Deck 15: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

A/An ________ is a persistent,unwanted thought.

A)obsession
B)delusion
C)compulsion
D)hallucination

Answer 1

obsession

Question 2

Which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia?

A)catatonic stupor
B)loss of motivation
C)split personality
D)emotional flatness

Answer 2

split personality

Question 3

Mary went to the emergency room for the second time in a month complaining of difficulty breathing and chest pain that had come on suddenly.She thought she was having a heart attack and was afraid she was dying,but the doctor could not find anything wrong.She may be suffering from:

A)panic disorder.
B)PTSD.
C)a somatoform disorder.
D)hypochondria.

Answer 3

panic disorder.

Question 4

After surviving a train derailment,John experienced frequent,vivid thoughts and images of the accident for several months.He also had problems sleeping and was irritable and withdrawn.John is suffering from:

A)major depression.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)PTSD.
D)panic disorder.

Question 5

________,the fear of dirt and germs,is a common phobia.

A)Mysophobia
B)Triskaidekaphobia
C)Brontophobia
D)Agoraphobia

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a problem with the DSM?

A)the danger of overdiagnosis
B)the power of diagnostic labels
C)the illusion of objectivity and universality
D)the inclusion of culture-bound syndromes

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the five axes in the DSM?

A)the primary clinical problem
B)family history of primary problem
C)contributing medical conditions
D)global assessment of functioning

Question 8

Obsessive-compulsive disorder may involve a brain abnormality in the:

A)thalamus.
B)prefrontal cortex.
C)amygdala.
D)hippocampus.

Question 9

Dante spoke of finding himself lost "in a dark wood" in The Divine Comedy.What disorder does this describe?

A)bipolar disorder
B)major depression
C)dissociative identity disorder
D)PTSD

Question 10

One of the symptoms of ________ is a lack of remorse,empathy,anxiety,and other social emotions.

A)schizophrenia
B)antisocial personality disorder
C)borderline personality disorder
D)psychopathy

Question 11

The primary purpose of the ________ is to aid in the diagnosis of mental disorders.

A)MMPI
B)Rorshach test
C)DSM
D)clinical interview

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of schizophrenia?

A)word salad
B)hearing music
C)bizarre delusions
D)catatonic stupor

Question 13

In 1960,only eight cases of dissociative identity disorder had been reported,but by 1995,________ cases had been reported in North America alone.

A)1000
B)30 000
C)15 000
D)40 000

Question 14

________ is a disorder characterized by intense but unstable relationships,a fear of abandonment by others,an unrealistic self-image,and emotional volatility.

A)Paranoid personality disorder
B)Borderline personality disorder
C)Narcissistic personality disorder
D)Antisocial personality disorder

Question 15

________ refers to a fear of being trapped in a crowded,public place.

A)Claustrophobia
B)Mysophobia
C)Social phobia
D)Agoraphobia

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of mania?

A)feelings of power
B)impulsive behaviour
C)extreme euphoria
D)excess rumination

Question 17

Alcoholism is most likely in which of the following countries?

A)Ireland
B)France
C)Italy
D)Greece

Question 18

In defining mental disorder one can take all of the following points of view EXCEPT:

A)society's point of view.
B)the point of view of those who are affected or endangered by a disturbed person.
C)a legal point of view.
D)the point of view of the distressed individual.

Question 19

________ lack reliability and validity.

A)Objective tests
B)Personality inventories
C)Projective tests
D)Diagnoses based on the DSM

Question 20

Mental disorder is defined as:

A)the inability to distinguish right from wrong.
B)behaviour that violates cultural standards.
C)behaviour or emotional states that cause an individual distress,are self-destructive,endanger others,or impair a person's ability to function.
D)behaviour that deviates strongly from the norm and prevents a person from functioning normally.

Question 21

A major advantage of the DSM is that:

A)use of the DSM gives the illusion of objectivity.
B)many psychological symptoms fall along a continuum from mild to severe.
C)the boundaries between "normality" and "mental disorder" are fuzzy.
D)the reliability of diagnosis is greatly improved when the manual is used correctly.

Question 22

Given the textbook's definition of mental disorder,it is quite likely that:

A)almost all people will have a mental health problem in the course of their lives.
B)many people will have some mental health problem in the course of their lives.
C)college students are the least likely group to experience a mental health problem in the course of their lives.
D)college students are the most likely group to experience one or more mental health problems in the course of their lives.

Question 23

Social and environmental stressors that may bear on a person's condition would be considered on the ________ axis,or dimension,of the DSM.

A)second
B)third
C)fifth
D)fourth

Question 24

________ would include pathological gambling,setting fires,or having violent rages.

A)Personality disorders
B)Impulse-control disorders
C)Somatoform disorders
D)Dissociative disorders

Question 25

If a person has hallucinations or sees visions of a loved one who has passed on,a psychologist would be likely to think which of the following?

A)The situation is completely relative,and it would depend on that person's culture whether or not the person might be viewed as having a mental illness.
B)That person most likely has a mental illness.
C)That person is normal,given that is common to have such visions.
D)It would be abnormal if it occurred to a person in China.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a problem with the DSM?

A)the likelihood of misdiagnosis
B)the power of diagnostic labels
C)the illusion of objectivity and universality
D)the danger of overdiagnosis

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the DSM?

A)The first edition of the DSM,published in 1952,listed about 100 disorders.
B)The primary aim of the DSM is to explain the causes of various psychological disorders.
C)The DSM encourages clinicians to evaluate clients according to five different axes.
D)The DSM-IV revised edition published in 2000 contains nearly 400 disorders.

Question 28

The fact that what is considered abnormal and included as a mental disorder in the DSM may reflect cultural bias was apparent when ________ was considered a mental disorder.

A)anxiety
B)multiple personality disorder
C)homosexuality
D)zar

Question 29

The primary purpose of the DSM is to:

A)keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum.
B)help psychologists assess normal,as well as abnormal,behaviour.
C)describe the causes of common psychological disorders.
D)provide descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.

Question 30

A type of ________ that was formerly called multiple personality disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities.

A)anxiety disorder
B)impulse-control disorder
C)somatoform disorder
D)dissociative disorder

Question 31

In classifying disorders,the DSM emphasizes:

A)which drugs are required to treat a particular disorder.
B)explanations of the underlying causes of the various disorders.
C)description of symptoms and courses of disorders.
D)treatment strategies that clinicians should use.

Question 32

When a person has a mental illness,he or she:

A)engages in abnormal behaviour.
B)is engaging in a statistically rare behaviour.
C)may have symptoms that are extremely common.
D)is diagnosed as insane.

Question 33

Mental disorder as emotional distress would not be helpful in diagnosing:

A)a woman who is experiencing major depression.
B)a person addicted to alcohol.
C)a man with an incapacitating anxiety disorder.
D)someone with anti-social personality disorder who does not feel any guilt or remorse for her or his actions.

Question 34

When people are said to be insane,this means that:

A)a legal determination has been made that they are incompetent to stand trial and unaware of the consequences of their actions.
B)a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been made either by a psychologist or by a psychiatrist specializing in the treatment of the insane.
C)a psychiatrist has determined that they are suffering from one of the psychological disorders,as described in the DSM.
D)psychologists have compared their behaviours to characteristics of individuals with disorders and found a strong correlation.

Question 35

Burgess's acquaintances say that it is too bad that he can't find someone to marry who would love him as much as he loves himself! They are implying that he has:

A)a personality disorder.
B)an impulse-control disorder.
C)a somatoform disorder.
D)a dissociative disorder.

Question 36

Critics point out that one of the problems of the DSM is that it:

A)is too resistant to change and too reluctant to add new diagnostic categories,even though the concerns of 2013 are far different from those from 1952.
B)is not called the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and a Whole Bunch of Everyday Problems," yet the compilers keep adding everyday problems!
C)does not assess social and environmental problems that can make the disorder worse,such as job and housing troubles or leaving a network of close friends.
D)relies too much on empirical evidence and research findings rather than focusing on the person who is at the heart of the diagnostic process.

Question 37

In defining a mental disorder,it is common to consider all of the following EXCEPT whether a:

A)person's behaviour violates cultural standards.
B)person's behaviour is self-destructive or harmful to others.
C)person's behaviour causes him or her to feel distressed.
D)person is legally insane.

Question 38

In the evolution of the DSM,it is clear that:

A)the number of diagnoses of mental disorders has dropped substantially since the first publication of the DSM in 1952.
B)mental disorders have not changed very much over the last few decades.
C)the number of diagnoses of mental disorder has remained fairly constant over the last few decades.
D)the number of diagnoses of mental disorder has risen sharply since the first publication of the DSM in 1952.

Question 39

Dr.Samuel Cartwright's diagnosis of drapetomania,which purported to explain why slaves sought freedom,exemplifies:

A)recognition of panic disorder as far back as the early years of the nineteenth century.
B)how notions of mental disorder can serve the interests of those who are in power by putting a veneer of science on a subjective process.
C)the recognition of the intolerable conditions of slavery and the need to escape those conditions.
D)how great suffering elicits the "fight-or-flight" response,which is a normal human reaction.

Question 40

The first axis of the DSM is reserved for the description of a person's:

A)social and environmental stressors.
B)primary clinical problem,such as generalized anxiety disorder.
C)relevant medical conditions.
D)global assessment of functioning.

Question 41

Candice experiences a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread,apprehension,difficulties in concentration,and signs of motor tension.According to the DSM,this disorder is called:

A)panic attack.
B)agoraphobia.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 42

The revised MMPI that was tested by Michael Bagby at the University of Toronto provided an accurate framework for describing personality in both clinical and nonclinical participants.In this newer version,norms were based on a sample that was more representative in terms of all but:

A)religion.
B)age.
C)gender.
D)ethnicity.

Question 43

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as extreme excitement with verbal and physical violence for up to 30 minutes and then convulsions and a short coma.Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)taijin kyofusho
B)qi-gong psychotic reaction
C)zar
D)pibloktoq

Question 44

Sheldon is asked to report what he sees in an ambiguous picture.It is evident that Sheldon is being given the:

A)Beck Depression Inventory.
B)Rorschach Inkblot Test.
C)Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale.
D)MMPI.

Question 45

According to the textbook's discussion on anxiety:

A)posttraumatic stress disorder occurs within the first two days after a trauma.
B)in many situations it is sensible to feel anxiety; in fact,these emotions are adaptive.
C)panic attacks are called the fear of fears because people feel that they are dying.
D)it is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience a panic attack.

Question 46

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as a short episode of mental symptoms after a folk practice.Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)pibloktoq
B)qi-gong psychotic reaction
C)latah
D)koro

Question 47

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as preoccupation with death accompanied by bad dreams,fainting,appetite loss,fear,and hallucinations.Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)zar
B)amok
C)ghost sickness
D)taijin

Question 48

Which of the following statements about the MMPI is NOT true?

A)It is an example of a projective test of personality.
B)It has a high rate of false positives.
C)It is organized into ten categories,or scales.
D)It is the most widely used test for assessing personality and emotional disorders.

Question 49

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as brooding,followed by a violent outburst that is often precipitated by an insult.Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)ghost sickness
B)pibloktoq
C)zar
D)amok

Question 50

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as a short episode of mental symptoms after engaging in the folk practice of "exercise of vital energy." Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)pibloktoq
B)koro
C)qi-gong psychotic reaction
D)letah

Question 51

Which disorder does not belong with the others?

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)dissociative identity disorder
C)posttraumatic stress disorder
D)phobic disorder

Question 52

The chief characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder is:

A)short-lived,but intense,feelings of spontaneous anxiety.
B)repeated thoughts used to ward off anxious feelings.
C)continuous,uncontrollable anxiety or worry.
D)excessive fear of a particular situation.

Question 53

The Rorschach Inkblot Test tends to have ________,whereas the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory tends to have ________.

A)high reliability and validity; low reliability and validity
B)high reliability and low validity; low reliability and high validity
C)low reliability and validity; high reliability and validity
D)low reliability and validity; low reliability and validity

Question 54

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as a short episode of extreme excitement during which the individual behaves irrationally or violently.Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)amok
B)pibloktoq
C)ghost sickness
D)zar

Question 55

Projective tests are based on:

A)social-cognitive learning assumptions.
B)psychodynamic assumptions.
C)humanist assumptions.
D)behavioural assumptions.

Question 56

Psychological tests used to infer motives,conflicts,and unconscious dynamics on the basis of a person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli are called:

A)projective tests.
B)objective tests.
C)inventories.
D)clinical judgment tests.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT used by clinical psychologists in arriving at a diagnosis of a new patient?

A)interviews with the patient
B)observing the person's behaviour
C)blood tests
D)psychological tests

Question 58

The assessment method that would have the most validity and reliability would be:

A)the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory).
B)clinical observations and interviews.
C)the Rorschach Inkblot Test.
D)the Exner Comprehensive Scoring System for the Rorschach Inkblot Test.

Question 59

The MMPI is often misused in all but this setting:

A)industry
B)hospital
C)legal
D)academic

Question 60

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as belief in possession by a spirit,causing shouting,laughing,head banging,weeping,and withdrawal.Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)brain fag
B)zar
C)ghost sickness
D)amok

Question 61

Ramona has lost her interest in gardening,which brought her joy in the past.She's lost her appetite and life seems hopeless.Which disorder would Ramona be most likely to have?

A)major depression
B)borderline personality disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)narcissistic disorder

Question 62

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?

A)agoraphobia - fear of fear,fear of being trapped in public
B)generalized anxiety disorder - continuing sense of doom and worry
C)social phobia - fear of situations in which they will be observed by others
D)compulsion - recurrent,persistent,unwished-for images and thoughts

Question 63

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorders:

A)feel a deep sense of relief if they can talk themselves into forgoing a ritual.
B)have recurrent and persistent thoughts or images that are often dreamlike and appealing.
C)may have brain abnormalities such that their "alarm signal" doesn't turn off.
D)enjoy rituals,such as checking the oven and the locks three times,before sleeping.

Question 64

Obsessions involve ________; compulsions involve ________.

A)fears; phobias
B)emotions; cognitions
C)thoughts; actions
D)actions; thoughts

Question 65

When driving,Paula must constantly tap her fingers on the steering wheel and silently recite the alphabet to herself in order to divert her thoughts away from stopping the car to check and make sure she hasn't run someone over.Paula's repetitive tapping and reciting reflect the concept of a/an:

A)compulsion.
B)dissociation.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.

Question 66

When she is at home,Betty incessantly thinks about whether or not she has locked the door.She finds she cannot stop thinking about the lock,despite the fact that she has already checked the door.Betty's uncontrollable thoughts are an example of a/an:

A)hallucination.
B)compulsion.
C)delusion.
D)obsession.

Question 67

A student is so anxious about giving his speech in front of the class that he actually becomes nauseous and has to leave the classroom.He is most likely to be suffering from:

A)panic disorder.
B)social phobia.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 68

Carlin has recurring periods of intense fear during which he thinks that he is having a heart attack.He trembles and shakes,and his heart palpitates.This kind of problem is called:

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)agoraphobia.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)panic attack.

Question 69

Phobias differ from fears in that phobias:

A)do not interfere with one's behaviour.
B)are exaggerated and unrealistic.
C)are less likely to cause distress.
D)are not tied to a specific object or situation.

Question 70

In many of the people who continue to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder,the ________ is significantly smaller than in those people who recover from the trauma.

A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala

Question 71

Ashburn experiences a continuous state of uncontrollable worry and irritability.Most of the time he feels jittery and keyed up,even though he doesn't drink coffee.According to the DSM,this disorder is called:

A)panic attack.
B)agoraphobia.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 72

Marvella has recurring periods when she trembles and shakes and has hot and cold flashes.She is dizzy and her heart palpitates so much that Marvella is sure that she is going crazy.This kind of problem is called:

A)panic attack.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)agoraphobia.

Question 73

Research on anxiety disorders has indicated that:

A)in order to experience a generalized anxiety disorder,a person must have lived though a specific anxiety-producing event.
B)the majority of people who live through a traumatic experience continue to have posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms for many years.
C)stress symptoms are normal in the immediate aftermath of any crisis or trauma.
D)if psychic numbing and a sense of detachment from others persist for six weeks after a trauma,then posttraumatic stress disorder is diagnosed.

Question 74

A patient reports that her first panic attack was frightening and embarrassing.She was in the mall and people gathered around her.Over the next few months,the attacks started occurring more frequently,almost always in public places.Now she is afraid to leave the safety of her house.It appears that this individual has developed:

A)bipolar depression.
B)a personality disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)a dissociative disorder.

Question 75

Common phobias:

A)may involve a fear of dirt and germs,called mysophobia.
B)include the desire to say "Ugh" to a tarantula or to skip the snake display at the zoo.
C)include the fear of the colour purple,porphyrophobia.
D)may have evolved in human beings because these fears are adaptive for the species.

Question 76

Mr.Dobbs rarely leaves his house.He has arranged to have his groceries brought to the door and pays his bills online.Whenever he must leave home he needs one of his children to accompany him and becomes overwhelmed by a sense of fear and dread.He likely suffers from ________,a type of ________.

A)post-traumatic stress disorder; personality disorder
B)agoraphobia; panic disorder
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder; affective disorder
D)agoraphobia; phobic disorder

Question 77

Psychologists regard ________ as the "fear of fear."

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)panic attack
C)posttraumatic stress disorder
D)agoraphobia

Question 78

________ is a disorder involving disturbances in emotion,loss of interest in one's usual activities,thoughts of hopelessness,fatigue,and loss of appetite.

A)Borderline personality disorder
B)Major depression
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 79

Kellie is fearful in situations where she must eat in public or write in the presence of others.It is most likely that Kellie has:

A)an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)a social phobia.
C)an idiosyncratic phobia.
D)a generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 80

Evolutionary theorists would be most likely to agree that the fear of ________ was NOT likely to have evolved in humans as an adaptive behaviour.

A)heights and enclosed places
B)dirt
C)thunder
D)snakes and insects