Deck 10: Nutrients for Energy Metabolism

Question 1

What is a precursor?

A) a conditionally essential vitamin
B) a sign or symptom of a vitamin deficiency disorder
C) a substance that is used to synthesize another compound
D) a substance that is recycled through the liver and intestines

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Approximately what percentage of alcoholics exhibit thiamin deficiency?

A) 20 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 80 percent

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When the water-soluble vitamins are absorbed, to which location in the body do they directly move toward?

A) the blood
B) the lymph nodes
C) the liver
D) the small intestine

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, the body treats the excess in which of the following ways?

A) stored in the adipose tissue
B) excretes primarily in the urine
C) excretes primarily in the feces
D) stores in liver, bone, and adipose tissue

Question 5

Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?

A) B vitamins are a source of kilocalories.
B) Absorption of carbohydrates and fats is decreased.
C) Oxygen for energy metabolism cannot be transported to the cells.
D) Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts.

Question 6

Which of the following reactions is the primary chemical reaction in which thiamin participates as a coenzyme?

A) transfer of amine groups in the synthesis of amino acids
B) transfer of hydrogen atoms in the synthesis of erythrocytes
C) addition of methyl groups to compounds involved in energy metabolism
D) removal of one-carbon units from compounds involved in energy metabolism

Question 7

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

A) pantothenic acid
B) citric acid
C) tannic acid
D) carbonic acid

Question 8

Which of the following describes the bioavailability of a vitamin in food?

A) the total amount available from plant and animal food
B) the amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body
C) the amount that escapes destruction from food processing
D) the number of different chemical forms of the same vitamin

Question 9

How does one measure the quantity of a vitamin in a food?

A) By millilitres
B) By grams
C) By millimoles
D) By micrograms or milligrams

Question 10

Which of the following describes the basic function of a coenzyme?

A) assist in the synthesis of an enzyme by attaching to RNA
B) assist in uptake of an enzyme by attaching to cell membranes
C) allow a chemical reaction to take place by attaching to an enzyme
D) allow for transport of an enzyme through the circulation by attaching to the enzyme

Question 11

The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may be treated with supplements of which one of the following vitamins?

A) folacin
B) thiamin
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamins?

A) bile
B) kidney
C) intestine
D) perspiration

Question 13

Which of the following is the coenzyme form of thiamine?

A) thiamin phosphate
B) thiamin pyrophosphate
C) thiamin adenine dinucleotide
D) thiamin flavin mononucleotide

Question 14

Which of the following diets is most likely to lead to beriberi?

A) high intake of white rice
B) low intake of whole grains
C) high intakes of unrefined rice
D) low intake of enriched grains

Question 15

Suzanne has a bowl of iron-enriched cereal for breakfast. Which of the following beverages will help her to best absorb the iron from the cereal?

A) milk
B) orange juice
C) tea
D) prune juice

Question 16

Which one of the following general characteristics best describes the water-soluble vitamins?

A) They must be consumed daily.
B) Toxic levels in the body are common.
C) They are inorganic.
D) They are structurally linked together.

Question 17

Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin?

A) blood coagulation
B) formation of red blood cells
C) energy release from energy-yielding nutrients
D) formation of epithelial cell mucopolysaccharides

Question 18

Beriberi results from a deficiency of which one of the following vitamins?

A) niacin
B) thiamin
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 19

Which is a chief function of the B vitamins?

A) antioxidation
B) anticoagulation
C) antibody stabilization
D) coenzyme participation

Question 20

Dry beriberi affects which one of the body's systems?

A) the endocrine system
B) the reproductive system
C) the circulatory system
D) the nervous system

Question 21

Which of the following food groups ordinarily contains the highest amount of riboflavin when expressed per kcalorie?

A) dairy
B) meats
C) fruits
D) vegetables

Question 22

Riboflavin in its coenzyme form functions in the transfer of which of the following?

A) methyl groups
B) 1-carbon units
C) 2-carbon units
D) hydrogen atoms

Question 23

The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as which of the following?

A) cheilosis
B) antiflavonosis
C) ariboflavinosis
D) flavin adenine dinucleosis

Question 24

The coenzyme FAD is formed from which of the following vitamins?

A) niacin
B) choline
C) thiamin
D) riboflavin

Question 25

Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to which of the following?

A) heat
B) acid
C) alkali
D) ultraviolet light

Question 26

Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in which of the following?

A) meats
B) grains
C) vegetables
D) dairy foods

Question 27

Which of the following cooking methods is best for a food that contains thiamin?

A) baking
B) broiling
C) microwaving
D) roasting

Question 28

Characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth is produced by a deficiency of which of the following vitamins?

A) biotin
B) niacin
C) riboflavin
D) ascorbic acid

Question 29

Which of the following fruits or vegetables is the richest source of riboflavin?

A) broccoli
B) carrots
C) apples
D) blueberries

Question 30

Which of the following commonly eaten foods makes the greatest contribution to riboflavin intake?

A) milk
B) potatoes
C) orange juice
D) peanut butter

Question 31

Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following vitamins?

A) folate
B) biotin
C) riboflavin
D) pantothenic acid

Question 32

Which of the following phrases best describes the term, ariboflavonosis?

A) vitamin B₂ deficiency disease
B) food sources devoid of vitamin B₂
C) ultraviolet destruction of vitamin B₂
D) excessive heat destruction of vitamin B₂

Question 33

Which of the following symptoms indicates a thiamin deficiency?

A) anorexia
B) enlarged heart
C) bulimia
D) depression

Question 34

Which of the following signs can be indicative of a dietary deficiency of riboflavin?

A) dehydration
B) diarrhea
C) keratomalacia
D) inflamed mouth membranes

Question 35

Nicky has been disoriented, has experienced short-term memory loss, and she walks with a staggering gait. Which of the following conditions has Nicky experienced?

A) beriberi
B) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
C) pellagra
D) thiamin flush

Question 36

Which of the following containers is best for protecting the riboflavin content of milk?

A) transparent plastic
B) cardboard
C) transparent glass
D) translucent plastic

Question 37

Which of the following foods provides the most thiamin per serving size?

A) ham
B) squash
C) whole milk
D) whole-grain breads

Question 38

Which of the following vitamins is involved substantially in energy transformation reactions?

A) biotin
B) cobalamin
C) riboflavin
D) pyridoxine

Question 39

Which of the following animals contains the highest concentration of thiamin in muscle tissue?

A) pig
B) fish
C) steer
D) chicken

Question 40

Which of the following foods is the richest food source of thiamin?

A) lettuce
B) soy burger
C) cow milk
D) refined rice

Question 41

Which of the following terms identifies the characteristic tingling sensations and reddening of the skin after ingesting a pharmacologic dose of nicotinic acid?

A) niacin flush
B) NAD dermatitis
C) niacin erythrema
D) bilateral niacin inflammation

Question 42

What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein?

A) scurvy
B) pellagra
C) wet beriberi
D) pernicious anemia

Question 43

Which of the following overt side effect(s) is likely to appear after a person ingests a high quantity of nicotinic acid?

A) constipation
B) mental confusion
C) painful, tingling, itching sensation
D) hair loss, bloating, and photophobia

Question 44

Which of the following is among the common signs of pellagra?

A) dehydration
B) dementia
C) dysphagia
D) desiccation

Question 45

A general niacin deficiency is known to be manifested in abnormalities of which one of the following organs/systems?

A) endocrine system
B) skeletal system
C) nervous system
D) cardiovascular system

Question 46

What is the approximate niacin RDA for adults?

A) 10 niacin equivalents
B) 35 niacin equivalents
C) 20 niacin equivalents
D) 30 niacin equivalents

Question 47

Your friend Jane just returned from the doctor who diagnosed her with a specific vitamin B toxicity. However, she doesn't recall the name of the vitamin. Which of the following is the only possible culprit associated with toxicity symptoms?

A) niacin
B) biotin
C) riboflavin
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 48

Which of the following foods would be the best source of niacin equivalents?

A) milk
B) broccoli
C) chicken
D) strawberries

Question 49

Which of the following is the major form of niacin in the blood?

A) nicotene
B) nicotinic acid
C) niacin phosphate
D) nicotinamide

Question 50

Which of the following nutrients functions to prevent the appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?

A) niacin
B) choline
C) inositol
D) riboflavin

Question 51

While researching your southern family history, you find that your grandmother had a sister who died fairly young. The symptoms leading up to her death included diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. Because the family led a poor, corn-farming existence, you suspect this relative died of which of the following diseases?

A) scurvy
B) cancer
C) pellagra
D) beriberi

Question 52

When taken in large doses, which of the following vitamins is associated with liver injury and peptic ulcers?

A) niacin
B) thiamin
C) vitamin B₆
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 53

Tryptophan can be used in the body to synthesize which of the following nutrients?

A) FAD
B) biotin
C) niacin
D) inositol

Question 54

Which of the following properties is shared by niacin and riboflavin coenzymes?

A) unstable to irradiation
B) unstable to metal cooking utensils
C) acceptance and transfer of hydrogen atoms
D) acceptance and transfer of carboxyl groups

Question 55

The vitamin deficiency disease pellagra means which of the following?

A) "rough skin"
B) "paralyzed limbs"
C) "demented behaviour"
D) "flattened erythrocytes"

Question 56

Large doses of nicotinic acid are known to result in which of the following?

A) decreased LDL cholesterol
B) decreased HDL cholesterol
C) lowered adiponectin
D) disappearance of learning disorders in children

Question 57

A low-protein diet in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of which of the following vitamins?

A) niacin
B) thiamin
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 58

Which of the following substances is found in corn and contributes to the development of pellagra?

A) avidin
B) leucine
C) phytate
D) phenylalanine

Question 59

At one point in time, researchers believed that pellagra was caused by which one of the following?

A) exposure to the sun
B) an infection
C) dehydration
D) fatigue

Question 60

Which of the following amino acids can the body use to synthesize niacin when the diet contains an adequate amount of protein?

A) lysine
B) valine
C) tryptophan
D) phenylalanine

Question 61

Irreversible nerve damage has been reported in people taking large doses of which of the following B vitamins?

A) vitamin B₁
B) vitamin B₂
C) vitamin B₆
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 62

Which of the following vitamins forms a part of coenzyme A?

A) biotin
B) folate
C) riboflavin
D) pantothenic acid

Question 63

Which of the following beverages contributes to the destruction and loss of vitamin B₆ from the body?

A) tea and coffee
B) soy milk
C) fruit juice
D) alcohol

Question 64

Symptoms of biotin deficiency include an inability to walk and which one of the following problems?

A) hyperglycemia
B) numbness
C) leg cramps
D) diarrhea

Question 65

A protein that binds with biotin (thus inhibiting absorption) is found in which of the following foods?

A) aged cheese
B) raw egg whites
C) whole wheat bread
D) unhomogenized milk

Question 66

Biotin can be synthesized by which of the following body components?

A) the blood
B) the skin
C) the liver
D) intestinal bacteria

Question 67

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

A) folate
B) biotin
C) cyanocobalamin
D) pantothenic acid

Question 68

A common drug for the treatment of tuberculosis is known to markedly interfere in the metabolism of which of the following vitamins?

A) B₆
B) B₁₂
C) C
D) D

Question 69

Which of the following vitamins is stored primarily in muscle tissue?

A) biotin
B) folate
C) vitamin B₆
D) pantothenic acid

Question 70

Which of the following compounds that serve as coenzymes in metabolism is considered a vitamin for human beings?

A) biotin
B) inositol
C) lipoic acid
D) orotic acid

Question 71

What is the adult Adequate Intake for biotin?

A) 3 µg
B) 30 µg
C) 13 µg
D) 33 µg

Question 72

The chief symptoms of early vitamin B₆ deficiency include which of the following?

A) confusion and depression
B) muscle cramps and stiffness
C) profound fatigue and anemia
D) hyperactivity and shortness of breath

Question 73

What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for vitamin B₆?

A) 100 mg
B) 500 mg
C) 1000 mg
D) 10,000 mg

Question 74

Which of the following vitamins is involved intensively in amino acid metabolism?

A) biotin
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin B₆
D) riboflavin

Question 75

Which of the following is a function of vitamin B₆ in nutrition?

A) It participates in gluconeogenesis.
B) It helps to covert tryptophan to niacin.
C) It helps to make white blood cells.
D) It helps to make blood clot

Question 76

Which of the following vitamins is known to sustain substantial losses during processing of food?

A) biotin
B) niacin
C) vitamin B₁₂
D) pantothenic acid

Question 77

Bob is a competitive body builder. His trainer suggested that he consume 4 egg white omelets per day, but he remembers a warning about a possible vitamin deficiency from consuming too many egg whites. What advice would you provide to Bob?

A) He should not be concerned as long as he consumes both the yolk and whites of the eggs.
B) He should not follow the diet, since the avidin in the egg whites could bind to niacin and prevent its absorption.
C) He should not follow the diet, since the avidin in the egg whites could bind to biotin and prevent its absorption.
D) He should not be concerned, because, when the eggs are cooked, the avidin protein is denatured, and thus does not pose a problem for deficiency disease.

Question 78

Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases bioavailability of biotin?

A) aged wine
B) aged cheese
C) raw egg whites
D) raw cauliflower

Question 79

Forms of vitamin B₆ include which one of the following?

A) pyridoxal
B) pyridoxine acid
C) pyrimidine
D) pyridoxamine pyruvate

Question 80

Which of the following amounts is the AI for pantothenic acid for adults?

A) 1 mg
B) 3 mg
C) 5 mg
D) 8 mg