Deck 6: Consumer Behavior
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Deck 6: Consumer Behavior
1
Culture refers to the values,beliefs,preferences,and tastes that are handed down from one generation to the next.
True
2
Kurt Lewin's theory of human behavior defines behavior as a function of the interactions of personal influences and pressures exerted by external environmental forces.
True
3
According to Kurt Lewin's theory of human behavior,the personal factors affecting consumer behavior are one's attitudes,learning,and perception.
True
4
The basic core values of a culture are highly dynamic and flexible.
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5
The American population is becoming increasingly homogenous as the ethnic and racial minority groups are adopting the U.S.culture through acculturation.
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6
Dale and Lisa,ranchers from Wyoming,found that the meat of their large,slow-growing hogs were not selling in American grocery stores.However,the animals command premium prices in Japan where the meat is enjoyed for its flavor and fat content.The purchasing influence they are experiencing is a cultural influence.
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7
The increase in the Hispanic population is fueled by a sharp rise in births.
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8
Culture is the broadest interpersonal determinant of consumer behavior.
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9
It was not until the introduction of the Chevrolet Nova in Mexico that marketers realized "no va" in Spanish means "won't go." This linguistic error demonstrates how Chevrolet overlooked cultural differences in its product introduction.
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10
The baby boomer generation is most adept at learning and using rapidly changing communications technology.
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11
The core values of American culture include work ethic and the desire to accumulate wealth.
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12
Consumer behavior refers to the process through which ultimate buyers make their purchase decisions.
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13
Marketing strategies that prove successful in one country are invariably applied successfully in international markets as well.
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14
Subcultures are groups within a larger culture that have their own distinct modes of behavior.
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15
All Hispanics speak the single universal form of Spanish.
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16
The three largest and fastest-growing U.S.ethnic subcultures are Hispanic Americans,African Americans,and Asian Americans.
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17
Human behavior is solely a function of pressures exerted by external environmental forces on the individual.
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18
Understanding of differences among subcultures is essential for developing effective marketing strategies.
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19
The only inputs that affect a consumer's purchasing decisions are those provided by his or her psychological makeup.
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20
The Hispanic American population is not a single homogeneous group,but a composite of a number of culturally distinct groups.
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21
Group membership influences an individual's purchase decisions and behavior in both overt and subtle ways.
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22
The Asian American subculture consists of numerous ethnic groups,each of which brings its own language,religion,and values to the marketplace.
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23
The influence of reference groups is more significant in case of children,when compared to adults.
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24
African Americans are part of every economic group in the United States.
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25
Groups whose value structures and standards influence a person's behavior are known as reference groups.
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26
The buying behaviors exhibited by members of the different classes are homogeneous and exclusive.
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27
Social class has rankings determined by income,occupation,education,family background,and location of residence.
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28
Social class is determined by the sole criterion of income.
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29
If a middle manager buys a SAAB automobile because several top executives in the firm own SAABs,this demonstrates the influence of membership groups.
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30
A reference group's influence on the purchasing decision of a member is often greater when the product is more conspicuous and not commonly owned.
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31
Opinion leaders are the first consumers to try new products and then share their experience by word of mouth.
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32
African Americans possess buying power that nearly equals Hispanics in the United States.
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33
Opinion leaders rise to prominence because of their interest and expertise in certain products.
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34
The buying behavior of an individual in a group is not only affected by the norms of the group,but also by that individual's role and status within the group.
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35
While cultural and family influences significantly affect consumer behavior,the influence of reference groups on consumer behavior tends to be minimal,especially for children.
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36
Well-known luxury retailers offer unique or prestigious products at price ranges slightly lower than their premium brands to attract middle-class consumers aspiring to the upper-class.
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37
Individuals who aspire to become members of a certain group most often adopt its standards of behavior and values.
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38
Chris decides to proceed with a majority decision,even though the decision goes against his beliefs.Chris is exhibiting the Asch phenomenon in this scenario.
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39
Syncratic role is seen when partners independently make an equal number of purchase decisions.
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40
Groups do not intentionally create formal roles,nor do they ever have expectations that roles and statuses will develop within their membership.
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41
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,some people fixate on a need and fail to move beyond it.
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42
The cognitive component of attitude essentially deals with feelings or emotional reactions.
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43
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,the desire to accomplish,achieve,and command respect is a safety need.
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44
Brand loyalty is valued by marketers as it not only ensures that the consumer purchases the product but it also acts as a buffer against competitive messages getting to the consumer.
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45
Attitudes of a person toward some object or idea are highly resistant to change.
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46
Closure refers to a person's tendency to be influenced by messages that close the gap between a product's real and perceived advantages.
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47
Subliminal advertising has proven to be successful in inducing the desired purchasing behavior in numerous experiments.
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48
Advertisements that utilize closure have a good chance of catching the attention of consumers as they try to complete the advertising message with a limited amount of stimuli.
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49
Aston decides to buy all electronic goods from a particular retailer because of his satisfactory past experiences with the retailer.Aston is exhibiting the affective component of attitude.
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50
Households with two wage earners are more likely than others to make joint purchasing decisions.
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51
Critics of Maslow pointed out that depending on the personal value system of an individual,he/she might skip the level of esteem needs and move directly toward self-actualization.
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52
Consumers with strong loyalties to certain products are more difficult to reach with competitive advertising.
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53
A person's perception of a product results solely from its physical characteristics such as size,color,shape,and weight.
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54
Maslow's hierarchy of needs begins with self-actualization needs and progresses to physiological needs at the highest level.
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55
Perception is the meaning a person attributes to incoming stimuli gathered through the senses of hearing,taste,smell,touch,and sight.
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56
Jacqueline plans to purchase a 40-inch flat-screen television.After reading Consumer Reports,comparing technologies and prices on the Internet,and talking with friends and family who have made similar purchases,Jacqueline makes her selection.The component of attitude that is most apparent in this situation is the cognitive component.
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57
Motives are inner states that direct a person toward the goal of satisfying a need.
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58
Marketers are finding new product opportunities with two-income families demanding goods and services that fill the need for convenience,health,safety,and time constraints.
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59
A life insurance salesperson explaining the benefits of a policy to both husband and wife in a two-income family is perceiving the adoption of the policy to be a syncratic purchase decision.
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60
A need is an imbalance between the consumer's actual and desired states.
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61
Repurchasing the same brand of detergent during each trip to the grocery store is an example of limited problem-solving behavior by a consumer.
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62
Kurt Lewin's theory of consumer behavior asserts that consumer behavior is a function of personal factors and their interaction with:
A) perceptual forces.
B) learning.
C) innate attitudes.
D) interpersonal influences.
A) perceptual forces.
B) learning.
C) innate attitudes.
D) interpersonal influences.
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63
If 'B' represents consumer behavior,'I' represents interpersonal influences,'P' represents personal influences,and 'E' represents pressures exerted by outside environmental forces,Kurt Lewin's statement,rewritten to apply to consumer behavior,states that:
A) B = f (I,P).
B) P = f (B,P).
C) B = (I,E).
D) P = (I,E).
A) B = f (I,P).
B) P = f (B,P).
C) B = (I,E).
D) P = (I,E).
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64
The situation in which a consumer makes a purchase by rapidly choosing a preferred brand is referred to as limited problem solving.
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65
Purchasing music from the Apple iTunes website is considered a high-involvement purchase decision because music is a unique personal choice.
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66
The understanding of the consumer decision process can be used by marketers to change consumers' attitudes about their products.
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67
Marketers can attempt to change consumer attitudes by engaging them in new buying behavior.
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68
An evoked set is limited in case of an immediate need.
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69
The consumer decision process does not apply to low-involvement purchases.
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70
The self-image is the image to which an individual aspires and hence,it serves as a personal set of objectives.
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71
Consumers are most likely to exhibit routinized response behavior while purchasing low-involvement products.
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72
Over the past decade,the market for fresh spinach has increased dramatically.However,an outbreak of E.coli bacteria from certain spinach fields reduced spinach sales temporarily.The behavioral component of attitude was most likely affected by this event.
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73
The number of brands included in the evoked set may vary according to the situation and the person.
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74
A frequent-flyer program usually announced by airlines is a form of purchasing reinforcement.
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75
Cognitive dissonance is likely to increase when the purchase decision has a major effect on the buyer.
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76
A restaurant-owner who places signs along the interstate highway to advertise his service knows that the signs will act as a cue for hunger causing consumers to stop at the restaurant.
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77
The degree of external search increases as purchasing behavior moves from routine to limited to extended problem solving.
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78
Considerable external search for alternatives is typical when consumers are involved in extended problem solving.
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79
After purchasing a new oven and a cooking range,Martha was contacted by the store where she purchased the products.The salesperson inquired about the delivery,installation,and her overall satisfaction with the purchase.Such strategies employed by marketers help in reducing cognitive dissonance.
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80
When making purchasing decisions,consumers will most likely choose products that move them closer to their real self-images.
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