Deck 13: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Question 1

A 50-year-old male cut his hand off while working in a sawmill. Several years later he still sporadically feels pain in the absent hand. This pain is referred to as:

A) neuropathic pain.
B) peripheral pain.
C) central pain.
D) chronic pain.

Answer 1

central pain.

Question 2

One location in which nociceptors can be found is the:

A) skin.
B) spinal cord.
C) efferent pathways.
D) hypothalamus.

Answer 2

skin.

Question 3

Hikers are attempting to cross the Arizona deserts with a small supply of water. The temperatures cause them to sweat profusely and become dehydrated. This condition is referred to as:

A) heat cramping.
B) heat exhaustion.
C) heat stroke.
D) malignant hyperthermia.

Answer 3

heat exhaustion.

Question 4

A 25-year-old female received a prescription for a weight loss pill. One effect of the pill is to increase the release of epinephrine. Which of the following would be expected to also occur?

A) Increased vascular tone
B) Increased skeletal muscle tone
C) Increased heat production
D) Decreased basal metabolic rate

Question 5

The theory that explains how pricking a finger with a needle provides minimal pain while cutting the finger with a knife provides more severe pain is the:

A) gate control theory.
B) neuromatrix theory.
C) specificity theory.
D) neuromodulation.

Question 6

The system responsible for an individual's conditioned or learned approach or avoidance behavior in response to pain is the:

A) sensory/discriminative system.
B) motivational/affective system.
C) sensory/motivational system.
D) cognitive/evaluative system.

Question 7

Exogenous pyrogens are:

A) interleukins.
B) endotoxins.
C) prostaglandins.
D) corticotropin-releasing factors.

Question 8

Chronic pain is pain that has lasted longer than:

A) 1 month.
B) 3 to 6 months.
C) 1 year.
D) 2 to 3 years.

Question 9

For evaporation to function effectively as a means of dissipating excess body heat, which one of the following conditions must be present?

A) Moisture
B) Fever
C) Pyrogens
D) Trauma

Question 10

Why do infants have problems with thermoregulation?

A) They cannot conserve heat.
B) They do not shiver.
C) They rarely sweat.
D) They have decreased metabolic rates.

Question 11

Heat loss from the body via convection occurs by:

A) emanations of electromagnetic waves.
B) transfer of heat through currents of liquids or gas.
C) dilations of blood vessels bringing blood to skin surfaces.
D) direct heat loss from molecule to molecule transfer.

Question 12

A 15-year-old female scrapes her knee while playing soccer and complains of sharp and well-localized pain. Which of the following would most accurately characterize her pain?

A) Chronic pain
B) Referred pain
C) Somatic pain
D) Visceral pain

Question 13

Together, the reticular activating system and midbrain are responsible for:

A) perceiving pain.
B) discriminating different types of pain.
C) relaying pain information to the cerebrum.
D) modulating the pain response.

Question 14

One of the primary organs responsible for heat production is the:

A) pancreas.
B) liver.
C) adrenal gland.
D) heart.

Question 15

A 5-year-old female breaks her leg after falling from a merry-go-round. Which of the following would be released from the midbrain to modulate her pain?

A) . $\beta$ -Endorphin
B) Enkephalin
C) Endomorphin
D) Dynorphin

Question 16

Which CNS tract is responsible for carrying sensory information to the brain concerning dull and burning pain?

A) Neospinothalamic
B) Paleospinothalamic
C) Archeospinothalamic
D) Reticulospinal

Question 17

Regulation of body temperature primarily occurs in the:

A) cerebrum.
B) brain stem.
C) hypothalamus.
D) pituitary gland.

Question 18

The cyclical temperature fluctuation occurring on a daily basis is the body's:

A) thermogenesis cycle.
B) thermoconductive phases.
C) adaptive pattern.
D) circadian rhythm.

Question 19

The pain threshold in children is:

A) higher than that of adults.
B) lower than that of adults.
C) the same as that of adults.
D) not related to that of adults.

Question 20

Fever is activated by which thermoregulatory mechanism?

A) The body's thermostat is adjusted to a lower temperature.
B) Temperature is raised above the set point.
C) Bacteria directly stimulate peripheral thermogenesis.
D) The body's thermostat is reset to a higher level.

Question 21

The most common form of sensorineural hearing loss in the elderly is:

A) conductive hearing loss.
B) acute otitis media.
C) presbycusis.
D) Ménière disease.

Question 22

Red-green color blindness most often occurs in:

A) males.
B) females.
C) elderly persons.
D) children.

Question 23

Which sleep phase shows EEG patterns with brain activity similar to the normal awake pattern?

A) Non-REM
B) Fast wave
C) REM
D) Delta wave

Question 24

The structure of the eye that prevents light from scattering in the eye is the:

A) iris.
B) pupil.
C) choroid.
D) retina.

Question 25

Loss of temperature control occurs in:

A) non-REM sleep.
B) light sleep.
C) REM sleep.
D) delta wave sleep.

Question 26

A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with an outer ear infection. Which of the following is most likely to cause this infection?

A) Haemophilus
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
C) Moraxella catarrhalis
D) Escherichia coli

Question 27

Therapeutic hypothermia is seen with:

A) malnutrition.
B) hypothyroidism.
C) reimplantation surgery.
D) Parkinson disease.

Question 28

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs about every:

A) 15 minutes.
B) 30 minutes.
C) 60 minutes.
D) 90 minutes.

Question 29

Which structure connects the middle ear with the pharynx?

A) Organ of Corti
B) Eustachian tube
C) Semicircular canal
D) Auditory canal

Question 30

A 52-year-old male enters a sleep study to gather information about his sleep disturbances. He reports that his wife will not let him sleep in the bed with her until he stops snoring so loudly. He also reports feeling tired a lot through the day. He is most likely suffering from:

A) insomnia.
B) obstructive sleep apnea.
C) somnambulism.
D) jet-lag syndrome.

Question 31

Characteristics of heat stroke include:

A) mild elevation of core body temperatures.
B) cerebral edema and degeneration of the CNS.
C) spasmodic cramping in the abdomen and extremities.
D) alterations in calcium uptake.

Question 32

A 10-year-old male sneaks into a meat freezer at the local supermarket. Fearing he will get caught if he comes out, he decides to stay in there for several hours until the store closes. While in the cooler his body is most likely experiencing:

A) increased respirations.
B) ischemic tissue damage.
C) central nervous system excitation.
D) increased cellular metabolism.

Question 33

A 70-year-old male presents to his physician complaining of loss of vision. He reports that he has hypertension and smokes cigarettes. Which of the following disorders is most likely causing his visual loss?

A) Presbyopia
B) Macular degeneration
C) Strabismus
D) Amblyopia

Question 34

Which disease is associated with increased intraocular pressures?

A) Glaucoma
B) Ocular degeneration
C) Diplopia
D) Astigmatism

Question 35

A 35-year-old female presents with watering and severely reddened eyes. She reports being very sensitive to light. Her physician determined it was viral conjunctivitis caused by:

A) secondary bacterial infections.
B) cytomegalovirus.
C) herpes virus.
D) adenovirus.

Question 36

A young child presents to the ophthalmologist for visual difficulties secondary to eye deviation. One of the child's eyes deviates outward, thereby decreasing the visual field. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely?

A) Entropia
B) Exotropia
C) Diplopia
D) Nystagmus

Question 37

Most dreams occur during:

A) non-REM sleep.
B) alpha wave sleep.
C) REM sleep.
D) delta wave sleep.

Question 38

A 50-year-old diabetic patient experiences visual disturbances and decides to visit his physician. After examination, the physician tells the patient that the cells that allow him to see are degenerated. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?

A) Lens
B) Pupil
C) Cornea
D) Retina

Question 39

A 12-month-old child suffers from sudden apparent arousals in which she expresses intense fear or other emotion. Her mother reports that she seems to wake screaming but that she is difficult to waken completely. The child most likely suffers from:

A) night terrors.
B) nightmares.
C) somnambulism.
D) enuresis episodes.