

Question 26

The change in the shape of tissues or organs is called

A) reproduction.
B) growth.
C) differentiation.
D) metabolism.
E) morphogenesis.

Question 27

What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance?

A) respiratory
B) lymphatic
C) cardiovascular
D) immune
E) urinary

Question 28

An increase in the number of cells is

A) reproduction.
B) growth.
C) differentiation.
D) metabolism.
E) organization.

Question 29

A researcher discovered a sensory receptor that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in the blood. According to the principles of negative feedback, it is likely that stimulation of this sensory receptor will produce which of the following types of responses?

A) a decrease in heart rate
B) an increase in the respiratory rate
C) an increase in physical activity
D) unconsciousness
E) both a decrease in heart rate and an increase in the respiratory rate

Question 30

A researcher discovered a new hormone that raises blood calcium levels. According to the principles of negative feedback, this hormone would be secreted when

A) blood calcium levels increase.
B) blood calcium levels decrease.
C) blood calcium levels are stable.
D) blood calcium levels are elevated.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 31

A cell is

A) a small structure within a molecule.
B) a structure composed of several tissue types.
C) the basic structural unit of living organisms.
D) a group of organs with a common set of functions.
E) a group of atoms with similar structure and function.

Question 32

A blood clot stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of

A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) neutral feedback.
D) metabolism.
E) There is no feedback involved.

Question 33

Which of the following is most similar to the negative feedback mechanism in human physiology?

A) A car runs out of gas and stops.
B) A teacher marks all the wrong answers on students' exam papers.
C) A toilet tank stops refilling once its full after a flush.
D) An automatic door opens as soon as somebody approaches it.
E) A clock ticks on a shelf.

Question 34

An organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of

A) metabolism.
B) responsiveness.
C) organization.
D) maturation.
E) development.

Question 35

Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of

A) respiration.
B) digestion.
C) movement.
D) filtration.
E) responsiveness.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a component of a negative feedback mechanism?

A) effector
B) stabilizer
C) control center
D) receptor

Question 37

The changes an organism undergoes through time is called

A) organization.
B) metabolism.
C) reproduction.
D) growth.
E) development.

Question 38

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector

A) reverses the original stimulus.
B) enhances the original stimulus.
C) has no effect on the original stimulus.
D) is usually damaging to the body.
E) creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis.

Question 39

Which of the following is most consistent with homeostasis?

A) As blood pressure falls, blood flow to cardiac (heart) muscle decreases.
B) As the mean blood pressure gradually increases in aging people, the blood vessel walls become thinner.
C) Men working in a hot environment drink large quantities of water, and their urine volume increases.
D) As body temperature decreases, blood vessels in the periphery dilate.
E) Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion (insulin causes cells to take up glucose) to increase.

Question 40

An organelle is

A) a small structure within a cell.
B) a structure composed of several tissue types.
C) the basic structural unit of all living organisms.
D) a group of organs with a common set of functions.
E) a group of cells with similar structure and function.

Question 41

While Stacy is in the process of passing over the bar during a pole vault, her hips are considered to be

A) anterior to her shoulders.
B) posterior to her shoulders.
C) inferior to her shoulders.
D) superior to her shoulders.
E) cephalic to her shoulders.

Question 42

A term that means "toward the attached end of a limb" is

A) medial.
B) lateral.
C) superficial.
D) distal.
E) proximal.

Question 43

Positive-feedback mechanisms are always damaging to the body.

Question 44

Posterior means

A) toward the middle or midline of the body.
B) away from the surface.
C) closer to the head.
D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
E) toward the back of the body.

Question 45

The lumbar region is the

A) area in front of the elbow.
B) chest area.
C) lower back.
D) bottom of foot.
E) forearm.

Question 46

The shoulder is _____ to the elbow.

A) lateral
B) dorsal
C) distal
D) ventral
E) proximal

Question 47

The antecubital region is the

A) area in front of the elbow.
B) chest area.
C) lower back.
D) bottom of foot.
E) forearm.

Question 48

The term "dorsal" means

A) further from the point of attachment to the body.
B) to lie with the anterior surface down.
C) toward the back of the body.
D) away from the midline.
E) toward the front of the body.

Question 49

Which of the following describes the position of the nose?

A) inferior to the chin
B) superior to the forehead
C) posterior to the ears
D) lateral to the eyes
E) superior to the mouth

Question 50

Medial means

A) toward the middle or midline of the body.
B) away from the surface.
C) closer to the head.
D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
E) toward the back of the body.

Question 51

The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

A) medial.
B) proximal.
C) distal.
D) lateral.
E) superficial.

Question 52

Which of the following is most inferior in location?

A) pelvic cavity
B) mediastinum
C) diaphragm
D) pleural cavity
E) pericardial cavity

Question 53

Which of the following sets of directional terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites?

A) distal and proximal
B) medial and inferior
C) superior and ventral
D) anterior and deep
E) lateral and superior

Question 54

Deep means

A) toward the middle or midline of the body.
B) away from the surface.
C) closer to the head.
D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
E) toward the back of the body.

Question 55

The anatomical arm refers to the part of the upper limb from the

A) shoulder to the wrist.
B) elbow to the wrist.
C) shoulder to the elbow.
D) elbow to the fingers.
E) shoulder to the fingers.

Question 56

In the anatomical position, the

A) arms are crossed over the chest.
B) palms of the hands face posteriorly.
C) body is erect with the head turned to the right.
D) thumbs point to the midline of the body.
E) palms of the hands face anteriorly.

Question 57

Proximal means

A) toward the middle or midline of the body.
B) away from the surface.
C) closer to the head.
D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
E) toward the back of the body.

Question 58

Cephalic means

A) toward the middle or midline of the body.
B) away from the surface.
C) closer to the head.
D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
E) toward the back of the body.

Question 59

The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger).

A) distal
B) lateral
C) medial
D) proximal
E) superficial

Question 60

In the expression "Let your fingers do the walking," which of the following anatomical terms could be substituted for "fingers?"

A) tarsals
B) manuals
C) digits
D) carpals
E) metatarsals

Question 61

Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the appendix?

A) hypogastric
B) right iliac
C) right lumbar
D) umbilical
E) left iliac

Question 62

The femoral region is the

A) calf.
B) armpit.
C) hollow behind the knee.
D) neck.
E) thigh.

Question 63

The inguinal region is commonly known as the

A) groin.
B) buttock.
C) breastbone.
D) upper arm.
E) naval.

Question 64

The sural region is the

A) calf.
B) armpit.
C) hollow behind the knee.
D) neck.
E) thigh.

Question 65

The umbilical region is commonly known as the

A) groin.
B) buttock.
C) breastbone.
D) upper arm.
E) naval.

Question 66

The cervical region is the

A) calf.
B) armpit.
C) hollow behind the knee.
D) neck.
E) thigh.

Question 67

The pectoral region is the

A) area in front of the elbow.
B) chest area.
C) lower back.
D) bottom of foot.
E) forearm.

Question 68

The axillary region is the

A) calf.
B) armpit.
C) hollow behind the knee.
D) neck.
E) thigh.

Question 69

A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a _____ plane.

A) sagittal
B) transverse
C) frontal
D) horizontal
E) coronal

Question 70

The brachial region is commonly known as the

A) groin.
B) buttock.
C) breastbone.
D) upper arm.
E) naval.

Question 71

Amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the _____ plane.

A) coronal
B) median
C) transverse
D) frontal
E) lateral

Question 72

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the

A) sternum.
B) diaphragm.
C) mediastinum.
D) mesentery.
E) pericardial cavity.

Question 73

The gluteal region is commonly known as the

A) groin.
B) buttock.
C) breastbone.
D) upper arm.
E) naval.

Question 74

The antebrachial region is the

A) area in front of the elbow.
B) chest area.
C) lower back.
D) bottom of foot.
E) forearm.

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT found in the epigastric region?

A) liver
B) stomach
C) urinary bladder
D) duodenum
E) large intestine

Question 76

The plantar surface is the

A) area in front of the elbow.
B) chest area.
C) lower back.
D) bottom of foot.
E) forearm.

Question 77

What plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?

A) coronal
B) transverse
C) median
D) sagittal
E) frontal

Question 78

The popliteal region is the

A) calf.
B) armpit.
C) hollow behind the knee.
D) neck.
E) thigh.

Question 79

The sternal region is commonly known as the

A) groin.
B) buttock.
C) breastbone.
D) upper arm.
E) naval.

Question 80

"Cutting off your nose" would be a section in the _____ plane.

A) coronal
B) nasal
C) median
D) transverse
E) sagittal