Deck 4: The Social Psychology of Stratification

Question 1

Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

-____ Part of Kohn and Schooler's model of status attainment referring to the level of control supervisors have over workers.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Answer 1

Closeness of supervision

Question 2

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ When people do not receive benefits directly from those to whom they give benefits.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Answer 2

Indirect exchanges

Question 3

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Any way in which inequality in any form (race, class or gender) is perpetuated during our interactions as people are held accountable to the social categories they are a part of.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Answer 3

Doing Difference

Question 4

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Exchanges between two people.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 5

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Part of Kohn and Schooler's model of status attainment referring to an individual's level of conservatism, fatalism, and personally responsible morality.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 6

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Part of Kohn and Schooler's model of status attainment referring to how flexible people are in handling complex situations on the job.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 7

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Theory that links social roles and expectations from a larger society to stratification processes in groups.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 8

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Part of Kohn and Schooler's model of status attainment referring to how complicated the actual work is on the job.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 9

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ The upward or downward change in social class over time.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 10

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Characteristics individuals carry with them for performances in diverse situations.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 11

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ People with whom we are close like friends and family.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 12

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Ways in which individuals or groups are ranked in society.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 13

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Trust and support found in relationships with other people.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 14

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A group of people who share the same relative status in a given society.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 15

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Combination of strong and weak ties.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 16

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ The creation of social and physical boundaries between boys and girls.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 17

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Characteristics that create expectations for performance in limited settings.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 18

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Part of Kohn and Schooler's model of status attainment referring to the level of repetitiveness found on the job.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 19

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Hierarchies that develop in task groups.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 20

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ The idea that race, gender and class statuses are not separate, but interlocking systems of inequality.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 21

Carlos recently found a job as a newspaper reporter through a friend of a friend. This acquaintance refers to

A) a strong tie.
B) a weak tie.
C) a network tie.
D) all of the above

Question 22

There is very little social mobility in American families today.

Question 23

Which perspective in sociological social psychology is more likely to examine the effects of stratification in day-to-day exchanges between people.

A) symbolic interaction
B) social structure and personality
C) group processes
D) structural functionalism

Question 24

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Acquaintances or people we know through association with a third party.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 25

Which of the following best reflects a task group used to study status processes in groups?

A) A group of students at a class lecture.
B) A group of people waiting in line to pay at a store.
C) A group of citizens meeting to resolve a local problem.
D) all of the above

Question 26

How does Kohn and Schooler model of status attainment link economic status, job characteristics, and personality?

A) People with lower economic status tend to find work in jobs that have more supervision.
B) People with lower economic status tend to find work in jobs that require less intellectual flexibility.
C) People with less intellectual flexibility tend to seek jobs that are routinized.
D) all of the above

Question 27

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A social process in which individuals act according to the social rules or norms associated with being a man or a woman in society.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 28

Shirley Brice Heath's research on the socialization of status and race among Whites and Blacks in the rural-Piedmont Carolinas is important because

A) it shows how social class influences how we interact with other people.
B) it shows how historical and social conditions can affect our day-to-day interactions.
C) it shows that White people have an advantage over African-Americans in getting into good colleges.
D) both a and b

Question 29

Who gets the most status in groups based on Bales' research in social exchanges in small groups?

A) Those who are perceived as the best managers.
B) Those who are perceived as being the smartest.
C) Those who contribute the most to the group.
D) Those who listen and care the most for the other members.

Question 30

Why are weak ties so important for finding work?

A) People with whom we have weak ties live and work in circles outside our own.
B) People with whom we have weak ties tend to have better jobs.
C) People with whom we have weak ties aren't biased against us in the job market.
D) People with whom we have weak ties provide training in getting better jobs.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a job condition that has long-term impacts on our personality in the Kohn and Schooler model of status attainment?

A) closeness of supervision
B) routinization
C) substantive complexity
D) hourly wage

Question 32

According to the Wisconsin Model of Status Attainment, our mental abilities are affected by our social background.

Question 33

Elijah Anderson's study of inner city norms and values show that

A) inner city residents tend to be submissive in the face of their poverty.
B) inner city residents are taught to develop a toughness to deal with challenges of poverty and poor living conditions.
C) most inner city residents accept most traditional norms from the larger culture.
D) both b and c

Question 34

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Theory based on the premise that individuals enter into relationships that provide some benefit to us and end or leave relationships that do not provide some sort of reward.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 35

According the Wisconsin Model of Status Attainment, how does are social background influence our occupational status in life?

A) It shows that our social background influences who we spend time with.
B) It shows that our social background influences are mental abilities.
C) It shows that our social background affects our educational levels.
D) all of the above

Question 36

Which of the following is the best example of "borderwork"?

A) A group of teenage boys smoking cigarettes in a high-school parking lot.
B) A group of girls at a slumber party.
C) A group of boys and girls playing "kiss and chase."
D) A group of boys and girls being lecture to about poor behavior.

Question 37

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A process in which our class position influences the development of values that, in turn, influences the type of job we seek.

A)Feedback loop
B)Social mobility
C)Social capital
D)Social class
E)Diffuse characteristics
F)Status hierarchies
G)Social exchange theory
H)Doing gender
I)Indirect exchanges
J)Strong ties
K)Personal ties
L)Weak ties
M)Social stratification
N)Direct exchanges
O)Status characteristics theory
P)Borderwork
Q)Specific characteristics
R)Self-directed orientation
S)Closeness of supervision
T)Routinization
U)Intellectual flexibility
V)Substantive complexity
W)Doing Difference
X)Intersectionality

Question 38

Greta Paules' research on interactions between waitresses and their managers clearly shows that lower-status people have no control over their status in everyday interactions.

Question 39

What was being exchanged among crewmembers and the captain in George Homan's research about exchange processes on small warships?

A) support
B) caring
C) listening
D) all of the above

Question 40

Bradley, a student at Big U regularly seeks advice from his professor and mentor Janet. According to exchange theory, what kind of exchange is most likely motivating Janet to stay in this relationship?

A) a direct exchange
B) a reciprocal exchange
C) a generalized exchange
D) all of the above

Question 41

Service workers manage status inequalities by employing the following technique(s):

A) emphasize moral superiority
B) they control the pace of work thus controlling their patrons
C) by gaining respectful behavior from patrons
D) all of the above

Question 42

According to West and Zimmerman, the way in which we engage in conscious and unconscious gender behaviors is known as:

A) gender performance
B) doing gender
C) gender roles
D) gendering

Question 43

Read the following vignette and answer the subsequent questions to the best of your ability.
Doug's neighbor Jake approaches him and asks if he can borrow his lawn mower. Though he didn't know him all that well, he decides to loan him the mower anyway. Later on, finds himself loaning equipment to his neighbors' Janet and Lee too. The next day, he needed to borrow some other lawn equipment but his neighbors say that they are unable to loan him the equipment, without explanation, causing him to become a bit perturbed. However, he starts to feel much better at the community association meeting where they publicly honored him for his constant help in the neighborhood. The next order of business is choosing the new community association president.
What theory best explains why the subject who initially loans his lawnmower to his neighbor becomes so mad when he is not reciprocated for his kindness?

A) social exchange theory
B) status construction theory
C) symbolic interaction
D) social structure and personality

Question 44

Based on research and theory using status characteristics, which of the following individuals will likely receive the highest status in a task-oriented group, regardless of his/her contributions?

A) a White woman
B) a White man
C) a minority woman
D) a minority man

Question 45

An intersectional approach is essential to understanding the dynamics of stratification because it allows us to the look at the multitude of ways in which our statuses and positions affect our experience.

Question 46

According to status characteristics theory, skill at playing basketball would be considered

A) diffuse status characteristics.
B) specific status characteristics.
C) roles.
D) class positions.

Question 47

Most task groups form a hierarchy over time.

Question 48

According to research by Lucas and others, how can individuals with lower cultural status best gain status in groups?

A) Give that person legitimate authority to lead the group.
B) The person should focus on the success of the group, rather then her own interests.
C) The person should provide a "kick back" to others in a group to get their leadership position.
D) both a and b

Question 49

According to status characteristics theory, gender, race, and education levels are examples of

A) diffuse status characteristics.
B) specific status characteristics.
C) roles.
D) class positions.

Question 50

People are almost always aware of the status hierarchies that develop in task-oriented groups.

Question 51

Read the following vignette and answer the subsequent questions to the best of your ability.
Doug's neighbor Jake approaches him and asks if he can borrow his lawn mower. Though he didn't know him all that well, he decides to loan him the mower anyway. Later on, finds himself loaning equipment to his neighbors' Janet and Lee too. The next day, he needed to borrow some other lawn equipment but his neighbors say that they are unable to loan him the equipment, without explanation, causing him to become a bit perturbed. However, he starts to feel much better at the community association meeting where they publicly honored him for his constant help in the neighborhood. The next order of business is choosing the new community association president.
Which type of exchange or exchanges is/are occurring between neighbors in this story?

A) direct exchanges
B) indirect exchanges
C) incomplete exchanges
D) both a and b

Question 52

Which characteristics are associated with the most power in networks?

A) money
B) leadership ability
C) ability to exclude people
D) centrality

Question 53

Read the following vignette and answer the subsequent questions to the best of your ability.
Doug's neighbor Jake approaches him and asks if he can borrow his lawn mower. Though he didn't know him all that well, he decides to loan him the mower anyway. Later on, finds himself loaning equipment to his neighbors' Janet and Lee too. The next day, he needed to borrow some other lawn equipment but his neighbors say that they are unable to loan him the equipment, without explanation, causing him to become a bit perturbed. However, he starts to feel much better at the community association meeting where they publicly honored him for his constant help in the neighborhood. The next order of business is choosing the new community association president.
According to social exchange theory, which person is likely to made a leader in the neighborhood?

A) Doug
B) Jake
C) Janet
D) Lee