Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The legal term for a defendant's ability to understand the charges against him or her and participate in a defense in court is ________.

A) insanity
B) abnormality
C) competency
D) mental illness

Answer 1

competency

Question 2

The psychoanalytic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ________.

A) learning
B) biochemical imbalances
C) unconscious conflicts
D) biology

Answer 2

unconscious conflicts

Question 3

The view that biological, psychological, and social risk factors combine to produce psychological problems is known as the ________ approach to abnormal behavior.

A) psychodynamic
B) pluralistic
C) multimodal
D) systems

Answer 3

systems

Question 4

In most cases, normal and abnormal behavior is ________ different.

A) qualitatively but not quantitatively
B) both qualitatively and quantitatively
C) quantitatively but not qualitatively
D) neither qualitatively nor quantitatively

Question 5

A World Health Organization study found that the highest prevalence of psychological disorders was in ________.

A) Europe
B) Asia
C) the Americas
D) the Middle East and Africa

Question 6

The first individual to argue for pleasant living conditions for the mentally ill was ________.

A) Mesmer
B) Freud
C) Pinel
D) Charcot

Question 7

According to the diathesis-stress model, ________.

A) people learn to be schizophrenic from observing schizophrenic parents
B) schizophrenia results from the excess dilation of the blood vessels to the brain, resulting in stress to the neocortex
C) genetic factors predispose some people to schizophrenia and stress activates the disorder
D) schizophrenia results when children are taught to act in ways that contradict their perceptions of reality and their feelings

Question 8

A diathesis is a ________.

A) dilation of blood vessels in the brain
B) physical disability
C) biological predisposition
D) mental weakness or "blind spot"

Question 9

It seems to Joanna that every time her son Daniel eats foods containing chemical dyes or additives, he gets into trouble or acts irrationally. When Joanna mentions this to her pediatrician, he tells her that Daniel's behavior fits the ________ model of abnormality.

A) biological
B) intrapersonal
C) behavioral
D) psychoanalytic

Question 10

The frequency with which a given disorder occurs at a given time is known as its ________.

A) prevalence
B) epidemiology
C) occurrence
D) incidence

Question 11

The basic reason for the failed, and sometimes abusive, treatment of mentally disturbed people throughout history has been ________.

A) a lack of understanding of the nature and causes of psychological disorders
B) lack of money to provide adequate care for disturbed people
C) fear of retribution by supernatural forces
D) political and legal restrictions placed on treatment by insensitive authorities

Question 12

Dave's mother suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his crippling feelings of inferiority. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem stems from internal processes such as self-defeating beliefs, unrealistic expectancies, and negative thinking. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality.

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) biological
C) diathesis-stress
D) psychoanalytic

Question 13

Society's main standard for judging abnormal behavior is ________.

A) the person's success in meeting societal expectations for performance in work, school, and in social relationships
B) the person's experience of inner distress
C) an individual's personal sense of well-being
D) whether behavior conforms to what is socially expected

Question 14

The cognitive-behavioral model suggests that abnormal behavior is the result of ________.

A) learning and thinking
B) unconscious conflicts
C) biochemical imbalances
D) biology

Question 15

If there were 100 cases of a disorder in a population of 1,000, and 50 of the cases were new cases, the incidence of the disorder would be ________ percent.

A) 20
B) 5
C) 10
D) 1

Question 16

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of an unresolved internal conflict that has its roots in Dave's childhood. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality.

A) biological
B) diathesis-stress
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 17

Public and private institutions for confining and imprisoning the mentally ill were first established in ________.

A) the Middle Ages
B) the nineteenth century
C) ancient times
D) the Renaissance

Question 18

Insanity is ________.

A) a psychological term, not a legal one
B) both a legal term and a psychological one
C) a legal term, not a psychological one
D) neither a legal term nor a psychological one

Question 19

The ________ model of mental illness holds that abnormal behavior is caused by physiological malfunction that is often attributable to hereditary factors.

A) psychodynamic
B) biological
C) cognitive-behavioral
D) naturalistic

Question 20

The biopsychosocial model is another name for the ________ approach to mental illness.

A) unimodal
B) systems
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 21

The legal term for someone who is so mentally disturbed that he or she is not considered responsible for his or her criminal actions is ________.

A) psychosis
B) psychopathology
C) schizophrenia
D) insanity

Question 22

Peter is so depressed that he feels no one could ever love him. He believes he is such a terrible person that he does not deserve to have any friends. He spends his nights alone and has not gone out with anyone in two years. His low opinion of himself is probably the result of a(n) ________ disorder.

A) somatic symptom
B) anxiety
C) dissociative
D) mood

Question 23

The most common mood disorder is ________.

A) amnesia
B) mania
C) depression
D) bipolar disorder

Question 24

Bipolar disorder has been linked to ________.

A) neurotransmitter imbalances
B) motor cortex malfunctions
C) lymph node disorders
D) hormonal imbalance

Question 25

The DSM-5 distinguishes between ________ forms of depression.

A) three
B) five
C) four
D) two

Question 26

Beck's theories have focused on the importance of ________ in the development of depression.

A) unconscious conflicts
B) social factors
C) genetic factors
D) cognitive distortions

Question 27

Fear of speaking or eating in public are both examples of ________.

A) social anxiety disorder
B) specific phobia
C) complex phobia
D) interactive disorder

Question 28

Bipolar disorder is ________ common than depression and has a ________ biological component than depression.

A) more; stronger
B) less; weaker
C) more; weaker
D) less; stronger

Question 29

A disorder involving mild to moderate, and highly persistent sadness (and related symptoms that may linger with little relief for up to two years) is called ________.

A) cyclothymia
B) persistent depressive disorder
C) minor depressive episode
D) major depressive episode

Question 30

Men are more likely than women to succeed in a suicide attempt because men ________.

A) do not tell anyone about their suicidal intentions
B) plan their attempts more thoroughly than women do
C) take suicide attempts more seriously than women do
D) use more lethal means, such as guns

Question 31

An anxiety disorder that involves multiple, intense fears of crowds, public places, and other situations that require separation from a source of security, such as home, is ________.

A) agoraphobia
B) a social anxiety disorder
C) an interactive phobia
D) a specific phobia

Question 32

The DSM was designed to ________.

A) provide a comprehensive listing of all the licensed therapists in America
B) describe and classify the various kinds of psychological disorders
C) identify and classify the various types of treatment facilities available in the United States
D) describe the most effective therapy approaches for various mental illnesses

Question 33

Estimates indicate that about ________ in 10 people in the United States suffer from at least one specific phobia.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 34

In the United States, the suicide rate is ________ among Whites than among minorities.

A) slightly higher
B) much higher
C) slightly lower
D) much lower

Question 35

An athlete who blames herself for her team's loss, even though the whole team played badly, or a man who hasn't had a traffic accident in 20 years who still thinks he is a bad driver because of a dent he put in his car 21 years ago, is engaging in ________.

A) codependency tendencies
B) handicapping strategies
C) cognitive dissonance
D) cognitive distortions

Question 36

The DSM-5 defines mental disorders according to ________.

A) causes of disruptive behavior patterns
B) significant behavior patterns
C) family histories
D) various theoretical approaches

Question 37

Charlie has had excessive mood swings since he was a child. At times, he hates himself and feels he is a failure. Other times, he is euphoric and feels he can do whatever he sets his mind to. This behavior is typical of a(n) ________ disorder.

A) obsessive-compulsive
B) bipolar
C) schizophrenic
D) somatic symptom

Question 38

In young children, ________ may be manifested as a "failure to thrive," or weight gain, or as a delay in speech or motor development.

A) schizophrenia
B) depression
C) an adjustment disorder
D) personality disorder

Question 39

Phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are all types of ________ disorders.

A) dissociative
B) anxiety
C) somatic symptom
D) psychosomatic

Question 40

Arlene has an intense, irrational fear of flying in airplanes. She is probably suffering from a ________.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) specific phobia
C) conversion disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 41

If patients report blindness, deafness, paralysis, or seizures, but physicians cannot find any evidence of a physical problem or cause, physicians are likely to suspect a ________ disorder.

A) personality
B) schizophrenic
C) conversion
D) compulsive

Question 42

Depersonalization disorder is much ________ dramatic and far ________ common than dissociative identity disorder.

A) more; more
B) more; less
C) less; less
D) less; more

Question 43

A young boy is attacked by a large dog. He is now terribly afraid of all large dogs. His phobia of dogs is best explained by ________ theory.

A) learning
B) humanistic
C) psychobiological
D) psychoanalytic

Question 44

________ theory suggests a history of child abuse involved in the development of dissociative identity disorder.

A) Learning
B) Cognitive
C) Posttraumatic
D) Biological

Question 45

George worries about keeping his house secure while he is away. In fact, he worries so much that he's never sure whether he has locked his doors and windows so he has to go back and thoroughly check them or he is overwhelmed with anxiety. In addition, George is not satisfied checking the doors and windows just once. At last count, George had to complete his ritual check of the doors and windows exactly 37 times in a row to avoid a panic attack when he drives away. George's behavior is typical of a(n) ________.

A) hallucination
B) obsession
C) compulsion
D) delusion

Question 46

After going to a physician complaining of memory loss, Jeff is told that while he was under hypnosis, several different personalities emerged. Each personality is unique, with a name and separate memories. Jeff has ________ disorder.

A) dissociative identity
B) an affective
C) a schizophrenic
D) a somatic symptom

Question 47

Leo is unable to relax. He feels constantly "keyed up" and restless. His muscles are chronically tense, he is hypervigilant and apprehensive about the future, he often feels his heart pounding and he has trouble sleeping. His symptoms sound most like ________ disorder.

A) panic
B) conversion
C) generalized anxiety
D) dissociative identity

Question 48

Disorders in which there is real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress or anxiety are called ________ disorders.

A) conversion
B) organic
C) somatic symptom
D) psychosomatic

Question 49

George is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. If he tries to stop his obsessive thoughts or compulsive behaviors he is likely to experience ________.

A) amnesia
B) severe anxiety
C) psychosomatic illnesses
D) tremendous guilt

Question 50

Andre is brought into a hospital claiming to have no memory of his past or knowledge of who he is. His symptoms are typical of someone suffering from ________.

A) dissociative fugue
B) somatic symptom disorder
C) depersonalization disorder
D) dissociative amnesia

Question 51

A dissociative disorder that involves flight from home and the assumption of a new identity, with amnesia for past identity and events, is called ________.

A) somatic symptom disorder
B) dissociative fugue
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) dissociative amnesia

Question 52

Involuntary ideas that keep recurring despite the person's efforts to stop them are called ________.

A) impulses
B) obsessions
C) panic attacks
D) compulsions

Question 53

A severe anxiety reaction that takes place immediately, or very soon, after an extremely stressful event is known as ________ disorder.

A) acute stress
B) specific panic
C) generalized anxiety
D) posttraumatic stress

Question 54

Emily has noticed a few small skin bruises and some minor muscle cramps over the last few weeks. Her physician says that while her symptoms are real, they reflect no serious illness. Emily refuses to believe him. She is convinced they are the first indications of terminal cancer, and proceeds to visit one physician after another trying to find one who will agree with her. Emily's behavior is typical of ________.

A) an affective disorder
B) illness anxiety disorder
C) a personality disorder
D) a conversion disorder

Question 55

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when she is, without warning, overcome by feelings of intense fear that she may lose control of herself. Her terror is so great that all she can do is sit at her desk shaking and crying. Nothing she was doing at the time would seem to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms most resemble ________.

A) posttraumatic stress disorder
B) a specific phobia
C) an affective disorder
D) a panic attack

Question 56

An anxiety disorder in which a person becomes so preoccupied with his or her imagined ugliness that normal life is impossible is called ________ disorder.

A) somatization
B) a conversion
C) body dysmorphic
D) psychosomatic

Question 57

Anxiety disorders tend to ________.

A) be relatively rare
B) disappear on their own over time
C) appear randomly at any age
D) run in families

Question 58

________ disorders involve physical symptoms of serious bodily disorder with no evidence of organic causes.

A) Psychosomatic
B) Somatic symptom
C) Anxiety
D) Dissociative

Question 59

A sudden, unpredictable feeling of intense terror, sweating, difficulty breathing, and with no immediately observable cause is a(n) ________.

A) compulsion
B) phobia
C) affective disorder
D) panic attack

Question 60

Feeling fearful but not knowing why is characteristic of ________.

A) dissociative neurosis
B) specific phobia
C) amnesia
D) generalized anxiety disorders

Question 61

The ________ personality disorder displays nearly total self-absorption, grandiose self-importance, and a need for constant attention and admiration.

A) narcissistic
B) avoidant
C) borderline
D) antisocial

Question 62

People with ________ disorders develop inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and acting that are so exaggerated and rigid that they cause serious distress and social problems.

A) affective
B) somatic symptom
C) personality
D) schizophrenic

Question 63

The ________ personality disorder is that of a loner who seems withdrawn, unfeeling, and distant.

A) narcissistic
B) schizoid
C) paranoid
D) antisocial

Question 64

Sexual disorders that involve unconventional sex objects or situations are called ________.

A) sexual arousal disorders
B) sexual dysfunctions
C) sexual desire disorders
D) paraphilias

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true?

A) People with phobias are usually aggressive.
B) People with antisocial personality disorder are often intelligent and charming on first meeting.
C) People with personality disorders usually seek therapy.
D) Very few infants are narcissistic.

Question 66

Rejection of one's biological gender and persistently desiring to become a member of the opposite sex is known as ________.

A) hermaphroditism
B) gender dysphoria
C) bisexuality
D) sexual orientation disorder

Question 67

Sexual desire disorders play a part in ________ percent of all sexual dysfunctions.

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Question 68

Barney loves sex, but the only way he can achieve sexual arousal is to secretly observe other unsuspecting people who are nude or engaged in sexual activity. His disorder is ________.

A) voyeurism
B) exhibitionism
C) sadomasochism
D) sexual introversion

Question 69

The difference between people with schizoid personality disorder and people with avoidant personality disorder is that people with ________.

A) avoidant personality disorder want to have close relationships with others
B) schizoid personality disorder have lost contact with reality
C) avoidant personality disorder have bizarre thoughts and ideas
D) schizoid personality disorder are not loners or isolated

Question 70

John is a pathological liar. He takes things from others, takes advantage of them and never exhibits any remorse after he is done. John has ________ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) paranoid
C) narcissistic
D) borderline

Question 71

A compulsion to achieve sexual arousal by touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person in public situations is called ________.

A) frotteurism
B) catatonia
C) fetishism
D) exhibitionism

Question 72

Barney loves sex, but the only way he can achieve sexual arousal is to have his partner tie him up and whip him. His disorder is ________.

A) pedophilia
B) sexual masochism
C) sexual sadism
D) voyeurism

Question 73

Fetishists are usually ________.

A) women
B) elderly
C) adolescents
D) men

Question 74

Marty is always getting into trouble with authorities. He mistrusts everyone and gives others a hard time because he believes they are out to get him. He is overly sensitive to even the slightest criticisms or negative comments, always thinking that those who criticize him are trying to trick him. Marty has ________ personality disorder.

A) paranoid
B) schizoid
C) antisocial
D) avoidant

Question 75

Causing humiliation or physical harm to their sexual partners is characteristic of ________.

A) pedophiles
B) sexual sadists
C) sexual masochists
D) introverts

Question 76

Pedophiles are almost invariably ________.

A) women over age 40
B) women under age 40
C) men under age 40
D) men over age 40

Question 77

Which of the following is a sexual dysfunction?

A) homosexuality
B) erectile disorder
C) voyeurism
D) fetishism

Question 78

A personality disorder characterized by marked instability in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships is ________ personality disorder.

A) borderline
B) antisocial
C) histrionic
D) narcissistic

Question 79

During intercourse, Glenn finds that he has normal sexual desire and is able to achieve full arousal, but he cannot ejaculate. He is suffering from ________.

A) inhibited sexual response
B) inhibited sexual desire
C) frotteurism
D) orgasmic disorder

Question 80

Janice has always seen sex as a duty to perform for her husband. Whenever she starts to get aroused, her mind is flooded by negative thoughts about how dirty and sinful sexual activity is. As a result, she is almost totally cold to any sensual pleasure and she feels no desire for sexual activity. She is suffering from ________.

A) a sexual arousal disorder
B) inhibited sexual excitement
C) an orgasmic disorder
D) a sexual desire disorder