Deck 2: Descriptive Statistics and Data Analysis

Question 1

________ refers to a collection of quantitative measures and ways of describing data.

A)Statistical inference
B)Descriptive statistics
C)Frequency distribution
D)Categorical data

Answer 1

Descriptive statistics

Question 2

The ________ is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations.

A)arithmetic mean
B)median
C)mode
D)midrange

Answer 2

arithmetic mean

Question 3

________ is the quartile representing the 50^th percentile.

A)Q₁
B)Q₂
C)Q₃
D)Q₄

Answer 3

Q₂

Question 4

The proportion of the total sample that falls at or below the upper limit value is represented by ________.

A)dispersion
B)cumulative relative frequency
C)median
D)standard deviation

Question 5

The formula to calculate k^th percentile is given by ________.

A)100/Nk + 0.05
B)100/Nk - 0.05
C)Nk/100 + 0.05
D)Nk/100 - 0.05

Question 6

All of the following are examples of measures of dispersion except ________.

A)range
B)variance
C)standard deviation
D)mode

Question 7

________ is the quartile representing the 75^th percentile.

A)Q₁
B)Q₂
C)Q₃
D)Q₄

Question 8

In Microsoft Excel 2010,the function that computes the standard deviation of a set of data,assumed to be a population,is ________.

A)STDEV.S(data range)
B)STAND.SNGL(data range)
C)STDEV.P(data range)
D)STAND.MULT(data range)

Question 9

All of the following are examples of measures of central tendency except ________.

A)mean
B)median
C)standard deviation
D)mode

Question 10

________ is the quartile representing the 25^th percentile.

A)Q₁
B)Q₂
C)Q₃
D)Q₄

Question 11

________ is the quartile representing the 100^th percentile.

A)Q₁
B)Q₂
C)Q₃
D)Q₄

Question 12

One-fourth of the data falls below the ________ quartile.

A)fourth
B)second
C)first
D)third

Question 13

The sum of relative frequencies will always equal ________.

A)100
B)1.0
C)10
D)0.01

Question 14

A graphical depiction of a frequency distribution for numerical data in the form of a column chart is called a ________.

A)scatter plot
B)box-and-whisker plot
C)pie chart
D)histogram

Question 15

In Microsoft Excel 2010,the function that computes the standard deviation of a set of data,assumed to be a sample,is ________.

A)STDEV.P(data range)
B)MODE.SNGL(data range)
C)STAND.MULT(data range)
D)STDEV.S(data range)

Question 16

In Microsoft Excel 2010,the function that computes the single most frequently occurring value in a set of data is ________.

A)MEDIAN(data range)
B)MODE.SNGL(data range)
C)STDEV.P(data range)
D)SKEW(data range)

Question 17

The ________ is a value at or below which at least k percent of the observations lie.

A)k^th percentile
B)k^th ratio
C)k^th quartile
D)k^th mean

Question 18

A table that shows the number of observations in each of several nonoverlapping groups is called a ________.

A)frequency distribution
B)scatter plot
C)histogram
D)chart

Question 19

Three-fourths of the data fall below the ________ quartile.

A)fourth
B)second
C)first
D)third

Question 20

Using Microsoft Excel 2010,the function that computes the most frequently occurring values of a set of data is ________.

A)MODE.SNGL(data range)
B)MEDIAN(data range)
C)STDEV.P(data range)
D)MODE.MULT(data range)

Question 21

The ________ is the observation that occurs the most frequently in the data set.

A)arithmetic mean
B)median
C)mode
D)midrange

Question 22

The sample mean is represented by ________.

A)
B)α
C)μ
D)η

Question 23

The standard deviation for a sample is denoted as ________.

A)μ
B)Ω
C)s
D)σ

Question 24

The degree of variation in or the numerical spread of the data is known as ________.

A)quartile
B)median
C)dispersion
D)mean

Question 25

Using Chebyshev's theorem,k = 3 means that ________.

A)at least two-thirds of the data lie within three standard deviations of the mean
B)at least 89% of the data lie within three standard deviations of the mean
C)less than 29% of the data lie within three standard deviations of the mean
D)at least three-fourths of the data lie within two standard deviations of the mean

Question 26

Using Chebyshev's theorem,k = 2 would mean that ________.

A)at least two-thirds of the data lie within two standard deviations of the mean
B)at least 89% of the data lie within two standard deviations of the mean
C)less than three-fourths of the data lie within three standard deviations of the mean
D)at least three-fourths of the data lie within two standard deviations of the mean

Question 27

Which of the following provides an estimate that represents "centering" of the entire set of data?

A)range
B)variance
C)midrange
D)standard deviation

Question 28

Which of the following state(s)that for any set of data,the proportion of values that lie within k standard deviations (k>1)of the mean is at least 1 - 1/k²?

A)empirical rules
B)interquartile range
C)Chebyshev's theorem
D)standard deviation

Question 29

The ________ is the average of the largest and smallest values in the data set.

A)arithmetic mean
B)median
C)mode
D)midrange

Question 30

An observation that is radically different from the rest is called ________.

A)the median
B)the mean
C)an outlier
D)the mode

Question 31

The standard deviation for the population is denoted as ________.

A)μ
B)Ω
C)s
D)σ

Question 32

Which of the following can be used to represent dispersion in a data set?

A)proportion
B)range
C)mode
D)median

Question 33

Computing the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value gives the ________ of the data set.

A)variance
B)standard deviation
C)range
D)median

Question 34

The range of the middle 50% of the data is called the ________.

A)midrange
B)interquartile range
C)variance
D)mode

Question 35

The population variance is denoted as ________.

A)s²
B)v²
C)σ²
D)α²

Question 36

The ________ is the middle value when the data are arranged from smallest to largest.

A)mode
B)median
C)midrange
D)arithmetic mean

Question 37

The population mean is represented by ________.

A)α
B)μ
C)λ
D)π

Question 38

The midrange for a data set containing all the values between 50 and 67 is ________.

A)67
B)58.5
C)50
D)-17

Question 39

The square root of the variance is called the ________.

A)mean
B)standard deviation
C)median
D)interquartile range

Question 40

The sample variance is denoted as ________.

A)s²
B)v²
C)σ²
D)α²

Question 41

A histogram with only one peak ________.

A)does not have a mode value
B)is unimodal
C)is bimodal
D)has a high degree of kurtosis

Question 42

Which of the following is included in the empirical rules?

A)Approximately 59% of the observations will fall within two standard deviations of the mean,or within x ± 2s.
B)Approximately 68% of the observations will fall within one standard deviation of the mean,or between x - s and x + s.
C)Approximately 89% of the observations will fall within three standard deviations of the mean,or within x ± 3s.
D)Approximately 28% of the observations will fall within three standard deviations of the mean,or within x ± 3s.

Question 43

According to the empirical rules,approximately 95% of the observations will fall within ________.

A)one standard deviation of the mean
B)two standard deviations of the mean
C)three standard deviations of the mean
D)four standard deviations of the mean

Question 44

A distribution that is relatively flat with a wide degree of dispersion has a coefficient of kurtosis that is ________.

A)more than 3
B)less than 3
C)less than 6
D)more than 6

Question 45

A distribution that is relatively peaked with a low degree of dispersion has a coefficient of kurtosis that is ________.

A)equal to 0
B)less than 0
C)more than 3
D)equal to 3

Question 46

A histogram with exactly two peaks ________.

A)is unimodal
B)has a low degree of kurtosis
C)has the same values for mean and mode
D)is bimodal

Question 47

The coefficient of variation (CV)is calculated as ________.

A)mode/standard deviation
B)standard deviation/mean
C)standard deviation/variance
D)range/standard deviation

Question 48

Which of the following coefficients of skewness values has the lowest degree of skewness?

A)1
B)1.1
C)0.5
D)0.05

Question 49

________ is a measure of a linear relationship between two variables.

A)Variance
B)Proportion
C)Correlation
D)Kurtosis

Question 50

The degree of asymmetry of observations around the mean is measured by the ________.

A)coefficient of correlation
B)coefficient of symmetry
C)coefficient of skewness
D)coefficient of deviation

Question 51

A coefficient of skewness that indicates relative symmetry would lie between ________.

A)0.5 and -0.5
B)5 and -5
C)1 and -1
D)0.95 and 1

Question 52

A coefficient of skewness that indicates moderate skewness would lie between ________.

A)1 and 2
B)0.5 and 1
C)0 and 1
D)0.5 and -0.5

Question 53

When a histogram is positively skewed,it ________.

A)tails off to the right
B)is symmetrical
C)tails off to the left
D)has a slope greater than one

Question 54

The degree of flatness or peakedness of a population is measured by the ________.

A)coefficient of kurtosis
B)coefficient of skewness
C)coefficient of variation
D)coefficient of deviation

Question 55

If the distribution of observations were perfectly symmetrical and unimodal,________.

A)the mean would be greater than the mode
B)the mean,median,and mode would be the same
C)the mode would be lesser than the median
D)the median would be greater than the mean

Question 56

When more of the mass of the data is concentrated on one side and the distribution of values tails off to the other side,the histogram is said to be ________.

A)symmetric
B)skewed
C)curved
D)positively sloped

Question 57

Given that the standard deviation is equal to 0.568,the median equals 5,and the mean value is 3.5,what is the value of the coefficient of variation?

A)0.1136
B)0.162
C)6.16
D)0.7

Question 58

According to the empirical rules,approximately 99.7% of the observations will fall within ________.

A)one standard deviation of the mean
B)two standard deviations of the mean
C)three standard deviations of the mean
D)four standard deviations of the mean

Question 59

When a histogram is negatively skewed,it ________.

A)is symmetrical
B)tails off to the left
C)has a slope lesser than one
D)tails off to the right

Question 60

The ________ is used to compare the variability of two or more data sets with different scales.

A)coefficient of variation
B)variance
C)median
D)coefficient of skewness

Question 61

Pivot tables can be used to create ________.

A)dot-scale diagrams.
B)box-and-whisker plots.
C)cross-tabulations for categorical data.
D)scatter plots.

Question 62

The cumulative relative frequency represents the proportion of the total sample that falls at or below the upper limit value.

Question 63

Which of the following is true of outliers in a data set?

A)All outliers should be eliminated in order to portray accurate information.
B)Outliers that are within 1 standard deviation of the mean must be eliminated.
C)The mean and range are sensitive to outliers in the data.
D)Outliers do not make any difference in the results obtained from statistical analyses.

Question 64

The formal statistical measure for categorical data is called the ________.

A)sample mean
B)sample median
C)sample mode
D)sample proportion

Question 65

In a box plot,the outer boundaries of the box represent the ________.

A)interquartile range
B)median and mode
C)minimum and maximum
D)outlier values

Question 66

What does a negative correlation coefficient indicate?

A)When one variable increases,the other variable decreases.
B)There is a nonlinear relationship between the two variables.
C)When one variable increases,the other variable increases by a smaller proportion.
D)A change in one variable does not lead to a change in the other variable.

Question 67

The sum of relative frequencies must equal 100.

Question 68

A ________ displays the minimum,first quartile,median,third quartile,and maximum of a data set.

A)scatter plot
B)contingency table
C)box plot
D)stacked column chart

Question 69

Outliers defined as being more than 3*IQR away from Q₁ and Q₃ are considered ________.

A)mild
B)extreme
C)weak
D)irrelevant

Question 70

The subcategories of the variables in a contingency table must ________.

A)be mutually exclusive
B)sum up to a total of 1
C)be arranged in ascending order
D)lie between 0 and 1

Question 71

In a box plot,the line inside the box represents the ________.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)range

Question 72

Frequency distributions can only be constructed for numerical data.

Question 73

What does a positive correlation coefficient indicate?

A)When one variable increases,the other variable decreases.
B)When one variable increases,the other variable also increases.
C)When one variable decreases,the other variable remains constant.
D)Both the variables are not linearly related.

Question 74

Point estimates that accurately represent population parameters are called outliers.

Question 75

Sample proportion is usually denoted as ________.

A)sp
B)p
C)p²
D)s

Question 76

The standard deviation is the square root of the variance.

Question 77

Outliers defined as being between 1.5*IQR and 3*IQR to the left of Q₁ or to the right of Q₃ are considered ________.

A)weak
B)extreme
C)mild
D)statistically significant

Question 78

In a box-and-whisker plot,the whiskers represent the ________.

A)Q₁ and Q₃
B)minimum and maximum values
C)median and mode
D)cumulative frequencies

Question 79

The correlation coefficient for two variables that are not linearly related will be equal to ________.

A)1
B)2
C)0
D)3

Question 80

The correlation coefficient is a number between ________.

A)0 and +1
B)-1 and 0
C)-1 and +1
D)-2 and +2