Deck 15: Religion

Question 1

A table,an incense stick,and candelabra can all be considered

A)profane items.
B)sacred items.
C)neither sacred nor profane items.
D)both sacred and profane items.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Giving meaning to the divine and defining the spiritual world are among religion's

A)latent functions.
B)manifest functions.
C)manifest dysfunctions.
D)latent dysfunctions.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What term did Max Weber use to refer to a disciplined work ethic,this-worldly concerns,and a rational orientation to life emphasized by John Calvin and his followers?

A)the sanctuary movement
B)the Protestant ethic
C)predestination
D)liberation theology

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Liberation theology was first advocated by

A)Karl Marx.
B)Friedrich Engels.
C)Émile Durkheim.
D)Gustavo Gutiérrez.

Question 5

The U.S.government maintains a policy of "separation of church and state." The relationship between the church and the government in the U.S.illustrates

A)creationism.
B)fundamentalism.
C)secularization.
D)the Protestant ethic.

Question 6

Secularization is the

A)process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes.
B)process through which religion's influence on other social institutions increases.
C)ordinary and commonplace element of life,as distinguished from the sacred.
D)element beyond everyday life that inspires awe,respect,and even fear.

Question 7

Which of the following would be an example of liberation theology?

A)a Catholic church in South America that leads a movement to earn equal rights for poor women
B)the role of Martin Luther King Jr.and other religious leaders in the civil rights movement in the U.S.in the 1960s
C)the leadership of Pope John Paul II among Catholic clergy adhering to traditional pastoral duties
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 8

The ordinary and commonplace events of life are classified as

A)sacred.
B)profane.
C)cult-like.
D)ritualistic.

Question 9

According to Émile Durkheim,religion is

A)a unified system of beliefs and practices related to profane things.
B)the feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality,such as a divine being.
C)a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to worldly things.
D)a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things.

Question 10

Liberation theology refers to

A)the use of a church,primarily the Roman Catholic Church,in a political effort to eliminate poverty,discrimination,and other forms of injustice.
B)the use of a church,primarily the Muslim temple,in a political effort to eliminate poverty,discrimination,and other forms of injustice.
C)people who support a literal interpretation of the book of Genesis.
D)a religious organization that claims to include most of the members of a society.

Question 11

Max Weber

A)examined the connection between religious allegiance and capitalist development.
B)called religion the "opiate of the masses."
C)examined the influence of religion on suicide.
D)studied cult behavior in Germany.

Question 12

Many cultures have shamans,or spiritual guides,who assist individuals on spiritual journeys to the "underworld" or some other non-earthly realm.These shamanic journeys would likely be considered part of

A)the sacred.
B)the profane.
C)creationism.
D)both the sacred and creationism.

Question 13

Religious loyalties that contribute to tension and even conflict between groups or nations can be considered

A)manifest functions of religion.
B)latent functions of religion.
C)dysfunctions of religion.
D)interactionist approaches to religion.

Question 14

Which sociologist was perhaps the first to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Karl Marx
D)Robert Merton

Question 15

Which sociologist published a book in 1904 in which he noted that it was no mere coincidence that an overwhelming number of business leaders,owners of capital,and skilled workers were Protestants,not Catholics?

A)Karl Marx
B)Max Weber
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Friedrich Engels

Question 16

Which of the following statements about liberation theology is correct?

A)It dates back to the 1973 publication of the English translation of A Theology of Liberation.
B)It has made significant inroads into eliminating social injustice in central Africa.
C)It is actively and fully endorsed by the Pope and other church leaders.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 17

Churches that serve as training grounds for community leaders and allow members to refine their organizational skills are performing a

A)latent function.
B)manifest function.
C)manifest dysfunction.
D)latent dysfunction.

Question 18

Emphasis on a disciplined work ethic,this-worldly concerns,and a rational orientation to life is known as

A)the opiate of the masses.
B)liberation theology.
C)the Protestant ethic.
D)the Catholic ethic.

Question 19

The concept of the sacred encompasses

A)the ordinary and commonplace elements of life.
B)the practices required or expected of members of a faith.
C)elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe,respect,or fear.
D)a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to profane things.

Question 20

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of religion in human society?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 21

Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior,it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 22

Judaism is like Christianity and Islam in which of the following ways?

A)They all use the same religious text.
B)They are all monotheistic.
C)They are all polytheistic.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 23

In which way does Hinduism differ from other religions?

A)It embraces a number of major and minor gods.
B)It emphasizes enlightenment through meditation.
C)It is preserved mostly through a single written text.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 24

Members of a particular religious group think that God meant for people "to be fruitful and multiply," so they permit men to have several wives at one time.This is an example of a religious

A)belief.
B)experience.
C)value.
D)ritual.

Question 25

Which is the important text for followers of Islam?

A)Bible
B)Torah
C)Koran
D)Triptaka

Question 26

What percentage of the world's population is nonreligious?

A)85 percent
B)60 percent
C)35 percent
D)10 percent

Question 27

Which of the following is true regarding Judaism?

A)For Jews,God's true nature is revealed in the Torah.
B)Judaism has a relatively large world following.
C)It does not have much in common with Christianity or Islam.
D)For Jews,paradise on earth is not possible.

Question 28

Which sociologist noted that religions often drug the masses into submission by offering a consolation for their harsh lives on earth and the hope of salvation in an ideal afterlife?

A)Talcott Parsons
B)Max Weber
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Karl Marx

Question 29

Most religions are patriarchal in their traditions and nature.Which of the following is NOT?

A)Islam
B)Episcopalian
C)Christian Science
D)Catholicism

Question 30

Which is the single largest faith in the world?

A)Islam
B)Hinduism
C)Christianity
D)Judaism

Question 31

Practices required or expected of members of a faith are known as

A)religious beliefs.
B)religious experiences.
C)religious rituals.
D)religious norms.

Question 32

On the Jewish holiday of Passover,Jews are expected to eat matzo,or unleavened bread,during their Seder,or holiday dinner,rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year.Eating the matzo and having a Seder are examples of religious

A)experiences.
B)rituals.
C)values.
D)beliefs.

Question 33

Which of the following attributes is true regarding Buddhism?

A)It is identical to Hinduism.
B)It emerged in India.
C)It strives for material pleasures while on earth.
D)It developed in the 1800s.

Question 34

The stained glass ceiling refers to the

A)ability of women to fill leadership positions within religious institutions.
B)difficulty women face obtaining leadership positions within religious institutions.
C)difficulty women have in practicing their beliefs within the U.S.religious system.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 35

Facing east toward Mecca while saying one's morning prayers is a characteristic of the Muslim religion.This behavior is an example of a religious

A)ritual.
B)experience.
C)belief.
D)totem.

Question 36

In which of the following ways are Christianity and Islam similar?

A)Both are polytheistic.
B)Both include a belief in prophets and an afterlife.
C)Both consider God's true nature to be revealed through the Torah.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 37

Public opinion polls taken across 114 nations showed over 95 percent of people in the poorest countries said religion was an important part of their daily lives.What was the percentage for people living in countries with the highest per capita income?

A)75 percent
B)62 percent
C)47 percent
D)25 percent

Question 38

Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are known as religious

A)beliefs.
B)experiences.
C)rituals.
D)norms.

Question 39

Which of the following is true regarding Islam?

A)Muslims vary sharply in their interpretations of traditions.
B)Islam recognizes Jesus as the son of God.
C)Islam is more individualistic in its expression than Christianity.
D)Muslim governments do not reinforce Islamic practices through laws.

Question 40

Emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts is known as

A)religious ritual.
B)fanaticism.
C)fundamentalism.
D)secularization.

Question 41

Fundamentalists stress the literal interpretation of sacred texts.

Question 42

Most religious organizations' doctrines include an official concept of "reciprocity."

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of an established sect?

A)Catholicism
B)Conservative Judaism
C)the Hutterites
D)both Catholicism and Conservative Judaism

Question 44

Latent functions of religion include unintended actions that are considered covert or hidden.

Question 45

An established sect is a

A)religious group that is considered an outgrowth of a sect yet remains isolated from society.
B)religious organization that claims to include most or all the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion.
C)large,organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.
D)generally small,secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.

Question 46

What is the term used to refer to the pilgrimage by Muslims to the Grand Mosque in Mecca,Saudi Arabia?

A)hajj
B)Sikh
C)hijab
D)Shia

Question 47

Which of the following is the largest single denomination in the United States?

A)Roman Catholic
B)Protestant
C)Judaism
D)Muslim

Question 48

A by-product of the Protestant ethic is the drive to accumulate savings that can be used for future investment.

Question 49

The four forms of religious organization are the ecclesia,the denomination,the sect,and the cult.

Question 50

A denomination is a

A)generally small,secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.
B)large,organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.
C)religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion.
D)relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

Question 51

Islam is the largest single faith in the world.

Question 52

Religion can give its members a way in which to make sense of "senseless" events.

Question 53

The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality,such as a divine being,or of being overcome with religious emotion is called a religious

A)ritual.
B)experience.
C)belief.
D)custom.

Question 54

The feeling of exaltation that a person has when hearing a choir sing is characterized as a religious

A)value.
B)belief.
C)experience.
D)ritual.

Question 55

A new religious movement (NRM)or cult is

A)generally a small,secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.
B)a large,organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.
C)a concept,developed by J.Milton Yinger,for a religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect,yet remains isolated from society.
D)a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

Question 56

Karl Marx described religion as an "opiate" that was particularly harmful to oppressed peoples.

Question 57

A religious organization that is recognized as the national or official religion is known as a(n)

A)cult.
B)denomination.
C)sect.
D)ecclesia.

Question 58

The great majority of Muslims in the United States are ________ Muslims.

A)Sunni
B)Shia
C)Black
D)Shiite

Question 59

A sect is a

A)generally small,secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.
B)large,organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.
C)religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion.
D)relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

Question 60

Which of the following is an example of a denomination in the United States?

A)an Amish church
B)the Episcopalian religion
C)a storefront church in an inner-city community
D)Jehovah's Witnesses

Question 61

Write about the history,facts,and current status of the debate over the place of religion in the U.S.public school system.Where do topics such as school prayer and evolution fall into this discussion?

Question 62

Using examples,describe and differentiate among the four basic types of religious organizations.

Question 63

Discuss the primary differences between the functionalist and conflict views on religion.

Question 64

Discuss the reasons Mormonism is a controversial religion in the United States and how the religion itself has changed over time.

Question 65

Discuss the three components of religion-belief,ritual,and experience-and describe how they depend on each other.Give examples to support your answer.

Question 66

Discuss the concepts of sacred and profane in the context of the distinctions religious faiths make between transcending events and the everyday world.

Question 67

Write a summary of Islam as presented in your textbook.Be sure to include both similarities and differences between Islam and other religions,as well as the divisions within Islam itself.

Question 68

An ecclesia does not exist in the United States.

Question 69

One major sign of the fluidity of individual religion and spirituality is the rise of the electronic church.