Deck 3: Gendered Identities and Families

Question 1

Individuals who change their physical anatomy through sex-reassignment surgery are

A) intersexuals.
B) transvestites.
C) transsexuals.
D) homosexuals.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Images of men as instrumental and women as expressive are based on

A) Freud's theories of masculinities.
B) research on the U.S. population.
C) pre-war accounts of expectations.
D) white, middle-class heterosexuals.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the text, a woman lives with a(n) or a divided awareness that caregiving is most important to her, but it is not highly valued in society.

A) intersexual reality
B) demarcated identity
C) modern dilemma
D) bifurcated consciousness

Answer 3

D

Question 4

"Chromosomes, hormones, the internal sex structures, the gonads and the external genitalia all vary more than most people realize." This statement complements a discussion of which of the following?

A) transsexuality
B) intersexuality
C) transgenderism
D) homosexuality

Question 5

refers to male or female anatomy and physiology.

A) Gender
B) Gender role
C) Gender identity
D) Sex

Question 6

Men are expected to have character traits like strength, self-confidence, assertiveness, and ambition.

A) expressive
B) modern
C) agentic
D) progressive

Question 7

Warmth, sensitivity, tenderness, and placing concern about others' welfare above self-interest can be classified as __________ character traits.

A) aggressive
B) instrumental
C) expressive
D) agentic

Question 8

Confidence, assertiveness, and ambition can be classified as character traits.

A) instrumental
B) expressive
C) communal
D) sensitive

Question 9

A highly masculine male who paints his fingernails pink is BEST described as an example of

A) homosexuality.
B) gender bending.
C) gender role privilege.
D) intersexuality.

Question 10

A relative absence of assertiveness and ambition characterizes our expectations of women, who are thought to embody character traits.

A) aggressive
B) agentic
C) instrumental
D) expressive

Question 11

Transgender and individuals challenge the existing classifications of gender.

A) intersex
B) unisexed
C) bigendered
D) femasculine

Question 12

Dorothy perceives herself as being ultra-feminine, based on society's definitions of appropriate gender roles. Dorothy's perceptions are linked to her

A) sexuality.
B) gender identity.
C) sexual status.
D) agentic character traits.

Question 13

The within-group variations among men or women are usually the between-group variations of men and women.

A) less than
B) equal to
C) greater than
D) not comparable to

Question 14

Michael is a stay-at-home father and feels pressure from society to watch football on TV, enjoy action movies, play basketball on the weekends, and bring home a bigger paycheck than his corporate executive wife. What is this societal pressure called?

A) gender expectations
B) gender identity
C) innate biology
D) genderism

Question 15

Suppose a researcher is observing the differences between men and women. This illustrates variation.

A) within-group
B) negligible
C) between-group
D) agentic

Question 16

Persons who change gender identity are referred to as

A) intersexual.
B) transgender.
C) homosexual.
D) transvestite.

Question 17

Which term is used by the text to describe societal attitudes and behaviors associated with an individual's anatomical sex assigned at birth?

A) biological sex
B) gender expectations
C) sexism
D) gender identity

Question 18

Which is the correct term for a person who has been born with ambiguous genital anatomy?

A) intersexual
B) bisexual
C) homosexual
D) transsexual

Question 19

The text observes that there are three major culturally defined obligations in masculinity. Which of the following is NOT one of those obligations?

A) portraying emotional openness
B) group leadership
C) protecting group territory
D) providing resources

Question 20

Since the 9/11 attacks, the so-called "can-do" man tackles traumatic events head-on

A) while maintaining a high level of financial success.
B) and expresses no feelings about them.
C) but also feels free to express emotion.
D) stoically and manfully.

Question 21

The message is the image of a woman who attained career success and supports her family.

A) professional
B) superwoman
C) ideal
D) traditional

Question 22

According to the text, more and more women are entering nontraditional occupations such as

A) the military.
B) teaching.
C) homemaking.
D) nursing.

Question 23

Among immigrants, males may lose some masculine because of the changing gender roles upon entering the U.S.

A) consistency
B) privilege
C) participation
D) bifurcation

Question 24

Research finds that black couples prefer more role and power sharing than whites.

A) flexibility
B) independence
C) determinism
D) rigidity

Question 25

Actual practice among conservative Christian couples appears .

A) to maintain traditional unequal roles
B) to look like the rest of the population
C) more egalitarian than formal doctrine would suggest
D) strictly conservative across the U.S.

Question 26

According to the text, women full-time employees earn percent of what employed men do.

A) 63
B) 79
C) 94
D) 99

Question 27

Traditionally, the ideal woman has several stereotypical traits. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) physically attractive
B) not too competitive
C) a good listener
D) career ambition

Question 28

Today, women compose percent of Congress.

A) 7
B) 20
C) 40
D) 55

Question 29

In biology-based arguments of gender, a predisposition .

A) can be influenced by the social structure
B) predicts gendered behavior
C) is always deterministic
D) creates a temperament of gender

Question 30

sees individuals as enacting culturally fashioned scripts and socially prescribed roles in front of others.

A) Intersectionality
B) Evolutionary theory
C) Dramaturgy
D) The biological perspective

Question 31

When researchers examine gender in relation to its linkage to race/ethnicity and class, they are stressing

A) agenticism.
B) intersectionality.
C) instrumentality.
D) the patriarchy.

Question 32

On the societal level, is the assignment to men of greater control and influence over society's institutions.

A) androgyny
B) masculine dominance
C) misogyny
D) egalitarianism

Question 33

The increasing independence of Asian women in the U.S. has been attributed to .

A) civil rights
B) egalitarian attitudes
C) autocracy
D) discrimination

Question 34

Evolutionary perspectives stress that stratification and the division of labor in society shape gender roles. In this view, it is that produce the gendered behavior we see.

A) androgynous roles
B) adaptive strategies and skills
C) patriarchy
D) zoology

Question 35

A feminine expectation that has emerged over the past thirty years is that of the " woman," who is independent, ambitious, and self-confident.

A) bureaucratic
B) ideal
C) professional
D) powerful but lonely

Question 36

The importance of the male provider role is a powerful theme in .

A) African American communities
B) Latino homes
C) all race/ethnic groups
D) white cultural expectations

Question 37

Latino men are stereotyped as extremely patriarchal, following a cultural ideal of

A) agenticism.
B) machismo.
C) internalization.
D) instrumentality.

Question 38

Statistics on women in politics highlight that women - who make up over 50 percent of the U.S. population - are in high government positions.

A) extremely overpaid
B) slightly underrepresented
C) significantly underrepresented
D) equal in number to men

Question 39

Native American women's political power with European invasion.

A) increased
B) did not change
C) declined
D) diversified

Question 40

An alternate for men emphasizes adventure, sometimes coupled with violence and/or the need to outwit, humiliate, and defeat other men in barroom brawls, contact sports, and war.

A) cultural message
B) expressiveness role
C) feminine script
D) occupation

Question 41

The text points out that school-age boys have a greater incidence of all but which of the following problems?

A) emotional disorders
B) learning and attention-deficit disorders
C) teen deaths
D) stress-related illnesses

Question 42

Cross-culturally and historically, it appears that societies have been characterized by some degree of masculine dominance.

A) virtually all
B) most
C) some
D) only a few

Question 43

After various factors associated with earnings are taken into account, research has found as much as a differential in earnings that is usually attributed to discrimination.

A) 7 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 35 percent

Question 44

Overall, gender schema theorists see gender schema as traditional stereotypes.

A) contradicting
B) actively opposing
C) mediating
D) maintaining

Question 45

in language and media convey gendered expectations.

A) Egalitarian norms
B) Cultural images
C) Technology role playing
D) Reporting

Question 46

According to the perspective, children develop self-concepts based on feedback from those around them.

A) gender schema
B) self-identification
C) interaction-constructionist
D) biosocial

Question 47

Some psychologists think that what comes first is not rules about what boys and girls should do, but rather the child's awareness of being a boy or a girl. This thinking reflects which theory of socialization?

A) symbolic interactionism
B) gender schema
C) self-identification
D) social learning

Question 48

The text observes that children imitate models for behavior and are rewarded by parents and others for whatever is perceived as sex-appropriate behavior. This reflects which theory of socialization?

A) social learning
B) self-identification
C) gender schema
D) symbolic interactionism

Question 49

While family members increasingly encourage girls to develop instrumental skills,

A) boys are increasingly encouraged to be expressive.
B) they still expect higher levels of tenderness.
C) they are directed to expressive occupational fields.
D) boys are still discouraged from cultivating tenderness.

Question 50

Parents, teachers, and pediatricians wrestle with issues of and how much children should be able to define themselves if they are like the "other" gender.

A) gender conflict
B) gender bending
C) gender socialization
D) gender variance

Question 51

Journalist Peggy Orenstein observed students in two California middle schools and found that

A) girls were subtly encouraged to be boisterous and even aggressive.
B) boys were rewarded for quiet, nonassertive behaviors.
C) Latinas, along with Asian American girls, had little difficulty being heard or even noticed.
D) the participation and even antics of white boys in the classroom were considered inevitable and rewarded.

Question 52

The text lists three proposals to help boys to adjust better to our educational system. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) having less recesses
B) accepting a certain level of boys' rowdy play as not deviant
C) implementing more active learning-by-doing
D) encouraging activities shared by boys and girls and boy-girl dialogues about gender

Question 53

The of men's and women's roles reflects a dramatic change since the gender roles of 1950s and before.

A) convergence
B) equalization
C) differentiation
D) institutionalization

Question 54

A practice among schoolmates involves , in which many cross-sexual interaction rituals are based on and reaffirm boundaries and differences between girls and boys.

A) gender schemes
B) cultures of childhood
C) borderwork
D) gender pathways

Question 55

The text points out that some music videos broadcast shockingly violent misogynist messages, meaning that these presentations communicate which sentiment toward women?

A) fatalism
B) cynicism
C) hatred
D) pessimism

Question 56

Although women outnumber men in college today,

A) more men are entering in nontraditional fields.
B) gender differentiation in choice of majors still exists.
C) bifurcated exploration of majors is common.
D) institutional discrimination against women remains widespread.

Question 57

Since the 1970s, American parents have reported treating their sons and daughters

A) similarly.
B) somewhat differently.
C) very differently.
D) just as parents treated their children during the 1950s.

Question 58

Some analysts concerned about boys behavior in school note that

A) when prompted they act as girls do and are accepted in the school.
B) there is a mismatch between their high levels of physical activity and school expectations.
C) they face greater discrimination for their behavior.
D) students of both sexes learn better with increased discipline.

Question 59

The process by which society influences members to internalize attitudes and expectations is called

A) socialization.
B) psychological acquisition.
C) role playing.
D) status conferral.

Question 60

Women men in the proportion of the population who are college graduates.

A) trail
B) are equal
C) surpass
D) lag behind

Question 61

Which of the following appears to be attributable to following traditional gender expectations?

A) Men have higher rates of poverty than women.
B) The male death rate is higher than that for females.
C) Men more often adjust their careers to accommodate family life.
D) Feminine gender identity expectations are overwhelmingly positive for women.

Question 62

Stereotypically masculine people are often thought to have communal character traits.

Question 63

Traditional gender roles cause both men and women

A) to discover opportunities not otherwise explored.
B) to share equally in household labor.
C) to be dependent on their spouses.
D) to suffer in some way.

Question 64

The National Organization of Women (NOW) was founded in 1966, and a similar Latina organization was established in 1974. What is the name of this grassroots community?

A) MANA (Mexican American Women's National Association)
B) LOW (Latina Organization of Women)
C) NOWS (National Organization of Women of Spanish descent)
D) US (United Spaniards)

Question 65

Chicano/Chicana (Mexican American) activism gave a central place as a distinctive cultural value.

A) machismo
B) la familia
C) individualism
D) homogeneity

Question 66

Somewhere between 1 and 4 percent of live births are intersexual.

Question 67

Consider the statement: "Due to social pressures, firms frequently have to hire underqualified women." This illustrates sexism.

A) traditional
B) old-fashioned
C) androgynous
D) contemporary

Question 68

In Kimmel's typology of camps within the men's movement, which group works to counter feminist interests by attending to men's rights?

A) profeminists
B) masculinists
C) feminists
D) antifeminists

Question 69

In Kimmel's typology of camps within the men's movement, which group supports feminists in their opposition to patriarchy?

A) antifeminists
B) profeminists
C) masculinists
D) feminists

Question 70

Black men and women generally reject egalitarian relationships.

Question 71

Differences among women or among men (within-group variation) are usually greater than the differences between men and women (between-group variation).

Question 72

Researchers in the 1970s tended to see men and women as homogeneous categories.

Question 73

African American and Latino women consider racial/ethnic as well as gender discrimination in setting their priorities. In fact, their feminist views are characterized by , or structural connections among race, class, and gender.

A) mixed thinking
B) ethnocentrism
C) intersectionality
D) patchworking

Question 74

The term transgendered implies that the individual is either homosexual or bisexual.

Question 75

Gender refers only to male or female anatomy and physiology.

Question 76

In Kimmel's typology of camps within the men's movement, which group emerged in the 1990s and tends not to focus on patriarchy as problematic?

A) masculinists
B) feminists
C) antifeminists
D) profeminists

Question 77

Research indicates that racial/ethnic differences in role expectations and behaviors, particularly for males, are actually not as strong as either stereotypes or sociohistorical perspectives have suggested.

Question 78

There are a variety of ways of being a woman, according to cultural messages.

Question 79

Contemporary sexism denies that gender discrimination persists and includes the belief that women

A) suffer from sexual harassment in the workplace.
B) are asking for too much.
C) earn less than men.
D) have less upward mobility in the workplace.

Question 80

Males in foraging societies are more dominant than males in agricultural or industrial societies.