Deck 13: Behaviour in a Social Context

Question 1

On the first day of class,Corey is assigned to sit next to a man wearing athletic pants and a baseball cap with a sports logo.Because Corey is overweight,he assumes that his new classmate will treat him poorly,so he goes out of his way to ignore the other student.Corey's negative evaluative reaction is referred to as

A) an attitude.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) informational social influence.
D) lowballing.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Alvaro and Randall both feel strongly about global warming.Alvaro believes that it is an imminent danger;Randall believes its exaggerated hype.Both have been invited to present their views to an audience of students who are majoring in the biological sciences.Alvaro arrives in jeans and a flannel shirt.He knows he isn't particularly attractive and he is at least twice the age of most of the students,but he hopes they will be able to relate to his dress style.Randall is only a few years older than the students;he arrives in a jacket and tie and has clearly taken care with his appearance.Based on this information alone,who are the students more likely to view as credible?

A) Alvaro,because they can relate to his style of dress.
B) Alvaro,because attractive,professional-looking people tend to be intimidating to average-looking people.
C) Randall,because he is attractive,dressed like a professional,and similar to the students in age.
D) Randall,because his name is more "American" than Alvaro's.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Aaron has been training to run his first half marathon and has timed himself repeatedly over the past months.When he actually runs the half,he is surprised that he performs

A) more poorly than he expected,because he is distracted by the other people running with him.
B) more poorly than he expected,because he hasn't prepared himself to deal with the changes created in the air around him by the other runners.
C) better than usual,due to the mere presence of the other runners.
D) without being affected in any way by the other runners.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When Nikolaos arrives a few minutes late to his psychology class,he finds that everyone has turned their desks to face the back of the room.Though the teacher is not in the room,he assumes that they know something he doesn't and turns his desk to face the back of the room too.Nikolaos is conforming,due to

A) groupthink.
B) deindividuation.
C) informational social influence.
D) social facilitation.

Question 5

Tamara is anxious when she arrives for her first day in a new office.She mentally rehearses introducing herself,so when someone asks "Where are you from?" Tamara accidentally replies,"I'm Tamara." Later that afternoon,Tamara overhears someone say,"The new girl doesn't seem that smart." Because she knows she's extremely smart,Tamara isn't upset,but she is embarrassed.Her coworker has

A) used the peripheral route of persuasion.
B) experienced cognitive dissonance.
C) made a fundamental attribution error.
D) used an internal locus of control.

Question 6

The Deodorant & Antiperspirant Company's advertising executives know that they need to create a need so that their target audience,athletic 18-to-40-year-olds,will use their product.They devise an advertising campaign in which young,extremely attractive athletic men and women are rejected by members of the opposite sex because their deodorants and antiperspirants aren't strong enough.When those individuals switch to the D&A Company's products,they are no longer rejected.The company's advertisers,using a common technique in the advertising world,are

A) using attractive models or actors to create positive associations with their product.
B) attempting to evoke fear in viewers so that they can present their product as the solution to reducing the threat.
C) using actors or models who have something in common with the target audience.
D) all of these.

Question 7

A good way to help yourself quit smoking is to spend time educating other people about the dangers of smoking.Because one action (smoking)is incongruent with the other action (telling others about the dangers related to smoking),you will probably experience

A) the door-in-the-face technique.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) normative social influence.
D) deindividuation.

Question 8

A good way to help yourself quit smoking is to spend time educating other people about the dangers of smoking.Because one action (smoking)is incongruent with the other action (telling others about the dangers related to smoking),and because there is little question that smoking is in fact dangerous to one's health,you would probably feel an urge to

A) adjust your behaviour (stop smoking)to fit your self-image of someone who openly speaks out against smoking,so you wouldn't look like a hypocrite.
B) seek out additional information on how smoking affects people's health over time.
C) tell even more people that smoking is bad for them.
D) deindividuate.

Question 9

Medea and her friends go out for dinner at a sit-down restaurant.Their waiter is slow to greet them,confuses their drink orders,forgets to bring their appetizers,and is angry when they complain.Medea's friends begin to say that the waiter is a jerk and that they don't intend to tip him.They are making a ______________ attribution.

A) personal
B) situational
C) distinctive
D) cognitive

Question 10

While Allyson is considering her options in a computer store,a sales representative finishes helping a male client and asks if he can help her.When she says her router is not working,he asks her very basic questions that he never bothered to ask the male customer.Before the conversation is over,it is clear that Allyson knows far more about routers than the sales representative.The representative's behaviour suggests that he has a generalized belief

A) or norm of reciprocity.
B) that by using informational social influence he will impress Allyson.
C) fostered by the effects of realistic conflict theory in the computer industry.
D) or stereotype that women are less likely than men to understand computer technology.

Question 11

On the first day of class,Dr.Moskowitz is serious and tough as he reviews his rules for the course.After the first day,he is friendly and warm,but his students often continue to see him as unsympathetic and firm.This is due to

A) the self-serving bias.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) the primacy effect.
D) lowballing.

Question 12

The upscale Ethan Grant Company has created a new cologne called Ethan for men and a complementary perfume called Ethan Femme.The company's advertising executives know that their new fragrances will be competing with hundreds of others and that the human nose can discriminate only among so many smells.They know there's no way they can logically convince someone to pay an exorbitant price for Ethan and Ethan Femme;instead,they will need to rely on

A) the central route to persuasion.
B) the peripheral route to persuasion.
C) the foot-in-the-door technique.
D) deindividuation.

Question 13

In classic Christian mythology,when God accuses Adam and Eve of eating from the forbidden tree,Adam blames Eve for giving him the apple and Eve blames the serpent.Neither Adam nor Even wants to take credit for disobeying God,though if God had wanted to reward them for something they probably would have been happy to say they were responsible.Adam and Eve have displayed

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) group polarization.
C) the self-serving bias.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

Question 14

Glynnis has been involved in her college's theatre department for several years.When she first is provided a script she practices alone,repeating her lines until they sound and feel realistic to her.She always notices that her performance improves significantly when she participates in dress rehearsals with other actors,due to

A) social norms.
B) social roles.
C) deindividuation.
D) social facilitation.

Question 15

Medea and her friends go out for dinner at a sit-down restaurant.Their waiter is slow to greet them,confuses their drink orders,forgets to bring their appetizers,and is angry when they complain.Medea's friends begin to say that the waiter is a jerk and that they don't intend to tip him.Medea has waited tables in the past,and she tells them that the waiter is probably just having a rough night.She is making a ___________ attribution.

A) personal
B) situational
C) distinctive
D) cognitive

Question 16

Galatea attends a high school that encourages and emphasizes creativity and the arts.In her junior year,her mother's employer transfers her to another state,so Galatea and her father must also move.Because there isn't a special arts school in the new town,Galatea is enrolled in the public high school.On her first day,she dresses as she always has,in an eclectic,funky style that is uniquely hers.The other students,who appear to Galatea to be dressed in boringly similar styles,stare and laugh at her appearance,and by the end of the day Galatea is uncomfortable.If she conforms to be accepted by her new schoolmates,Galatea will have succumbed to

A) deindividuation.
B) normative social influence.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) a self-serving bias.

Question 17

The Deodorant & Antiperspirant Company's advertising executives know that they need to create a need so that people will use their product.They devise an advertising campaign in which extremely attractive athletic men and women are rejected by members of the opposite sex because their deodorants and antiperspirants aren't strong enough.The company is relying on

A) the central route to persuasion.
B) the peripheral route to persuasion.
C) the foot-in-the-door technique.
D) deindividuation.

Question 18

As a news anchor,Craig is used to people approaching him to argue about things he reported.Though he loves his job,he is constantly explaining that just because he reports on an issue doesn't mean he personally subscribes to it.In situations like this,people are

A) relying on the peripheral route of persuasion.
B) making a fundamental attribution error.
C) using the door-in-the-face technique.
D) relying on the norm of reciprocity.

Question 19

The brainiacs at the Optimum Computing Corporation have developed a superior notebook computer.The advertising department knows that the purchase of a notebook is a significant investment for the average computer buyer.Since their product is more expensive than their competitors',they will have to convince their target audience that the technology is extraordinary enough to warrant the additional cost.Which of the following approaches would be most likely to achieve their goal?

A) the central route to persuasion
B) the peripheral route to persuasion
C) the door-in-the-face technique
D) lowballing

Question 20

Phaedra's friend has asked her to join him for a fundraiser dinner.When they reach their table,Phaedra notices more forks and spoons than she has ever seen at a single place setting.Rather than admit that she has no idea when to move from one piece of silverware to the next,she surreptitiously watches the other diners and sets aside each utensil when they do.Phaedra is relying on

A) groupthink.
B) deindividuation.
C) informational social influence.
D) social facilitation.

Question 21

As Theo leaves his grocery store,a woman at a table near the door asks him to donate $10 to a cause that Theo has heard of but in which he has no personal investment.Theo politely declines,because $10 feels like a lot of money to give to a charity that has no particular meaning for him.The woman then asks if he'd be willing to give one dollar instead,and Theo pulls some change out of his pocket and drops some quarters into the bucket on the table.The solicitor used the

A) foot-in-the-door technique.
B) door-in-the-face technique.
C) norm of reciprocity.
D) lowballing technique.

Question 22

When the Enron Corporation went bankrupt in 2001,this collapse was the largest corporate failure in history and the name has since become synonymous with corporate fraud.Enron's board of directors failed to monitor,question,or analyze Enron's management and business practices,and billions of dollars' worth of unscrupulous activities were conducted to make Enron look more financially stable than it was.Though the board had access to evidence that something was wrong with Enron's business practices,a culture had developed in which conformity was encouraged and diverse views not acceptable.What might Enron have done differently to prevent this kind of culture?

A) Have an impartial leader.
B) Bring in outsiders to offer opinions.
C) Provide an environment where individuals can dissent.
D) All of these.

Question 23

Ayeisha is serving jury duty for the first time.One of the attorneys explains that he and the other attorney need to ask some questions to make sure the defendant will receive a fair trial.Then he asks whether anyone has ever had a problem with a lawyer.Though Ayeisha went through an ugly divorce in which she felt that she was treated poorly by a lawyer,she is intimidated by the presence of the judge,and since nobody else says anything,she remains silent.What would be most likely to encourage Ayeisha to speak up?

A) Someone else speaks up first.
B) Everyone in the room looks at her.
C) The judge asks her by name if she has any problems.
D) The lawyer is a woman.

Question 24

Jody is known at the office for being meek and even a pushover.Though people like him,they sometimes joke that if they need something done,Jody will do it.One morning,Jody wears a new tie with an unusual pattern and when a colleague asks him if he was on drugs when he picked it,Jody attacks him.Everyone is so stunned by Jody's sudden aggressiveness that more than a minute passes before people drag him away from the man he was beating.Before the end of the day,Jody is in a psychologist's office,filling out a test that reveals that he has

A) hidden prejudices.
B) made a situational attribution.
C) achieved catharsis.
D) overcontrolled hostility.

Question 25

Though Aleser,Fiodor,and Alan are from different countries and backgrounds,they have no trouble agreeing on which women they find attractive.Fascinated that skin,eye,and hair colour have no effects on the men's experience of beauty,Fiodor wonders what the beautiful faces have in common.After some research,he learns that attractive faces tend to be more __________ than others.

A) square
B) unusual
C) symmetrical
D) round

Question 26

During rush hour one afternoon,Tabitha sees a van on fire at the side of the road.Though normally she would drive on by assuming that someone else had already called for help,she learned in her psychology class that people often walk or drive past emergencies,due to __________.When she calls 911,she is nonetheless shocked to learn that nobody else has called in the fire.

A) social facilitation
B) normative social conformity
C) the bystander effect
D) deindividuation

Question 27

Melissa has been assigned to do a group project with three other students.She knows that two of them are good students who will do an excellent job on the project.Since the teacher won't know who has done what work on the project,she doesn't bother to work very hard.The smart kids,as she thinks of them,can do the work.Her apparent laziness is due to

A) social facilitation.
B) groupthink.
C) the norm of reciprocity.
D) social loafing.

Question 28

Cheyenne loves to be in love.For her the first few months of a new relationship are always filled with intense emotions,passion,and excitement.The problem is that her love never lasts.Eventually,the passionate feelings fade and more often than not she finds herself left with someone she doesn't even like.Why is this happening to Cheyenne?

A) She is experiencing infatuation rather than consummate love.
B) She is not choosing partners with whom she can share her feelings and feel emotionally intimate.
C) She is not committing to make her relationships work.
D) All of these.

Question 29

When Majan comes to class wearing his bathrobe,his classmates stare and laugh because he

A) is having a psychogenic fugue.
B) has violated a social norm.
C) is demonstrating deindividuation.
D) has violated the saliency bias.

Question 30

Janis goes to see a movie with a group of friends.As they leave the theatre,she is surprised to hear her friends exclaim that they loved the movie,because she thought the plot was poorly constructed and the acting terrible.She says nothing to the others,though,because she doesn't want to look stupid or offend other people in her group.Janis has succumbed to

A) normative social influence.
B) social facilitation.
C) situational attributions.
D) the peripheral route to persuasion.

Question 31

When Tanek serves jury duty,he is astonished by how different the casual,talkative people he met in the waiting area behave when they enter the courtroom.They stand and sit straighter,fold their legs more formally,and say "yes,sir" or "yes,ma'am" rather than "yeah" when speaking to the judge or attorneys.The members of the jury pool are responding to

A) the matching effect.
B) a social role.
C) deindividuation.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

Question 32

Uma answers a call from a telemarketer,who asks her how she is today.Uma says she is fine,and the telemarketer launches into his spiel.By the time he has finished,Uma feels bad saying no to him,because he was nice to her at the beginning of the call.The telemarketer used the

A) foot-in-the-door technique.
B) door-in-the-face technique.
C) norm of reciprocity.
D) lowballing technique.

Question 33

Members of some hate groups cover their faces and sometimes their entire bodies while mistreating their targeted group.This can also happen if the hate group is extremely large or a mob mentality forms.In these situations,people find it easier to participate in crimes they would not normally commit,due to

A) lowballing.
B) equal status contact.
C) deindividuation.
D) the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 34

In a study researchers sent 5,000 fictitious résumés,identical except for the names,to companies advertising in Chicago and Boston.Applicants with black-sounding names were 50 percent less likely to be called for an interview than those with white-sounding names.This unfair treatment is called

A) prejudice.
B) discrimination.
C) realistic conflict theory.
D) social identity theory.

Question 35

Leah decides to give speed dating a try.In the course of an hour,she will spend three minutes each talking with 20 different men.Without any additional information,which of the following qualities is most likely to make Leah want to date one or more of the men she meets?

A) intelligence
B) friendliness
C) sense of humour
D) physical attractiveness

Question 36

When the Enron Corporation went bankrupt in 2001,this collapse was the largest corporate failure in history and the name has since become synonymous with corporate fraud.Enron's board of directors failed to monitor,question,or analyze the company's management and business practices,and billions of dollars' worth of unscrupulous activities were conducted to make Enron look more financially stable than it was.Though the board had access to evidence that something was wrong with Enron's business practices,a culture had developed in which conformity was encouraged and diverse views not acceptable.In other words,Enron fell prey to

A) social facilitation.
B) group polarization.
C) social loafing.
D) groupthink.

Question 37

When she first hears a particular song on the radio,Madelaine hates it.A lot of other people like it,though,and the song is played often,so whether she wants to or not,Madelaine hears it over and over.One day she realizes that she actually kind of likes the song.She tells a friend that the song has grown on her.Madelaine's feelings about the song changed,due to the

A) social penetration theory.
B) social exchange theory.
C) mere exposure effect.
D) social facilitation effect.

Question 38

Eisa and Reuben have been assigned to do a group project with two other students from their class.They are aware that they earn higher grades than the other group members and expect that they will have to engage in ________________;that is,work harder in the group than if each of them were working alone.

A) social compensation
B) social facilitation
C) the norm of reciprocity
D) group polarization

Question 39

Kenisha and Will have been dating for several months and have just had their first major fight.John Gottman's research shows that couples who behave with ____________________ toward one another are least likely to have a happy or healthy relationship.

A) dominance,passiveness,inadequacy,and boredom
B) shouting,screaming,whining,and crying
C) criticism,contempt,defensiveness,and stonewalling
D) silence,secretiveness,sarcasm,and assumptions

Question 40

Kenisha and Will have been dating for several months and have just had their first major fight.John Gottman's research shows that ____________________ crucial if the relationship is to remain healthy and survive.

A) responsiveness,concern,respect,and supportiveness are
B) passion,commitment,and common interests are
C) a willingness to pretend that things are all right is
D) the ability to get out all anger as honestly as possible is