Deck 17: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Question 1

Which of the following hormones are produced in the hypothalamus?

A) ACTH
B) Oxytocin
C) PRL
D) TSH

Answer 1

Oxytocin

Question 2

Target cells for oxytocin are located in the:

A) renal tubules.
B) thymus.
C) liver.
D) uterus.

Answer 2

uterus.

Question 3

Lipid-soluble hormone receptors cross the plasma membrane by:

A) diffusion.
B) osmosis.
C) active transport.
D) endocytosis.

Answer 3

diffusion.

Question 4

Removal of the posterior pituitary would cause a decrease in the release of which hormone?

A) PRL
B) ADH
C) ACTH
D) GH

Question 5

Prolactin-inhibiting factor's target tissue is the:

A) hypothalamus.
B) anterior pituitary.
C) mammary glands.
D) posterior pituitary.

Question 6

A new hormone was isolated and found to be a water-soluble amine. Which of the following is most like this new hormone?

A) GH
B) LH
C) ADH
D) Epinephrine

Question 7

To adapt to high hormone concentrations, many target cells have the capacity for:

A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) down-regulation.
D) up-regulation.

Question 8

Which of the following is a protein hormone?

A) Thyroxine (T₄)
B) Aldosterone
C) Testosterone
D) Insulin

Question 9

The hormone whose action leads to receptor autophosphorylation and activation of tyrosine kinase is:

A) GH.
B) PRL.
C) insulin.
D) estrogen.

Question 10

A 45-year-old female has elevated thyroxine production. Which of the following would accompany this condition?

A) Increased TRH
B) Increased anterior pituitary stimulation
C) Decreased T₃
D) Decreased TSH

Question 11

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by:

A) low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys.
B) high serum osmolarity sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
C) low osmolarity sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys.
D) high concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body.

Question 12

A 50-year-old male patient is deficient in ADH production. Which of the following would be an expected symptom?

A) Increased blood volume
B) Increased urine osmolality
C) Increased urine volume
D) Increased arterial vasoconstriction

Question 13

A 50-year-old female patient underwent surgery to remove a pituitary tumor. During surgery, the pituitary stalk was severed. Secretion of which of the following hormones would increase?

A) PRL
B) TSH
C) GH
D) LH

Question 14

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are secreted into the bloodstream as active hormones by the:

A) anterior pituitary.
B) posterior pituitary.
C) hypothalamus.
D) pineal gland.

Question 15

The releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary via the:

A) vessels of the zona fasciculata.
B) neurons in the infundibular stem.
C) median eminence and pars nervosa.
D) hypophysial portal system.

Question 16

Regulation of the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla is an example of _____ regulation.

A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) neural
D) substrate level dependent

Question 17

When insulin binds to its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells occurs. This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone.

A) pharmacologic
B) permissive
C) synergistic
D) direct

Question 18

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Synthesis of which of the following would decrease in this patient?

A) Corticosteroid B globulin
B) Sex hormone binding globulin
C) Thyroid binding globulin
D) Albumin

Question 19

Target cell receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located in the:

A) cytosol.
B) cell membrane.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nucleus.

Question 20

Antidiuretic hormone is important in:

A) the body's water balance and urine concentration.
B) maintaining electrolyte levels and concentrations.
C) follicular maturation.
D) regulation of metabolic processes.

Question 21

Catecholamines promote:

A) nutrient absorption.
B) fluid retention.
C) hypotension.
D) hyperglycemia.

Question 22

A 30-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the pancreas alpha cells. Which of the following would most likely be increased in this patient?

A) Amylin
B) Glucagon
C) Insulin
D) Somatostatin

Question 23

The main site of aldosterone synthesis is the:

A) liver.
B) kidneys.
C) adrenal cortex.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 24

Which of the following alterations would slow down the rate of parathyroid hormone secretion?

A) Increased serum calcium levels
B) Decreased serum calcium levels
C) Decreased levels of TSH
D) Increased levels of TSH

Question 25

A 70-year-old female has brittle bones secondary to osteoporosis. Her physician prescribes calcitonin to:

A) activate vitamin D.
B) stimulate osteoclastic activity.
C) inhibit calcium resorption from bones.
D) promote thyroid hormone release.

Question 26

A 15-year-old male took an illicit drug that acts by directly inhibiting phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Secretion of which of the following hormones would be inhibited?

A) Dopamine
B) Epinephrine
C) Norepinephrine
D) Tyrosine

Question 27

Insulin has an effect on which of the following groups of electrolytes?

A) Sodium, chloride, phosphate
B) Calcium, magnesium, potassium
C) Hydrogen, bicarbonate, chloride
D) Potassium, magnesium, phosphate

Question 28

A 39-year-old female underwent surgery to remove an adrenal tumor. To completely remove it, the zona glomerulosa had to be removed. Secretion of which of the following hormones would be expected to decrease?

A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Epinephrine
D) Testosterone

Question 29

Aldosterone secretion is regulated by:

A) the sympathetic nervous system.
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
C) the renin-angiotension system.
D) positive feedback control systems.

Question 30

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A) Cortisol
B) Epinephrine
C) Androgens
D) Estrogens

Question 31

A 50-year-old male with one kidney had to undergo surgery for an adrenal tumor. His zona glomerulosa was largely removed during the surgery. Which of the following would most likely occur?

A) Hypernatremia
B) Dehydration
C) Hypokalemia
D) Alkalosis

Question 32

The most potent naturally occurring glucocorticoid is:

A) aldosterone.
B) testosterone.
C) cortisol.
D) prolactin.

Question 33

An essential ingredient for thyroid hormone synthesis is:

A) zinc.
B) sodium.
C) iodine.
D) calcium.

Question 34

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release can be stimulated by:

A) high serum levels of cortisol.
B) hypotension.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) stress.

Question 35

A 40-year-old male undergoes surgery for a parathyroid hormone-secreting tumor. Which of the following would be expected following surgery?

A) Increased serum calcium
B) Decreased bone formation
C) Decreased calcium reabsorption in the kidney
D) Increased calcitonin

Question 36

Insulin is primarily regulated by:

A) metabolic rate.
B) serum glucose levels.
C) prostaglandins.
D) enzyme activation.