Deck 14: Education

Question 1

In the last decade,the Chinese government revised their nation's history curriculum to

A)teach that the Chinese Communist Party,not the United States,played a central role in defeating Japan during World War II.
B)remove any mention of the 30 million Chinese who died under Mao Zedong's program.
C)remove any mention of China's increasing role in the modern capitalist economy.
D)teach that the Chinese Communist Party played a central role in defeating Japan during World War II while removing any mention of the 30 million Chinese who died under Mao Zedong's program.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Teaching students to read and write,to calculate numbers,and to master the facts of their society's history are all examples of

A)latent functions of education.
B)manifest functions of education.
C)manifest dysfunctions of education.
D)latent dysfunctions of education.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Teaching students about the physical and political geography of their state,their country,and the world is a(n)

A)manifest function of education.
B)latent function of education.
C)dysfunction of education.
D)example of the correspondence principle.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In 2009 among the following nations,which had the highest percentage of persons who had graduated with a higher education degree?

A)Poland
B)Great Britain
C)Japan
D)Germany

Question 5

What did Diane Ravitch question in her book,The Death and Life of the Great American School?

A)using young teachers who are inexperienced in the classroom
B)using electronic coursework to deliver material to students
C)reducing the art of teaching into cramming for standardized tests
D)increasing the average size of classrooms for children in elementary schools

Question 6

Which of the following is stressed by formal education?

A)the liberal use of broad generalizations
B)the importance of qualifying statements
C)the acceptance of established truths
D)the acceptance of established practices

Question 7

Teachers and guidance counselors may encourage male students to pursue careers in the sciences,but they steer equally talented female students into careers as early childhood teachers.Such socialization into traditional gender roles is considered a form of

A)social integration.
B)political integration.
C)social control.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 8

Which sociological perspective emphasizes how the common identity and social integration fostered by education contributes to overall societal stability and consensus?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 9

In 2009 among the following nations,which had the lowest percentage of persons who had graduated with a higher education degree?

A)Ireland
B)Great Britain
C)Turkey
D)Mexico

Question 10

Numerous sociological studies have revealed that additional years of formal schooling are associated with which of the following?

A)openness to new ideas
B)more conservative social viewpoints
C)lower average incomes
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 11

Critics of bilingualism in schools in the United States argue that

A)these bilingual programs cost too much.
B)earlier groups of immigrants learned English without these programs.
C)bilingualism undermines the social and political integration that education has traditionally promoted.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 12

In the past,the integrative function of education in the United States was most obvious in its emphasis on

A)teaching diversity in the classroom.
B)promotion of a common language.
C)teaching strict discipline.
D)teaching students that they share a common history.

Question 13

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of education in human society?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 14

Which sociologist pointed out that better-educated people tend to have greater access to factual information?

A)Max Weber
B)Arlie Hochschild
C)Robin Williams
D)Robert Merton

Question 15

Bestowing status on students by awarding them a diploma after they have successfully completed all graduation requirements can be considered a

A)manifest function of education.
B)latent function of education.
C)dysfunction of education.
D)goal of the interactionist approach to education.

Question 16

In schools in the United States,bilingual education has been defended on the grounds that it

A)is a means to encourage cultural diversity.
B)assists in the cultural integration of immigrant groups.
C)assists in the political integration of immigrant groups.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 17

A particular college requires students to live on campus during their first two years to help foster a sense of community among diverse groups.This

A)is illegal in most states.
B)serves a latent function of education.
C)serves a manifest function of education.
D)is an attempt to re-socialize improper behavior.

Question 18

Which sociological perspective portrays contemporary education as basically benign-for example,it argues that schools rationally sort and select students for future high-status positions,thereby meeting society's need for talented and expert personnel?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)labeling theory

Question 19

Teaching students to be on time,to respect authority,and to follow directions can be considered a

A)manifest function of education.
B)latent function of education.
C)dysfunction of education.
D)goal of the interactionist approach to education.

Question 20

Which of the following illustrates a current trend in higher education?

A)White participation in higher education fell from 44 percent to 28 percent between 1978 and 2008.
B)More women than men are participating in higher education.
C)Equal gains are being made by Latino and African American groups in educational attainment.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 21

Which sociological perspective is most critical of the differential way in which education bestows status?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 22

The correspondence principle refers to the tendency of

A)students to develop values and attitudes that are similar to those of their elementary school teachers.
B)schools to place physically handicapped children in classes with peers who are at a similar academic level,regardless of physical condition.
C)schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and to prepare students for the types of jobs typically held by members of their class.
D)parents to place their children in private schools that teach social values that are similar to their own.

Question 23

Which sociological perspective views education as an instrument of elite domination?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 24

What is tracking?

A)the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools
B)the process of following a student's academic progress from first through twelfth grades
C)the practice of integrating handicapped children into "regular" classrooms
D)the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria

Question 25

Students in Japan are offered guidance sessions to improve the classroom experience and instill values useful in the Japanese business world.These sessions are an example of the

A)hidden curriculum.
B)correspondence principle.
C)teacher-expectancy effect.
D)Protestant ethic.

Question 26

Federal Title IX policies required schools to

A)offer sex-segregated classes.
B)offer preference to females over males for financial aid.
C)give girls more opportunities to play sports.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 27

Which sociologist(s)argued that capitalism requires a skilled,disciplined labor force,and that the educational system of the United States is structured with that objective in mind?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Max Weber
D)Samuel Bowles and Harold Gintis

Question 28

Critics of the hidden curriculum are concerned that

A)it may lead to a type of interpretive behavior.
B)discipline takes precedence over the learning process.
C)it places too much emphasis on creative thought.
D)it may lead to a type of interpretive behavior,and also,discipline takes precedence over the learning process.

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true regarding gender and education?

A)In the late 1960s,twice as many women as men received degrees.
B)Today,women outnumber men at college commencements.
C)Few women are enrolled in graduate education.
D)Few women enroll in medical,dental,or law school.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of Weber's basic characteristics of bureaucracy?

A)sharing of labor roles
B)hierarchy of authority
C)written regulations
D)impersonality

Question 31

An increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field is referred to as

A)the hidden curriculum.
B)escalation.
C)credentialism.
D)the worker-expectancy effect.

Question 32

How many years passed between the establishment of the first men's college and the first women winning admission to an institute of higher learning?

A)50 years
B)100 years
C)150 years
D)200 years

Question 33

Which college was the first institute of higher learning to admit female students?

A)Cornell
B)Penn State
C)Oberlin
D)UCLA

Question 34

In the United States,schoolchildren are taught not to speak until the teacher calls on them and to regulate their activities according to clocks or bells.This learning experience illustrates

A)credentialism.
B)the correspondence principle.
C)the hidden curriculum.
D)the teacher-expectancy effect.

Question 35

In a study of tracking in a California school system,17 percent of students in a tracked system qualified for college credit.What percentage qualified in an open system where any student could enroll in an advanced placement (AP)course?

A)about 10%
B)about 20%
C)about 30%
D)about 50%

Question 36

The hidden curriculum refers to

A)the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools.
B)the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria.
C)the teaching of art,music,industrial arts,acting,and other nonessential courses in high schools.
D)the lesson plans that instructors prepare and that students and parents never see.

Question 37

Which famous sociologist concluded,as far back as 1916,that the "universal clamor for the creation of educational certificates in all fields makes for the formation of a privileged stratum in businesses and in offices"?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Georg Simmel
C)Vilfredo Pareto
D)Max Weber

Question 38

Which researcher's work yielded the concept referred to as the teacher-expectancy effect?

A)Talcott Parsons
B)Howard Becker
C)Robert Rosenthal
D)Max Weber

Question 39

Which sociologist studied both poor and affluent Chicago schools and noted administrators expected less of children from poorer neighborhoods?

A)Talcott Parsons
B)Howard Becker
C)Robert Rosenthal
D)Max Weber

Question 40

The teacher-expectancy effect reflects the views of which sociological perspective?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 41

Which perspective views the bureaucratization of education as simply a reflection of the values of powerful groups in society?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)feminist perspective

Question 42

In effect,schools serve as a transitional agent of social control,bridging the gap between parents and employers in the life cycle of most individuals.

Question 43

Which of the college subcultures identifies with the intellectual concerns of the faculty and values knowledge for its own sake?

A)academic
B)collegiate
C)fraternity
D)nonconformist

Question 44

About how many children are homeschooled in the United States?

A)88,000
B)800,000
C)1 million
D)1.5 million

Question 45

In a particular school system,a teacher's aide must report to her teacher,and the teacher must report to his assistant principal,who then must report to her principal,who then must report to the superintendent,who ultimately is responsible to the board of education.This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy?

A)written rules and regulations
B)impersonality
C)division of labor
D)hierarchy of authority

Question 46

Which perspective generally takes a positive view of the bureaucratization of education?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)feminist perspective

Question 47

How many gay-straight alliances (GSAs)were in place in schools nationwide in 2005?

A)less than 100
B)about 500
C)about 1,000
D)nearly 3,000

Question 48

Critics of homeschooling suggest that homeschooled children are

A)less academically prepared for college.
B)isolated from the larger community and lose an important chance to improve their socialization skills.
C)negatively affected if they have an attention deficit disorder.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 49

Which of the following is considered a major problem regarding homeschooling?

A)quality control
B)the number of teachers
C)the quality of the time children spend with parents
D)the rate of learning

Question 50

Your professor receives a promotion when she publishes a journal article within her body of expertise,instead of the promotion going to the department chair's brother-in-law who used to be a cashier but could really use the money.This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy?

A)employment based on technical qualifications
B)impersonality
C)division of labor
D)hierarchy of authority

Question 51

Researchers have identified distinctive student subcultures on college campuses.The students who focus on having fun and socializing are referred to as the ________ subculture.

A)academic
B)collegiate
C)fraternity
D)nonconformist

Question 52

In how many states is it legal to homeschool your child?

A)12
B)21
C)33
D)50

Question 53

You enroll in a freshman Introduction to Sociology course at your college,and the classes are held in a large auditorium with stadium seating that holds over a hundred students with a single instructor behind a lectern.This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy?

A)written rules and regulations
B)impersonality
C)division of labor
D)hierarchy of authority

Question 54

Conflicts arise for teachers when they must serve as employee of the school,disciplinarian,and instructor all at the same time.

Question 55

The average salary of teachers in the United States places them

A)much lower than the average wage earner in the nation.
B)much higher than the average wage earner in the nation.
C)near the average of all wage earners in the nation.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 56

What percentage of new teachers quit within the first three years due to burnout?

A)5-8 percent
B)10-15 percent
C)25-33 percent
D)50-65 percent

Question 57

A particular school district hires a staff member who only works with students who have specific reading difficulties.This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy?

A)written rules and regulations
B)impersonality
C)division of labor
D)hierarchy of authority

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true regarding families who homeschool their children?

A)Most homeschooled students perform better on standardized tests.
B)Most homeschooled students belong to single-parent families.
C)Most homeschooled students belong to middle-income families.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 59

A particular teacher spends eighty-percent of her time filling out proper forms required by the school district and the rest of her time actually teaching.This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy?

A)written rules and regulations
B)impersonality
C)division of labor
D)hierarchy of authority

Question 60

Which sociologist's analysis of bureaucracies has been applied to schools in the United States because of the growing number of students enrolled in schools and the greater degree of specialization required within a technologically complex society?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Max Weber
D)Samuel Bowles

Question 61

In what ways has research shown that education can serve as an agent of change? How does this latent function of education differ from other latent functions as described by the functionalist perspective?

Question 62

Conflict theorists argue that educational systems serve a function by creating social stability through the transmission of cultural values.

Question 63

Discuss the interactionist perspective on education.Define the teacher-expectancy effect and give examples to illustrate your answer.

Question 64

In many respects,today's schools,when viewed as an example of a formal organization,are similar to factories,hospitals,and business firms.

Question 65

The four collegiate subcultures are only types you would encounter on a college campus.

Question 66

Discuss the concept of homeschooling in contemporary America.Provide multiple reasons different individual families may choose schooling at home versus private and public choices.

Question 67

The overall prestige of the teaching profession has increased over the last decade.

Question 68

The subculture that focuses on socializing and having fun instead of attending classes is the nonconformist subculture.

Question 69

Describe the inherent conflict between a teacher's role in the classroom and as a professional who serves as part of a bureaucracy.

Question 70

The correspondence principle refers to schools that perpetuate social-class integration within a community setting.