Deck 16: Nutrition During Adulthood

Question 1

A mineral that is often deficient in adults' diets and is linked to bone health, muscle function, mental health, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes is

A) magnesium.
B) iron.
C) calcium.
D) zinc.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Aging most likely is the result of

A) slow cell death.
B) acute death of an organ.
C) complete death of the immune system.
D) slow cell multiplication.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Bud has trouble with his dentures and problems chewing. Which of the following foods would be best to help meet his nutritional needs?

A) Gelatin
B) Bouillon
C) Sirloin steak
D) Low-fat yogurt

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Some researchers believe that damage to cells by electron-seeking compounds may contribute to the aging process. Which of the following nutrients does NOT protect cells from these compounds?

A) Selenium
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K

Question 5

Sara is a middle-aged woman of Northern European descent and is quite small in stature. She eats plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and lean meats. What else could she do to live a more health-promoting lifestyle?

A) Take vitamin and mineral supplements.
B) Eat more vitamin A-laden fruits and vegetables.
C) Eat more lean meats.
D) Consume plenty of low-fat milk and dairy products.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about aging?

A) Aging is a disease.
B) Models have been designed that are very predictive of the aging process.
C) The rate of aging is based on heredity and no amount of lifestyle modification can alter it.
D) Development of chronic disease is not an inevitable consequence of aging.

Question 7

The life span of humans is approximately ______ years.

A) 122
B) 105
C) 78
D) 100

Question 8

Maude is losing her sense of taste and smell. Which of the following is true about her situation?

A) Taste and smell typically do not decrease with aging.
B) She will need to vary her diet and use more herbs and spices.
C) She will have to learn to accept that food will taste more bland.
D) She eventually will not be able to smell and taste food.

Question 9

Among the older population, the fastest growing age group is

A) 60 to 65.
B) 65 to 75.
C) 75 to 80.
D) 85 and older.

Question 10

Compared to individuals aged 19 to 50, adults over the age of 70 need _____ vitamin

A) more
B) the same amount of
C) less
D)

Question 11

The foundation for a diet that optimizes long-term nutritional health emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT

A) low-fat dairy products.
B) a variety of fruits and vegetables.
C) refined-grain breads and cereals.
D) lean sources of protein.

Question 12

A basic plan for health promotion and disease prevention includes all of the following except

A) consuming meals that resemble MyPlate.
B) getting regular exercise.
C) not smoking.
D) consuming 3 to 5 ounces of alcohol daily.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a popular theory on aging?

A) Errors occur in copying DNA for making protein.
B) Levels of hormones, such as testosterone, become too high as one ages.
C) The immune system becomes less efficient at preventing disease.
D) Connective tissue becomes less flexible over time.

Question 14

Delaying the onset of disabilities caused by chronic diseases is known as

A) reserve capacity.
B) compression of morbidity.
C) homeostasis.
D) usual aging.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about U.S. dietary intake patterns since the mid-1950s?

A) We are eating less cheese.
B) We are consuming less saturated fat.
C) We are eating more eggs.
D) We are eating less chicken and fish.

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT exemplify the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

A) Balance food intake with energy expended in physical activity.
B) Choose a diet low in trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.
C) Eliminate salt and sodium from the diet.
D) Maintain a healthy body weight.

Question 17

Food habits of older adults may be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT

A) decreased taste sensitivity.
B) decreased mobility.
C) poor dentition.
D) production of melatonin.

Question 18

In the aging process, physiological functioning of organs decreases, but it may be years before this decline in organ function becomes noticeable. This is referred to as

A) compression of morbidity.
B) homeostasis.
C) reserve capacity.
D) subclinical deficiency.

Question 19

Currently, life expectancy in North America is about ______ years for men and ______ for women.

A) 78; 71
B) 75; 75
C) 78; 80
D) 76; 81

Question 20

Bill wants to optimize his nutritional health. Which of the following is NOT recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

A) Balance calorie intake from foods and beverages with calories expended.
B) Choose foods that limit the intake of saturated and trans fats.
C) Emphasize vegetables, fruits, legumes (beans), whole-grain breads and cereals, and fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products.
D) Consume no more than four alcohol-containing drinks daily.

Question 21

Gary takes a diuretic to control blood pressure, aspirin to prevent blood clots, and an antibiotic for a recent sinus infection. Which of these may affect his vitamin needs?

A) Diuretic
B) Aspirin
C) Antibiotic
D) None of these

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT an example of the ways medications can negatively affect nutritional status?

A) Long-term use of antibiotics can decrease the population of bacteria that synthesizes vitamin K.
B) Some pain medications can cause blood loss, resulting in anemia.
C) Some antidepressant medications decrease appetite.
D) Use of oral contraceptives may increase a woman's requirements for iron.

Question 23

______ percent of the elderly population regularly take multiple prescription drugs.

A) Twenty-five
B) Thirty-five
C) Fifty
D) Sixty

Question 24

Alzheimer's patients are likely to be helped by all of the following EXCEPT

A) regular physical activity.
B) limiting sun exposure.
C) eating fish two times per week.
D) limiting intake of saturated and trans fat.

Question 25

Barbara is 65 years of age and her doctor finds her mental function is declining. Which of the following will NOT significantly impact mental status?

A) Striving for life-long learning
B) Exercising regularly
C) Eating a healthy diet
D) Taking nutrition supplements

Question 26

Consuming adequate ______ and ______ helps maximize the health of the immune system in elderly individuals.

A) carbohydrates; selenium
B) iron; copper
C) calcium; protein
D) protein; zinc

Question 27

Which of the following is true about thirst among the elderly?

A) Elderly individuals can easily become dehydrated and this can cause confusion.
B) Elderly people rarely become dehydrated because the sense of thirst is enhanced as people age.
C) About 6 cups of fluid per day is a good goal for elderly people.
D) Diuretics do not affect the elderly person's fluid requirement.

Question 28

All of the following are reasons older adults should limit alcohol consumption EXCEPT

A) they become intoxicated more easily.
B) they have lower amounts of body water in which to dilute alcohol.
C) they have a decreased ability to metabolize alcohol.
D) they are more likely to engage in risky behaviors.

Question 29

Declining function of the ______ system directly affects an older adult's ability to shop for, prepare, and consume foods at home.

A) digestive
B) nervous
C) immune
D) endocrine

Question 30

The physiological changes of aging that will decrease nutrient utilization in the body include all of the following EXCEPT

A) decreased kidney function.
B) decreased liver function.
C) decreased insulin function.
D) decreased testosterone.

Question 31

Mack is constipated. Safe recommendations include all of the following EXCEPT

A) eat 30 grams of fiber per day.
B) drink more fluid.
C) use mineral oil routinely and liberally.
D) eat more whole grains.

Question 32

Long-term aspirin use by an elderly person could increase the need for what nutrient?

A) Calcium
B) Potassium
C) Thiamin
D) Iron

Question 33

Excess kilocalorie intake ______ the rate of body breakdown associated with aging.

A) increases
B) decreases
C) does not affect

Question 34

Which of the following does NOT decrease with aging?

A) Thirst
B) Lean tissue levels
C) Immune function
D) Fat stores

Question 35

All of the following tend to happen as one ages EXCEPT

A) the liver's detoxifying capacity deteriorates.
B) the tendency to develop gallstones increases.
C) high chromium intake impairs glucose tolerance.
D) the digestive functions of the pancreas may decline.

Question 36

Edna, at age 75, has found she does not tolerate milk products well. She should do which of the following?

A) Eat more vegetables.
B) Increase her protein intake.
C) Eliminate dairy foods.
D) Decrease the serving size of dairy foods.

Question 37

A single older adult who has been losing weight involuntarily may benefit from

A) participation in a congregate meal program.
B) antidepressant medications.
C) bed rest.
D) low-dose aspirin.

Question 38

The decrease in lean tissue that occurs with aging can best be prevented by

A) taking amino acid supplements.
B) a fitness plan that includes resistance exercise.
C) eating a lot of kilocalories.
D) taking vitamin and mineral supplements.

Question 39

Because elderly individuals need similar amounts of nutrients compared to their younger counterparts but fewer kilocalories, they should focus on diet plans that emphasize

A) nutrient density.
B) energy density.
C) liquid calories.
D) fat.

Question 40

All of the following are practical suggestions for diet planning for singles EXCEPT

A) buying small containers of food.
B) cooking large amounts of food, dividing it into portions, and freezing it.
C) buying family-sized packages of meat.
D) buying fruits at various stages of ripeness so they can be eaten fresh daily.

Question 41

Regular exercise along with adequate intakes of fluid and fiber are lifestyle strategies to prevent or treat

A) diarrhea.
B) gallstones.
C) osteoarthritis.
D) constipation.

Question 42

Of all alcohol sources, ______ often is singled out as the best choice because of the added bonus of the many phytochemicals present.

A) dark beer
B) white wine
C) hard cider
D) red wine

Question 43

Which of the following is true about alcohol consumption by the elderly?

A) It is absorbed only in the small intestine.
B) Alcohol absorption is independent of the amount of stomach contents.
C) Most of the alcohol is metabolized by the kidney.
D) Alcohol can interfere with the effect of medication in the body.

Question 44

A loss of muscle mass accompanied by gains in fat mass is called

A) obesity.
B) sarcopenia.
C) hypertrophy.
D) sarcopenic obesity.

Question 45

For those over 40 years of age, an exercise program should include all of the following EXCEPT

A) physician clearance.
B) stretching.
C) rest periodically.
D) exercise through the pain.

Question 46

A person with a deficiency of alcohol dehydrogenase would

A) become intoxicated at low levels of alcohol intake.
B) be able to pass a breathalyzer test even with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or higher.
C) have a high tolerance for alcohol.
D) feel ill due to an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood.

Question 47

Where is the chief site of alcohol metabolism?

A) Brain
B) Stomach
C) Liver
D) Kidneys

Question 48

When it comes to alcohol, women are advised to consume no more than ______ drink(s) per day.

A) 5
B) 2
C) 4
D) 1

Question 49

Life expectancy refers to

A) the delay of the onset of disabilities caused by chronic disease.
B) the maximum number of years humans live.
C) the promotion of longevity through healthful lifestyle changes.
D) the average length of life for a given group of people born in a specific year.

Question 50

The disease characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver and replacement of functioning liver cells with fibrous connective tissue is known as

A) Crohn's disease.
B) hepatitis.
C) cirrhosis.
D) liver cancer.

Question 51

Meals on Wheels is a nutrition program that

A) delivers meals to older adults in their homes.
B) provides nutrition education to older adults in senior centers.
C) collects leftover food from restaurants and grocery stores.
D) serves meals to older adults in a congregate setting.

Question 52

Which of the following is true about diet and Alzheimer's disease?

A) High intakes of aluminum can cause it.
B) High intakes of choline and lecithin are associated with improvement in the condition.
C) It is wise for others to oversee food planning and mealtimes to ensure nutritional adequacy.
D) Diet can prevent this condition.

Question 53

The DETERMINE acronym refers to all of the following EXCEPT

A) eating poorly.
B) depression.
C) economic hardship.
D) multiple medications.

Question 54

When it comes to alcohol, men are advised to consume no more than ______ drink(s) per day.

A) 4
B) 1
C) 5
D) 2

Question 55

Life span refers to

A) the average length of life for a given group of people born in a specific year.
B) the maximum number of years humans live.
C) the promotion of longevity through healthful lifestyle changes.
D) the delay of the onset of disabilities caused by chronic disease.

Question 56

Meals provided by congregate or home-delivered meal programs are designed to provide ______ of the RDA or AI for nutrients.

A) 100%
B) one-third
C) one-fourth
D) one-half

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Mediterranean diet?

A) Abstinence from alcohol
B) Plentiful intake of fruits and vegetables
C) Olive oil
D) Frequent consumption of fish

Question 58

The dietary manipulation that is related most significantly to longevity in animal studies is

A) protein restriction.
B) low fat intake.
C) calorie restriction.
D) high carbohydrate intake.

Question 59

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation, defined as the consumption of up to __ drink(s) per day for women and older adults and up to __ drink(s) per day for men.

A) 0; 1
B) 1; 2
C) 2; 3
D) 3; 4

Question 60

Declining production of stomach acid and intrinsic factor increase the risk for deficiency of ______ among older adults.

A) iron
B) calcium
C) vitamin B-6
D) vitamin B-12

Question 61

Research suggests that older adults require ______ the current RDA for protein for adults.

A) more than
B) less than
C) the same amount as

Question 62

Match the following terms with the descriptions below.

Question 63

Match the following popular herbal remedies with their purported effects below.