Deck 16: Psychology at Work

Question 1

Csikszentmihalyi came up with the concept of ________ after studying artists who would spend hour after hour painting or sculpting with focused concentration.

A)charisma
B)hardiness
C)grit
D)flow

Answer 1

flow

Question 2

Dr.Thompson develops interview questions that will effectively predict job applicants' success in specific work positions.Her work best illustrates that of a(n)________ psychologist.

A)personnel
B)organizational
C)human factors
D)clinical

Answer 2

personnel

Question 3

Flow is characterized by a ________ awareness of self and a ________ awareness of the passing of time.

A)heightened;diminished
B)diminished;heightened
C)heightened;heightened
D)diminished;diminished

Answer 3

diminished;diminished

Question 4

Those who view their work as a necessary but personally unfulfilling way to make money are said to view work as a

A)contract.
B)job.
C)calling.
D)career.

Question 5

Jeff,who is 14,engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitive play at least four hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best university teams in the country.His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of

A)the psychological contract.
B)transformational leadership.
C)human factors psychology.
D)achievement motivation.

Question 6

When researchers monitored the professional accomplishments of more than 1500 highly intelligent individuals,they found that the most successful were more ambitious,energetic,and persistent.This best illustrates the importance of

A)social leadership.
B)human factors psychology.
C)achievement motivation.
D)a democratic leadership style.

Question 7

Alonso is so absorbed in solving complex engineering problems that he loses track of time as he spends entire weekends working.Alonzo's experience best illustrates the concept of

A)task leadership.
B)managing by objectives.
C)charisma.
D)flow.

Question 8

Those who view their work as a career are especially likely to be concerned about opportunities for

A)outsourcing.
B)creating action plans.
C)transformational leadership.
D)increasingly better employment positions.

Question 9

Andrea views her work as primarily an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder in pursuit of increasingly better positions.Andrea apparently views her work as a

A)calling.
B)job.
C)contract.
D)career.

Question 10

Julia is a highly skilled professional violinist.She often becomes so focused and energized by her challenging practice sessions that they last hours longer than she had planned.Her experience best illustrates the concept of

A)flow.
B)task leadership.
C)human factors psychology.
D)mind-wandering.

Question 11

In studies of both high school and college students,________ has been a better predictor of school performance than intelligence test scores have been.

A)social leadership
B)self-discipline
C)a directive leadership style
D)self-esteem

Question 12

People report the greatest satisfaction with their work and their lives if they

A)work only part-time.
B)view their work as a calling.
C)are strongly motivated by high wages.
D)are supervised by managers with a directive style.

Question 13

Human factors psychologists are most likely to be involved in

A)designing training programs to prepare unemployed persons for existing jobs.
B)exploring how machines can be optimally designed to fit human abilities.
C)assessing the impact of supervisors' management styles on business productivity.
D)matching people's strengths with specific job assignments.

Question 14

Which profession is most directly involved in the application of psychology's principles to the workplace?

A)social psychology
B)personality psychology
C)developmental psychology
D)industrial-organizational psychology

Question 15

Developing assessment tools for selecting and placing employees is of most direct relevance to

A)clinical psychology.
B)organizational psychology.
C)human factors psychology.
D)personnel psychology.

Question 16

Work activities that leave you wondering "When can I do this again?" rather than "When will this be over?" are most likely to be associated with

A)outsourcing.
B)hardiness.
C)mind-wandering.
D)the experience of flow.

Question 17

A worker who spends far more time sharpening existing skills than correcting existing weaknesses

A)is most likely a satisfied and successful employee.
B)views his or her work as a job.
C)has a directive rather than a democratic leadership style.
D)is motivated more by external rewards than by internal rewards.

Question 18

The desire for significant accomplishment,for mastery of skills or ideas,for control,and for attaining a high standard is called

A)the experience of flow.
B)impulse control
C)achievement motivation.
D)task leadership.

Question 19

Organizational psychologists are most likely to be involved in

A)developing assessment tools for evaluating workers' performance.
B)modifying work environments to improve employee engagement.
C)contributing to the design of user-friendly industrial machines.
D)designing training programs to prepare unemployed persons for existing jobs.

Question 20

Effectively designing the layout of a commercial food-processing facility in a way that maximizes efficient and safe food preparation best illustrates a task that might be the responsibility of

A)personnel psychologists.
B)organizational psychologists.
C)clinical psychologists.
D)human factors psychologists.

Question 21

Tyree's basketball coach makes his players practice free throws after a difficult practice,and has the whole team run laps if every player on the team does not sink at least 75 percent of their free throws.Tyree's coach is likely trying to develop ________ in his players.

A)task leadership
B)the experience of flow
C)charisma
D)hardiness

Question 22

Engaged employees are likely to

A)practice human factors psychology.
B)view their work as a job rather than a calling.
C)prefer working for managers with a directive management style.
D)know what is expected of them at their workplace.

Question 23

Expecting every faculty member at a university to teach the same number of courses,advise the same number of students,serve on the same number of committees,and engage in the same amount of research would

A)interfere with the practice of outsourcing.
B)help to promote social leadership.
C)fail to match tasks to the unique strengths of each professor.
D)promote the professors' experience of flow.

Question 24

Managers who excel at task leadership typically

A)demonstrate charisma.
B)use a directive style.
C)discourage employee performance reviews.
D)use a democratic style.

Question 25

A specification of when,where,and how to achieve the subgoals necessary for completion of a major task illustrates a(n)

A)psychological contact.
B)state of flow.
C)action plan.
D)democratic leadership style.

Question 26

Employees who put in work time but invest little passion or energy in their work are described as

A)resilient.
B)outsourced.
C)not engaged.
D)actively disengaged.

Question 27

Managers with a task-leadership style would be most likely to

A)help resolve a conflict between two argumentative employees.
B)give employees a high degree of freedom to develop their own work procedures.
C)remind employees of the exact deadlines for the completion of work projects.
D)avoid closely monitoring the productivity of individual employees.

Question 28

A business setting in which workers have regular opportunities to do what they do best and perceive that they are part of something significant is one that promotes

A)task leadership.
B)action plans.
C)employee engagement.
D)employee performance reviews.

Question 29

Leaders who set target dates for the completion of specific measurable goals best illustrate

A)transformational leadership.
B)managing by objectives.
C)hardiness.
D)the experience of flow.

Question 30

Ever since he was a 10-year-old,Jonah practiced his violin several hours a day with no prompting from his parents.His goals were to be accepted to Juilliard School and someday perform with the New York Philharmonic.In pursuing these goals,Jonah's behavior exemplifies

A)grit.
B)charisma.
C)task leadership.
D)human factors psychology.

Question 31

By praising their employees' positive behaviors,managers often encourage their workers to continue laboring productively.This best illustrates the value of

A)reinforcement.
B)action plans.
C)a democratic management style.
D)experiencing flow.

Question 32

Alex is a company manager who dictates workplace rules and task assignments without giving employees much opportunity to voice their task preferences or workplace concerns.Alex best illustrates

A)charisma.
B)transformational leadership.
C)grit.
D)a directive leadership style.

Question 33

Grit can best be described as

A)transformational leadership.
B)positive self-esteem.
C)a reduced awareness of self and time.
D)passionate perseverance in pursuit of a long-term goal.

Question 34

The on-time completion of major work projects is most clearly promoted by

A)reducing flow.
B)mind-wandering.
C)outsourcing.
D)creating action plans.

Question 35

Which of the following is an important component of grit?

A)charisma
B)outsourcing
C)self-discipline
D)social leadership

Question 36

Jeremy is enthusiastically committed to his work within a company whose customer service goals are aligned with his own personal sense of occupational calling.Jeremy's attitude best illustrates

A)a directive leadership style.
B)charisma.
C)operant conditioning.
D)employee engagement.

Question 37

Psychologists use the term ________ to refer to human resilience under stress.

A)charisma
B)self-esteem
C)flow
D)hardiness

Question 38

Those who demonstrate grit are especially likely to demonstrate a high level of

A)charisma.
B)social leadership.
C)achievement motivation.
D)mind-wandering.

Question 39

As a business manager,Julie often calls her employees' attention to their occasional mistakes while withholding praise for their many accomplishments.Julie fails to take full advantage of a basic principle of

A)outsourcing.
B)operant conditioning.
C)task leadership.
D)human factors psychology.

Question 40

Satisfied employees' positive moods at work have most clearly been found to promote

A)a directive leadership style.
B)outsourcing.
C)helpfulness and persistence.
D)charisma.

Question 41

Dr.McCollum writes interview questions for job applicants and trains interviewers to ask the same questions of all applicants and evaluate them on a standardized rating scale.Her work best illustrates that of a(n)________ psychologist.

A)personnel
B)organizational
C)human factors
D)clinical

Question 42

Human factors psychologists would be most likely to aid in the design of

A)employee weight-reduction programs.
B)management training seminars.
C)user-friendly factory machinery.
D)work-skills assessment tests.

Question 43

Compared with ineffective managers,those who are successful are more likely to

A)avoid solving conflicts between employees.
B)exercise a highly directive management style for achieving organizational goals.
C)encourage employee productivity by reinforcing it.
D)do all of these things.

Question 44

A group-oriented manager who mediates conflicts and builds effective teamwork most clearly demonstrates

A)managing by objectives.
B)the experience of flow.
C)social leadership.
D)a directive management style.

Question 45

Although they are not unassertive,effective leaders are not overly assertive because that trait is most likely to interfere with

A)managing by objectives.
B)outsourcing.
C)human factors psychology.
D)social leadership.

Question 46

Motivating workers to identify with and commit themselves to a group mission best illustrates

A)the experience of flow.
B)operant conditioning.
C)a directive management style.
D)transformational leadership.

Question 47

Aiding in the design and placement of programming controls for copy machines used in large workplace settings would be of most direct relevance to

A)personnel psychologists.
B)clinical psychologists.
C)human factors psychologists.
D)organizational psychologists.

Question 48

Women are more likely than men to exhibit the qualities associated with

A)outsourcing.
B)achievement motivation.
C)transformational leadership.
D)a directive management style.

Question 49

A completely focused state of consciousness resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills is called

A)charisma.
B)managing by objectives.
C)task leadership.
D)flow.

Question 50

Lisbeth views her work only as a way to make the money she needs to do the things she enjoys.Lisbeth apparently views her work as a

A)calling.
B)job.
C)contract.
D)career.

Question 51

In psychology,________ is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

A)grit
B)social leadership
C)charisma
D)a directive style of leadership

Question 52

Dr.Eisenberg develops guidelines for use by company supervisors to appraise the performance of workers.His work best illustrates that of a(n)________ psychologist.

A)clinical
B)personnel
C)organizational
D)human factors

Question 53

Assessing the impact of different management styles on the motivation and productivity of employees best illustrates the professional concerns of

A)personnel psychology.
B)clinical psychology.
C)organizational psychology.
D)human factors psychology.

Question 54

Achievement motivation is the desire for significant accomplishment,for mastery of skills or ideas,for ________,and for attaining a high standard.

A)control
B)mind-wandering
C)the experience of flow
D)a democratic leadership style

Question 55

Personnel psychology is one of the main subfields of

A)organizational psychology.
B)industrial-organizational psychology.
C)human factors psychology.
D)social psychology.

Question 56

Managers who build teamwork and effectively mediate employee conflicts are said to excel in

A)developing action plans.
B)social leadership.
C)optimizing worker placement.
D)a directive management style.

Question 57

If given a chance to express their own opinions during a decision-making process,people will respond more positively to the decision.This best illustrates the value of

A)task leadership.
B)flow.
C)a democratic leadership style.
D)action plans.

Question 58

Work is likely to be most satisfying for employees if it is associated with

A)task leadership.
B)the experience of flow.
C)outsourcing.
D)mind-wandering.

Question 59

Leaders with a goal-based vision that they clearly communicate in a way that inspires their group to follow them are said to demonstrate

A)flow.
B)charisma.
C)grit.
D)hardiness.

Question 60

In the process of generating humanitarian reforms in a cotton mill in Scotland,Robert Owen demonstrated

A)flow.
B)outsourcing.
C)the bell-shaped curve.
D)transformational leadership.

Question 61

Which profession is most likely to be concerned with the effect of supervisors' management styles on worker motivation and productivity?

A)developmental psychology
B)social psychology
C)industrial-organizational psychology
D)cognitive psychology

Question 62

Matt is a student who becomes so fully absorbed in his course studies that he completely loses awareness of how long he has been working.Matt's experience best illustrates

A)managing by objectives.
B)task leadership.
C)human factors psychology.
D)flow.

Question 63

A psychological consultant develops a test that assesses the extent to which applicants for company sales positions communicate in an honest and animated manner.The consultant's work best illustrates that of a(n)

A)clinical psychologist.
B)human factors psychologist.
C)organizational psychologist.
D)personnel psychologist.

Question 64

Juan,who is 16,is very motivated in trying to make the Olympic swim team.He practices several hours a day and sets very high,but achievable goals in his competitive times for each event.The more improvement he makes,the harder he practices.His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of

A)human factors psychology.
B)flow.
C)a democratic leadership style.
D)achievement motivation.

Question 65

Those who view their work as a calling report ________ work satisfaction than those who view their work as a job and ________ work satisfaction than those who view their work as a career.

A)more;less
B)less;more
C)more;more
D)less;less

Question 66

Human factors psychology is a distinct field that is allied with

A)clinical psychology.
B)personnel psychology.
C)social psychology.
D)industrial-organizational psychology.

Question 67

Designing aircraft instrument displays so pilots can easily and accurately monitor flight data would be of most direct interest to

A)personnel psychology.
B)organizational psychology.
C)human factors psychology.
D)clinical psychology.

Question 68

A feeling that one's workplace setting offers many opportunities to learn and grow is most likely to promote

A)managing by objectives.
B)transformational leadership.
C)employee engagement.
D)a directive leadership style.

Question 69

Improving employee morale and business profitability by developing a new chain of command between subdivisions of a large manufacturing company best illustrates the work of a

A)personnel psychologist.
B)human factors psychologist.
C)organizational psychologist.
D)clinical psychologist.

Question 70

Those who view their work as a fulfilling and socially useful activity are said to view work as a

A)job.
B)calling.
C)career.
D)contract.

Question 71

Achievement motivation refers to

A)a goal-oriented leadership style that builds teamwork.
B)a desire for significant accomplishment.
C)a need to feel that the world is organized and predictable.
D)a focused state of consciousness accompanied by diminished self-awareness.

Question 72

Csikszentmihalyi observed that being purposely immersed in tasks that fully engage our skills leads to

A)viewing work as a career.
B)transformational leadership.
C)the development of action plans.
D)the experience of flow.

Question 73

Managers who delegate authority and welcome team members' participation are said to excel in

A)outsourcing.
B)social leadership.
C)performance appraisal.
D)a directive management style.

Question 74

Identifying the sorts of work challenges that you relish and the sorts of tasks that you enjoy learning is most useful for finding your path to

A)hardiness.
B)charisma.
C)grit.
D)flow.

Question 75

Work is LEAST likely to be experienced as a positive and fulfilling activity for those who

A)receive annual performance reviews.
B)frequently experience flow.
C)view their work as a job.
D)are self-employed.

Question 76

Personnel psychologists are most likely to be involved in

A)selecting,training,and evaluating employees.
B)modifying work environments to improve employee engagement.
C)contributing to the design of user-friendly industrial machines.
D)assessing the effect of supervisors' management styles on business productivity.

Question 77

Andre has a very strong drive to be the best pianist in his music school.Andre's desire to pursue high standards and significant accomplishments is indicative of

A)human factors psychology.
B)social leadership.
C)task leadership.
D)achievement motivation.

Question 78

Fostering changes in work environments and management practices to improve worker satisfaction and productivity best illustrates the concerns of

A)human factors psychologists.
B)clinical psychologists.
C)personnel psychologists.
D)organizational psychologists.

Question 79

Satisfying work activities that are specifically suited to an individual's unique strengths are most likely to be associated with the experience of

A)mind-wandering.
B)task leadership.
C)flow.
D)social leadership.

Question 80

A high level of satisfaction with one's work is most likely to be reported by those who frequently experience

A)flow.
B)directive work supervisors.
C)work performance reviews.
D)mind-wandering.