Deck 14: Therapy

Question 1

Dr.Tamar is a therapist who explores his client's early relationships.Based on what he learns,he encourages the client to adopt new ways of thinking and behaving.Dr.Tamar is using

A)biomedical therapy.
B)behavior therapy.
C)psychotherapy.
D)cognitive therapy.

Answer 1

biomedical therapy.

Question 2

Mr.Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love and hate for his parents.The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of

A)person-centered therapy.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)systematic desensitization.

Answer 2

psychoanalysis.

Question 3

In which approach to therapy do psychotherapists expect that patients are often motivated to resist discussing anxiety-laden material?

A)humanistic therapy
B)psychoanalysis
C)behavior therapy
D)cognitive therapy

Answer 3

psychoanalysis

Question 4

Which of the following approaches to therapy would most likely involve efforts to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences?

A)psychoanalysis
B)behavior therapy
C)humanistic therapy
D)cognitive therapy

Question 5

________ helped form the foundation for treating psychological disorders,and it continues to influence modern therapists working from the ________.

A)Psychoanalysis;cognitive-behavioral perspective
B)Person-centered therapy;psychodynamic perspective
C)Cognitive-behavioral therapy;person-centered perspective
D)Psychoanalysis;psychodynamic perspective

Question 6

An eclectic approach to psychotherapy is one that

A)treats patients with drugs.
B)emphasizes the importance of free association.
C)involves treatment in a group setting.
D)uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Question 7

According to psychoanalysts,resistance refers to the

A)expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships.
B)blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy.
C)replacement of a genuine concern for others with self-centeredness.
D)conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders.

Question 8

The primary goal of psychoanalysis is to

A)learn and reinforce more productive behaviors in place of maladaptive behaviors.
B)bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness to help the person gain insight into those conflicts and resolve them.
C)provide unconditional positive regard to the person seeking help.
D)actively confront irrational thought patterns.

Question 9

Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of

A)cognitive therapies.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)a token economy.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 10

A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is

A)progressive relaxation.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)active listening.
D)free association.

Question 11

During psychotherapy,Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts.Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as

A)counterconditioning.
B)progressive relaxation.
C)transference.
D)resistance.

Question 12

Reformers ________ and ________ started the transition to more humane treatment of those with psychological disorders.

A)Sigmund Freud;Carl Rogers
B)Philippe Pinel;Dorothea Dix
C)Philippe Pinel;Sigmund Freud
D)Aaron Beck;Dorothea Dix

Question 13

Dr.Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients.She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns,and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors.Dr.Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as

A)humanistic.
B)psychoanalytic.
C)behavioral.
D)eclectic.

Question 14

According to Freud,when early experiences result in unresolved conflicts and frustrated urges,these emotionally charged memories are ________ but can continue to influence a person's thoughts and behavior.

A)discharged
B)transferred
C)resisted
D)repressed

Question 15

Dr.Martinez,who specializes in treating people with depression,uses techniques from several forms of therapy to treat his clients.Dr.Martinez is using

A)psychoanalysis.
B)person-centered therapy.
C)an eclectic approach.
D)cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 16

Psychological disorders that can be overcome with techniques such as counterconditioning are most likely to be treated with

A)free association.
B)psychotherapy.
C)person-centered therapy.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 17

The first psychological therapy was introduced by

A)Joseph Wolpe.
B)Sigmund Freud.
C)Aaron Beck.
D)Carl Rogers.

Question 18

When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident,the therapist instructed her to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience,even if they were scary or embarrassing.The therapist was making use of a technique known as

A)active listening.
B)transference.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)free association.

Question 19

The treatment of serious psychological disorders with prescribed medications or medical procedures that directly influence the nervous system is called

A)systematic desensitization.
B)cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C)psychodynamic therapy.
D)biomedical therapy.

Question 20

Dr.Yu treats his patients with depression by prescribing antidepressants or,in more serious cases,electroconvulsive therapy.The treatment being applied by Dr.Yu is called

A)biomedical therapy.
B)cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)person-centered therapy.

Question 21

Psychoanalysis would most likely involve discouraging patients from

A)experiencing strong positive or negative feelings for their therapist.
B)discontinuing psychotherapy whenever they felt it was no longer necessary.
C)talking about anxiety-arousing material during therapy.
D)talking about whatever comes to mind.

Question 22

Psychodynamic therapy is ________ than traditional psychoanalysis.

A)less effective
B)briefer
C)more expensive
D)less commonly used

Question 23

Helping patients gain perspective on feelings they seem to be defending against is a major goal of

A)systematic desensitization.
B)psychodynamic therapy.
C)a token economy.
D)cognitive therapy.

Question 24

Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist,and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients.To a psychoanalyst,this is most indicative of

A)unconditional positive regard.
B)resistance.
C)transference.
D)free association.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is FALSE?

A)Traditional psychoanalysis is a slow therapeutic process that may last for years.
B)It is a myth that Sigmund Freud's patients lay on a couch during psychoanalytical sessions.
C)Psychoanalysis places importance on understanding one's dreams.
D)Free association is a major technique.

Question 26

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by

A)discouraging people from using antidepressant drugs.
B)using progressive relaxation to reduce anxiety.
C)increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
D)using personality tests to accurately diagnose the person's difficulties.

Question 27

According to traditional psychoanalysis,when the patient experiences blocks in the process of free association,abruptly changes the topic being discussed,or suddenly goes silent,it probably signals

A)insight.
B)resistance.
C)interpretation.
D)transference.

Question 28

Which form of therapy has been criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven?

A)person-centered therapy
B)psychoanalysis
C)cognitive-behavioral therapy
D)systematic desensitization

Question 29

Transference refers to a patient's

A)conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders.
B)expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.
C)replacement of self-centeredness with a genuine concern for others.
D)translation of threatening dream content into nonthreatening images.

Question 30

For the past several weeks,Marta has been responding to her therapist with hostility.Marta often responds similarly to her parents,especially her mother.Marta is probably unconsciously experiencing

A)resistance.
B)transference.
C)free association.
D)unconditional positive regard.

Question 31

Nate's past relationships with his mother,his former wife,and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment.Helping Nate to gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern during the process of

A)behavior modification.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)psychodynamic therapy.
D)biomedical therapy.

Question 32

Unlike psychodynamic therapists,humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________.

A)present;future
B)past;present
C)present;past
D)past;future

Question 33

A therapist wants to help Hannah recognize her mixed feelings of fear and love for her husband and to realize that she often experienced similar feelings for her brothers during their childhood.The therapist's goal is most clearly consistent with the aims of

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)behavior therapy.
C)biomedical therapy.
D)person-centered therapy.

Question 34

Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to

A)focus more on other people's feelings than on their own.
B)adapt more readily to social norms and expectations.
C)imitate the behavior of others who are happy and successful.
D)take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions.

Question 35

A psychoanalyst who notes the supposed meaning of a patient's dream in order to provide the patient with new insight is engaging in

A)transference.
B)interpretation.
C)counterconditioning.
D)free association.

Question 36

After months of psychoanalysis,Noah's therapist felt it was time to offer several explanations of Noah's dreams and free associations to help Noah recognize unconscious conflicts and motivations.Noah's therapist was using the psychoanalytic technique called

A)resistance.
B)transference.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)interpretation.

Question 37

During psychotherapy,Sharon talked about a dream in which she jumped off a sinking boat in order to avoid drowning.Sharon's psychoanalyst suggested that the dream imagery reflected her desperate efforts to cope with her failing marriage.The analyst's suggestion best illustrates the practice of

A)transference.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)free association.
D)interpretation.

Question 38

Psychoanalysis is most likely to view patient transference as

A)a symptom of depression.
B)a sign of healthy personality development.
C)a potential aid to the patient in developing insight.
D)evidence that no further therapy is needed.

Question 39

Psychodynamic therapy techniques involve efforts to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their

A)important relationships.
B)sexual dysfunctions.
C)eating habits and drug use.
D)self-blaming explanations.

Question 40

In psychoanalysis,an important component of the interpretation of resistance is

A)active listening.
B)dream analysis.
C)unconditional positive regard.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 41

The basic assumption of behavior therapy is that

A)faulty patterns of thinking are producing the current difficulties.
B)problem behaviors are the problems.
C)every family has unspoken rules of interaction and communication that have contributed to the current difficulties.
D)the therapist must be nondirective and provide the client with unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding.

Question 42

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by

A)cognitive therapies.
B)psychodynamic therapy.
C)behavior therapies.
D)humanistic therapies.

Question 43

During many of Natalie's therapy sessions,her person-centered therapist openly and honestly shares his own feelings about what Natalie is saying.Natalie's therapist is

A)modeling genuineness in a way that encourages Natalie to also express herself in an open and nondefensive way.
B)fostering transference so that Natalie will gain insight into repressed memories.
C)using systematic desensitization so that Natalie understands that all people have problems.
D)trying to counteract Natalie's negative cognitive bias.

Question 44

When Murli told his therapist,"I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded,"It sounds like you're feeling you need some help.Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of

A)transference.
B)free association.
C)active listening.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 45

Madison has a fear of spiders.Her therapist has designed a therapy to replace fear with calm when Madison sees a spider.Madison's therapist is applying ________ therapy.

A)behavior
B)humanistic
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic

Question 46

Person-centered therapy was developed by

A)Aaron Beck.
B)Joseph Wolpe.
C)Albert Ellis.
D)Carl Rogers.

Question 47

Both psychoanalysis and person-centered therapy stress

A)the importance of insight and increased self-understanding.
B)learning new conditioned responses that are incompatible with previously learned responses.
C)the importance of determining an accurate baseline measurement for the incidence of problem behaviors.
D)the importance of focusing on past relationships and social interactions rather than on present experiences.

Question 48

During Judith's therapy sessions,her therapist listens,without judging or interpreting.He also refrains from directing her toward certain insights.This therapy,which focuses on the person's conscious self-perceptions,is considered to be

A)nondirective.
B)diagnostic.
C)systematic.
D)behavioral.

Question 49

In one treatment for bed-wetting,the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet,triggers an alarm and awakens the child.This treatment is a form of

A)biomedical therapy.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)behavior therapy.
D)humanistic therapy.

Question 50

Carl Rogers encouraged therapists to foster client growth by exhibiting

A)resistance,transference,and interpretation.
B)insight,progressive relaxation,and adaptive habits.
C)genuineness,acceptance,and empathy.
D)self-awareness,self-acceptance,and self-fulfillment.

Question 51

Although they agreed to help him financially,Alan's parents were nevertheless angry and disappointed with him when he chose to attend the state university instead of going to the same college that his father attended.According to Carl Rogers,Alan's parents are withholding

A)unconditional positive regard.
B)empathic understanding.
C)counterconditioning.
D)transference.

Question 52

During a marriage counseling session,the therapist suggests to Mr.and Mrs.Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own.The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with

A)psychoanalysis.
B)cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)person-centered therapy.

Question 53

Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of

A)psychoanalysis.
B)biomedical therapy.
C)person-centered therapy.
D)behavior therapy.

Question 54

Reuben's psychotherapist is nonjudgmental and supportive of him even when Reuben reveals some of his questionable motives and less-than-admirable personality traits.The psychotherapist most clearly is demonstrating

A)an eclectic approach.
B)free association.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)unconditional positive regard.

Question 55

The humanistic perspective emphasizes

A)boosting people's self-fulfillment by helping them grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance.
B)unconscious motives and conflicts.
C)the use of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior.
D)the use of aversive conditioning.

Question 56

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on clients discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?

A)psychoanalysis
B)cognitive therapy
C)systematic desensitization
D)person-centered therapy

Question 57

Echoing,restating,and clarifying what a client expresses is most central to the process of

A)systematic desensitization.
B)counterconditioning.
C)free association.
D)active listening.

Question 58

Carl Rogers referred to a caring,nonjudgmental attitude as

A)active listening.
B)free association.
C)unconditional positive regard.
D)positive reinforcement.

Question 59

Carl Rogers encouraged person-centered therapists to ________ during the process of therapy.

A)clearly communicate their diagnosis of a client's disorder
B)genuinely express their own true feelings
C)explain the immediate causes of a client's difficulties
D)make a list of situations that trigger the client's anxiety

Question 60

An important feature of person-centered therapy is

A)systematic desensitization.
B)transference.
C)free association.
D)active listening.

Question 61

According to Mary Cover Jones,3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating his midafternoon snack.This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of

A)cognitive therapy.
B)exposure therapies.
C)free association.
D)transference.

Question 62

A token economy is to operant conditioning as ________ is to classical conditioning.

A)systematic desensitization
B)active listening
C)free association
D)catastrophizing

Question 63

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses are

A)systematic desensitization and free association.
B)dialectical behavior therapy and psychoanalysis.
C)unconditional positive regard and transference.
D)aversive conditioning and exposure therapy.

Question 64

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of

A)behavior therapies.
B)humanistic therapies.
C)psychodynamic therapy.
D)cognitive therapies.

Question 65

The process of systematic desensitization is most likely to require patients to

A)use free association to extinguish their fears.
B)construct a list of anxiety-triggering situations.
C)take more personal responsibility for self-defeating behaviors.
D)associate unwanted behaviors with unpleasant feelings.

Question 66

Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that ________ in fear-provoking situations can gradually eliminate anxiety.

A)self-awareness
B)free association
C)relaxation
D)active listening

Question 67

Joseph Wolpe is best known for promoting the development of

A)dialectical behavior therapy.
B)exposure therapies.
C)aversive conditioning.
D)psychodynamic therapy.

Question 68

Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat.The mother's strategy best illustrates

A)counterconditioning.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)transference.
D)dialectical behavior therapy.

Question 69

Daniel's therapist uses a counterconditioning technique that is especially helpful when it is too expensive or too embarrassing for a person to directly confront an anxiety-arousing situation.This technique is called

A)virtual reality exposure therapy.
B)a token economy.
C)free association.
D)aversive conditioning.

Question 70

Systematic desensitization involves

A)depriving a client access to an addictive drug.
B)associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
C)replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response.
D)associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 71

A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called

A)free association.
B)transference.
C)counterconditioning.
D)unconditional positive regard.

Question 72

Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date,so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for his cell phone and then calling a potential date.The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of

A)dialectical behavior therapy.
B)transference.
C)cognitive therapy.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 73

Which of the following is a type of exposure therapy?

A)psychodynamic therapy
B)a token economy
C)systematic desensitization
D)person-centered therapy

Question 74

In classical conditioning therapies,maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be

A)unconditioned stimuli.
B)conditioned stimuli.
C)unconditioned responses.
D)conditioned responses.

Question 75

Releasing tension in one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort is called ________ relaxation.

A)simulated
B)systematic
C)progressive
D)unconditional

Question 76

Reducing patients' anxiety by having them repeatedly experience in safe settings the things they fear and often avoid is most central to

A)a token economy.
B)exposure therapies.
C)free association.
D)aversive conditioning.

Question 77

To reduce a patient's fear of certain medical procedures,a therapist repeatedly paired the sight of a hypodermic needle that triggered a learned fear response with the taste of chocolate that triggered an unlearned sense of pleasure.The therapist was most clearly using a technique involving

A)unconditional positive regard.
B)a token economy.
C)classical conditioning.
D)free association.

Question 78

Virtual reality exposure therapy is most similar to

A)dialectical behavior therapy.
B)aversive conditioning.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)transference.

Question 79

Systematic desensitization is a form of ________,which is a type of ________.

A)transference;dialectical behavior therapy
B)active listening;biomedical therapy
C)free association;cognitive therapy
D)counterconditioning;behavior therapy

Question 80

Gina is so fearful of taking tests for college courses that she experiences mild anxiety when registering for a course,intense anxiety when studying for a test,and extreme anxiety when answering actual test questions.Her greatest fear,however,is experienced while waiting for a professor to hand out tests.During the process of systematically desensitizing her test anxiety,the therapist is likely to ask Gina first to imagine

A)answering questions on a college test.
B)waiting for a professor to hand out tests.
C)studying for a test.
D)registering for a college course.